RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and

Practice
Dr. Gundula Stadie-Frohbös / Dr. Felix Weise

www.futureship.net
RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and
Practice

• Short Presentation of GL

• Introduction / Basics

• Risk based method

• Example: Offshore pipeline

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 2
GL is global service provider in maritime and energy
market (oil & gas, renewables)

6,800 Employees in 80 Countries

Maritime

Classification of 6,800 ships in service Europe

Plan approval and new build supervision 3.300
of 500 ships p.a.

Maritime Systems & Components Asia

Maritime Solutions Middle 1.450
East
Americas 550

1.050 Australia,
Africa
Oil & Gas (GL Noble Denton) Pacific
100 350

Technical Assurance
GL offices

Engineering Consulting
Employees

Asset Performance & Maintenance

Marine Operations & Consulting
Strong growth accelerated by acquisitions

Project Execution [EURm] 800

Software Products
567
Renewables (GL Garrad Hassan) 430

Certification 429
370 231

Engineering Consulting 327 128
270 89

Marine Operations 205 208 222 72
184 56
Industrial 35 43 43 50 336 370

Measurements 255 281 301
Maritime 149 162 165 172 214

Software Products

Training
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009E

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 3
 Introduction / Basics

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 4
 Reasons for leakage

Nat. Hazard
0%
Material - steel
defect Other Anchor
8% 14% 16%
Material - weld
Impact
defects
18%
6%
Structural
0%

Corrosion
38%

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 5
 Introduction: What is risk?

Risk - understanding

What goes What are the

wrong? How often? consequences?

Scenario Probability Measure of damages

(e.g. fire, oil spill, (e.g. 1 in 1000 years, (e.g. €1M damage,
collision, etc.) 1 in 100 years, etc.) 3 injuries, etc.)

Risk = probability of failure x consequence of failure

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 6
Risk management - covering life cycle of the asset

Conceptual design

Detailed design

Construction

Commissioning

Operation & Maintenance

Life time extension

Decommissioning

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 7
 Risk method – Example

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 8
 GALIOM for Pipelines
Consequence of a
Risk = PoF × CoF failure (CoF) shall
be assessed
Design Index Third Party Index carefully!
Probability
Risk is the
of failure
combination of
PoFIndex
PoF and CoF
Corrosion Index Operation Index
Economical Environmental
consequence impact

Probability of
Consequence
failure (PoF) can Location of failure
often be estimated! Class

Reputation
Main technical Operation Human safety and political
Pressure
aspects are consequence

considered within Contents

type Spill volume
GALIOM.

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 9
 Probability of failure | Two track concept
Semi - quantitative approach

Index procedure leads to Remaining life time

an overview of the current Probability of Failure is directly related to
status of the pipeline time dependent effects
Design ...
Design
Remaining Life Time
Corrosion

Index Procedure Corrosion

Fatigue
...
Operation Crossing Pressure
Third Party
Free Span
PoF obtained by worst case result of both assessment methods
RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 10
Risk matrix & Inspection intervals

increasing decreasing
Results used to
generate inspection
strategy which
considers cost
and safety aspects.

Fixed inspection intervals (e.g. by

owner or authority requirements)
can be considered as well
according to experience of
measurements.
RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 11
Case Study – Two flaws, same flaw geometry and
different consequences
Production Platform Probability of Failure

Conse-

Negligible

Medium

Serious
Risk development for two quence

High
Low
Flaw A equivalent corrosion flaws, Negligible
B B B B
with same corrosion growth, Low

however, different consequence Medium

Flaw B
levels High
A A A A
Serious
Consequence

Pipeline with different consequence areas

1

0.8 2012
0.6
2008
a/t

0.4 2004
0.2
2000
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
c/D Flaw B
Flaw assessment according to RSTRENG Flaw A
RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 12
 Example: Pipeline

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 13
 Pipeline
Outer diameter Wall thickness Operating pressure Medium Age
32 in 30 mm 200 bar Crude oil 29 Jahre

Changing risk
RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 14
Evaluation of design index

100
More precise information
80
about the influences of
60 different topics on the
individual phases of the
40
“life cycle”, here: “Design”
20 with respect to failure
probability.
0
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ue
re

an
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ks

ilit
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Fr
nu

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-b
On

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 15
Assessment of remaining life time - example
80.00

70.00

60.00
Remaining life time [years]

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
Fatigue Corrosion Design

Overview of current life time considering different influence factors

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 16
 Displaying risk in GALIOM

Risk displayed in a
Risk 5 x 5 risk matrix

What Facility, Group or

Equipment has the Highest Risk

Cons Failure Probability

eque Negligi Low Mediu High Serious
nce ble m
Negli
gible
Low

Medi
um
1
High
2
Serio
us

Risk for different pipeline segement

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 17
Conclusions
• Support for evaluation of global pipeline integrity
• Shows unknown topics, e.g. missing soil analysis
• Ranking
• Focus on areas with higher failure probability (condition based maintenance) and
higher consequences (risk based maintenance / inspection)

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 18
What are the Advantages of Performing RBI
• Distinct knowledge of Deterioration Modes and Mechanisms that are affecting
equipment
Look Less – More Focus
• Reduction in Shutdown Inspections in favour of On-Stream Methodologies
Shorter Shutdowns – Greater Availability
• Develop Run to Failure methodologies for Low Consequence Equipment
Reduced Maintenance – Cost Saving
• Reduction in Unforeseen Repairs
Greater Availability
• Ability to identify Risk Mitigation Measures to reduce either the Consequence of
Failure or Probability of Failure
Improved Safety

RBI for Offshore Pipelines – Challenges in Theory and Practice | 2011-12-01 | No. 19
 Thanks for your attention!

Contact details:

Dr. Gundula Stadie-Frohbös

Tel. : 0049 40 36149 991

Email: gsf@gl-group.com

www.futureship.net