UNIT 6

Careers & success

SPEAKING  Varying language    page 58  5 If a young woman wanted to look up to a strong female
role model, I would suggest Marissa Mayer for her
Vocabulary ambition.
2 12
ANSWERS
ANSWER
a competent f passionate They use contracted forms (it’d, I’d).
b supportive g forward-looking
c fair h inspiring 13
d courageous i imaginative
ANSWER
e determined j ambitious
Contractions are normally used in spoken English or
(intelligent and honest are not defined in exercise 1)
informal written English.
5
ANSWERS LISTENING  Completing notes    page 60 
intelligent intelligence
courageous courage Vocabulary
fair fairness 3
forward-looking – ANSWERS
determined determination Financial: company pension, bonus, pay rise
imaginative imagination Working hours: overtime, flexitime
competent competence Other benefits: promotion, training opportunities, attractive
passionate passion location, holiday
honest honesty
supportive support 4
Exam skills ANSWERS
7 1 full time 5 bonus / pay rise
2 overtime 6 holiday
ANSWERS 3 salary / bonus / pay rise 7 flexitime
Sentence 2 is better because the grammar and vocabulary 4 salary / bonus / pay rise 8 salary / bonus / pay rise
are more varied. It uses different tenses, different sentence
lengths, and changes words to avoid repetition, e.g. really – 5
so. Word forms also vary more. ANSWERS
EXAM TIP   1 full time (hours a week) 5 pay rise
2 overtime 6 holiday
ANSWER 3 salary 7 no flexitime
Part 2, because there aren’t as many questions. 4 not mentioned 8 bonus
8 Exam skills
POSSIBLE ANSWERS 7
2 He has a lot of passion for his job.
ANSWERS
3 She is really fair.
1 form
4 I admire my friend’s determination.
2 finish, earn money
5 My brother’s ambition means he’s going to succeed.
3 gym and a restaurant
Grammar EXAM TIP  
10
ANSWER
ANSWERS Think about possible answers and possible types of words
2 If I had to describe my hero in one word, it would be that could fill each gap.
courageous.
3 If I could meet any famous person, it would be a world
leader.
4 I think many actors would be successful if they were
models, too.

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8 Vocabulary
ANSWERS 7
a  7 & 8   b  1  c  6  d  2  e  9  f  3  g  5  h  4 ANSWERS
result 4 method 6
9
positive effect 3 cause 1
ANSWERS negative effect  2 reason / excuse  5
1 65% 6 bonus
2 graduate course 7 20 / twenty 8
3 applications 8 gym ANSWERS
4 full-time 9 time management 1 An explanation for low motivation is a lack of support
5 study from managers.
2 A drawback of working from home is that you can’t
Exam practice
attend meetings.
10 3 An advantage of employing younger people is that they
ANSWERS are easier to train.
1 classrooms 5 control the children 4 A consequence of modern communications is that more
2 two to six 6 weeks of holiday / weeks’ holiday people work from home.
3 reflect on 7 pension 5 A justification for raising university fees is that it will
4 essays improve standards of education.
6 A way to motivate staff is to increase pay.
Study skills
9
ANSWER
Other things students might need to know when they learn POSSIBLE ANSWERS
new words include: word formation, collocations, register, 2 a drawback of factory work
different meanings. 3 a consequence of bad management
4 an explanation for unemployment
5 a way of improving equality
WRITING  From plan to topic 6 a justification for paying bonuses
sentences    page 62  Grammar
Exam skills 10
ANSWERS
4
a  is  b  is that
ANSWERS
1  b  2  a  3  c 11

EXAM TIP   ANSWERS

1 A consequence of low pay is that workers are less
ANSWER motivated.
If you give your opinion in the thesis statement, each topic 2 A way to get job satisfaction is to do something you are
sentence should give a reason for this opinion OR if you say good at.
you are going to discuss an argument, each topic sentence 3 An advantage of paying people the same is that they will
should introduce one side of the argument OR if you say you work better with others.
are going to explain causes or effects, each topic sentence 4 A drawback of fame is lack of privacy.
should state a cause or effect.
12
5
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
ANSWERS 1 The first advantage of going to university is the chance to
a  2  b  3  c  1 earn more money.
2 Another consequence is that you can meet many different
6
people.
ANSWERS 3 A final justification is that you can get a variety of skills
1 The second reason for my position in this debate is that / and more employment options.
public sector employees / have more job security.
2 The final explanation for salary differences is that /
companies / are free to decide how much they pay.
3 One negative effect of giving a lot of bonuses is that / the
people who want them / may take risks in their work.

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Exam practice
13
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 Nowadays, too many people young people want to
become famous. Do you agree or disagree?
I agree:
Introduction:
The concept of celebrity has widened the concept
of fame. When once famous people were quite rare,
nowadays anyone who acts in a reality show can become
a celebrity and acquire some measure of fame. Access to
technology has meant young people are more and more
aware of fame and may see it as a goal. On the whole, I
see this as potentially damaging for youngsters.
Body:
• Fame is difficult to deal with
• Not everyone can be famous
• We need people to do less glamorous jobs
The first drawback of fame is that it is not easy for young
people to deal with their success.
A second negative effect is that so few people can
achieve fame.
A final point is that if everyone were famous, we’d have
nobody left to do the less glamorous work.
Conclusion:
Despite the trappings of fame, its elusive nature means
many young people do not focus on their studies and
realities in the pursuit of a false dream.
2 What can bosses do to motivate their staff?
Work is a fact of life and this means there is a need for
employers to employ employees. Bosses want to get the
most out of their staff and members of staff want to enjoy
their work and succeed in it.
• Offer bonuses
• Provide flexible hours
• Make the office environment attractive
The first way to motivate staff could be to offer higher
bonuses.
A second solution is giving workers more flexibility about
when and where they work.
Finally, companies should make their working
environment more attractive.
If bosses look after their employees, the employees work
hard and businesses thrive. It is a symbiotic relationship,
and when it works, it works well.
3 Success at work brings happiness. Do you agree?
I disagree:
Since humans have arranged their lives such that they
spend a great deal of time at work, it is important that
they enjoy their jobs and are appreciated for what they
do. Whether workers have to be successful to be happy is
a different matter. It largely depends on what is meant by
‘success’ – if success in work means achieving and moving
forward, then I would argue that there is more happiness
in this than in stagnating. However, I would not say that
the pursuit of success makes people happy, the earning of
it might.
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• You work harder to maintain success
• Family life suffers
• Success makes people jealous
The first drawback to success at work is that it often
makes you work still harder to maintain it.
The second consequence is that family life may suffer
when you have many responsibilities at work.
A final problem is that success can make friends and other
people jealous of you.
The concept of success and how it relates to one’s
working life is subjective; but in the end, the people you
love, and doing something you enjoy doing with your
time, are more likely to bring happiness than success for
its own sake.
READING  Matching headings    page 64 
Exam skills
3
ANSWERS
More than any other element, fun is the secret of Virgin’s
success.
But ex-paralympic athlete Linda Mastandrea believes that
the key to success is really determination.
She believes it’s the people around her that have made the
difference to her life.
EXAM TIP  
ANSWER
Topic sentences are usually located near the beginning
of each paragraph; they can help you to understand the
main ideas of the passage and the information that each
paragraph contains.
4
ANSWERS
A  2 & 5   B  1 & 3   C  4 & 6
5
ANSWERS
The topic sentence is the first sentence in all but paragraphs
A and G.
A In short, what’s on the inside is key.
B Few could deny that intelligence is essential to success in
early life.
C In fact, it seems that during working life, educational
background has much less impact than it once did.
D Admittedly, the capacity for hard work is probably
important, too.
E Indeed, new research suggests that a wide variety of
external factors also assist high achievers.
F Self-presentation and the way we dress may also play
a role.
G Perhaps teaching the art of making an impression on
others may be as valuable to today’s generation as a
traditional schooling.
According to the author, hard work may result in success
and appearance certainly contributes to it.
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6
ANSWER
No

Exam practice
7
ANSWERS
1 Paragraph B: vii 4 Paragraph E: ii
2 Paragraph C: iii 5 Paragraph F: vi
3 Paragraph D: iv

Vocabulary
8
ANSWERS
External: looks, height, dress
Internal: intelligence, motivation, drive, curiosity
Situational: family background, educational background

9
ANSWERS
A  Situational  B  Internal  C  External

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