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Chlorine
Hydrogen Chloride
Sulphur
Sulphur Dioxide
In the laboratory, sulphur dioxide is prepared by heating a mixture of sodium sulphite and
dilute hydrochloric acid. The reaction equation is:
A dark brown mixture is left in the flask. It contains anhydrous copper (II) sulphate and
certain impurities.
Physical properties
These are:
As indicated above, sulphur dioxide gas dissolves in water to form an acid solution of
sulphurous acid, H2SO3. The solution turns blue litmus paper red. Sulphur dioxide is
thus an acidic gas.
Chemical properties
The reaction characteristics described below explains the chemical properties of
sulphur dioxide gas.
Sulphur dioxide bleaches the colours in dyes such as flower pigments. When the
flower pigments or dyes contain oxygen, they are coloured. Sulphur dioxide reduces
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the dye (removes oxygen from it) and the dye, therefore, turns colourless. This Ticha
process can be summarized as follows: Kidevu
Then the acid takes up oxygen from the dye of the flowers or paper and forms
sulphuric acid. The removal of oxygen from the dye converts it to a colourless
compound:
However, the oxygen from the air may oxidize the reduced colourless compound
back to the original coloured compound.
If sulphur dioxide gas is bubbled through concentrated nitric acid, brown fumes of
nitrogen dioxide gas are formed:
The nitric acid is reduced to nitrogen dioxide and the sulphur dioxide is oxidized to
sulphuric acid.
Sulphur dioxide is first converted to a sulphite (SO32-), after reacting with water, and
When sulphur dioxide is mixed with potassium dichromate (VI) solution the orange
colour of the solution changes to green. The dichromate (VI) is reduced to chromate
(III) which is green in colour when in aqueous state:
Sulphur dioxide reduces chlorine, bromine and iodine to the hydrogen halides in the
presence of water:
Hydrogen sulphide gas has a smell similar to that of a rotten egg. The hydrogen
sulphide gas is oxidized by sulphur dioxide in the gas jar to sulphur:
The sulphur produced is a yellow residue.The reaction takes place in the presence of
moisture which acts as a catalyst. That is why water is added in the jar.
When burning magnesium is lowered into a jar containing sulphur dioxide gas, a
white solid, magnesium oxide, and yellow pieces of sulphur are formed:
1. The gas can be identified by its characteristic pungent and choking smell.
2. It can also be detected by putting into it a filter paper that has been previously
dipped into an acidified solution of potassium dichromate (VI). The colour of the
filter paper changes from orange to green due to the reduction of dichromate
(VI) to chromate (III).
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1. The gas is used in the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid in the Contact
Process.
2. It is used as a bleaching agent for wood pulp, silk, wool and straw.
4. It is used as a preservative and sterilizing agent in making soft drinks and jam,
and in dried fruits. A very low concentration of the gas in food prevents
fermentation as it stops the growth of bacteria and moulds. Its reaction with
oxygen prevents oxidation of juices and other liquids to which it is added for
preservation.
Half of sulphur dioxide output comes from burning coal in coal-fired power stations.
All coal contains small amounts of sulphur. So when the coal is burnt to produce
energy, the sulphur in the coal reacts with oxygen in the air to produce sulphur
dioxide
Sulphur dioxide is a very irritating gas and is thought to be the cause of bronchitis
and other lung diseases. Exposure to higher concentrations of the gas can cause Ask
impairment of the respiratory function and heart diseases. Ticha
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Sulphur dioxide also causes acid rain. This occurs when the gas comes in contact
with
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The sulphur dioxide dissolves in water vapour from the clouds and /
combines with oxygen from the atmosphere to form an acid – sulphuric acid:
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Acid rain damages the leaves and barks of plants making them more vulnerable to
diseases, weather and insects. When acid rain reaches the lake, river or other water
bodies it makes the whole water body acidic. Even a low concentration of acid in the
water can kill fish and other marine organisms.
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Sulphuric Acid
Nitrogen
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