Plea Rien FT 8, Robert F. Taft Liturgy in Byzantium and Beyond VARIORUM 1995“This eon copyright © 1985 by Rober F. Ta Published ty VARIORLD “Athen bling iid Gomer Hows, rot Raa, Alder, Hasire GUI SHR Groat Bain Ashgate Pblising Company Old Poa Re, Brock, Vermont 05036 USA ISBN o-cart-isas Belo Libenry CP Data “Tal Hobe ‘ig i B)zandum and Beyond (Warcran Callie Sis Seles, C8400, L The. Sei, 2401 US Library of Congress CIP ata tay in Bynum ad Beyond Room F, Ta em ~ (Collec Sree Sees, C8433, Inside ibliogapicl reese. ISBN aaanre-i-s ak paper 1 Ontndos Easier Caweh-Liuigy-Hisn, 2. Fasten Charcies-Liur to | Tie, Sees: Coles Sota, C5453, BXSS0, 35 1985 oss 264 1 009-de20 cP ‘he paper wed in Us pbleaon wes he minim eee the Anson Nitra landed fer Information Seles -Pomatonne ot Pip fer re ey Ma ANSI SPAIN ey Prine be Gallia Prited) Lit ‘Great Yarmouth, Nov, Great iin ‘COLLECTED STUDIES SERIES C3491 ‘CONTENTS Price vi Sig “THEBYZANTINE LETURGY:WHSTORY AND INTERPRETATION 1 ‘Theta of he Great Chacha inl sym oF ‘ure ta intrpctation on hove of oclm 5.5 ‘Bandung 995 gig DEL BE 8L mina IML ‘The athens o he Cysowom Anaghacs Revs Dricmibine Be autesh of peal ery computer SS ‘asta Cina Berner Rome 190 RETWFEN CONSTANTINOPLE AND JERUSALEM: PARADIONS THE Poniation OF Toe BYZANTINELITUAGICAL SYNTAESIS Mouse Atos te chper inthe iy of — ah ae Papers. Wang DC. 198 Inthe iepiom's abunce The Pacha Tin in the Byaaatne hutch ns ge ae a a tH MI Atle. Th Byte Hy Wok Tas ‘prs of arp hry a ne re no Tom la al NPM Mest! ure it seamLLTURGY BEYOND THE BYZANTINE WORLD Vit Some es on ema oh Eas unl Wet an ‘tons 226-299 nents Oriana Pera 2. Rms, 1988 ‘VIN On thous fe bain he Earn ey aoe astern Carche Review 3 Landon 1990 [RC The meyolton oh Sanco ino te anapion when aed utr? A roe of hdr 231-308 Orienalie Cision Printen 57. ome, 991 nd 83134 rire Christians Prac 38 Rome, 1992 Aliens Note ané Comets 4 (Gene Index Index of Manstrigs PREFACE, Ling! xs an cry es sre ani ot ois ytanne Flic commer taconite, meng pa Bah {le )omprie ta cosa percentage mac ransede ws {Lote Ancien Medion Ester Chan mancarits Toten teal enon Crete the aso Cheatin ors Amen, Conte Ethiopie Sytoe. ‘Bal dsp he oe npoeaneof burch ual in be eof Eason Chin communis jester a ty fr Byars oe md ale thence oar in the pal co composi ke he cath cory De Conon ore farce nincerzy De Ofte -compars oe ir oes, which asa eb! he try of ars Ci ery rms Seto dpe acted ex profes by ery few, Bor steel of Poaiteomatonspoiogeist and inal practcemany by Wester trernstein srk of rgumerisied em e presualy ona Est (erin romney Wastrclrys wa ay Torin gs Ensen) compa cma lugiology aan objets eet, hrc fut and estish sou Cains a indapondom ecghind anch of Oral ot Osc a Byzine Srutes. The age mabe? Salen ira ost The Os Dictionary of Bi 1991 ae ‘we he eat een rcognion, ‘rst arginogy i he, relives new slnce, Though is made tees merlin, td aor sa lb wrt ere gra {yhwe scp ah dtinsons funnel Sob Gran sflctlist Avion Baum ( 1948), is followers ke Mirongris| TEngoring, 0.5. and othe Liogy DeparmcnScrone Lrg) o te Fly of Orin Chan Stud at he Pots! Org Ise ke Roms! o which the pent sur belongs "Wiha ackgroand nin, eres aera why ht Helen Loch a fe nvedacion to his st thelial seve ie the Georgie Lestonry msi eins app fBeaeSicea thaws tevin TNH MEA GN THE KASH-SHmIAS LiTEROY IX ] Fete atone, rs tel rb | SSSA ess The Interpolation of the Sanctus into the Anaphora: When and Where? A Review of the Dossier (*) Pant 1 In memory of Gia Garite 27 L100. ond aed A je SSE P4899, “Hors oma frat thet jc” Qian Exton, Debt atc 1) ‘A. INTRODUCTION Tae Savexs Since Late Antiqiy, eusharisic anaphora: have taiionaly ‘mca ins opening Sostion of the cucarste paper ~ the “Pre (ic this cil we wre a Jo-Ave 198, white he hae es Sine Flow i Byaate Sues te Dustror Oaks Cee Ter gyanee Ste ia Waste Dc. Tai vo.cpmes my patie {ic Toa er Haran Unie uh sar me Som, a ‘he Dent and Ha of Da wel a oie omy of Sumner Fe tou tar hoe cces sa copeton'A Se won of uns (dato Ui ener Asstt er Teche Seis, nd Mar Zap Si FReaies Sovicy the sarin Liay of DO. Thr ang a vcr, and ge mtn a obi al api an ie (sty ete yor sn oes ee ra md eu eg Apert a epg Spa of annie fr pemiting Pek. Akon Karns OS of ae nets serie ten Uist ib thom mee ops o ehps 43ofhi thenl npu » [bed bth due Soma te Eucante Prayer (Camb Unraty ‘ear 91) Us ely pt o Pro Ratsnagh for tenting we + en ie hale Tne tock aporared jos ts aie was et ese1% face," in western teminology ~ with the lturial Sancta Bede 1a, whieh in the Byrne Grok tox) reads (yr 224,283 ow Saks a sve mich of te ae aed se {oem chaps (12) to he Jesh acdc au -1) fo ne sd Fn iret whch a Bnd hemo fy say ‘AC = dite ad Crise Ait The Ean San Aaupbor of he Apo A and Marl (ce WF Sucomun, Tor Oct Krown Reto) te sgh of ies ia and Mar, OCP 12 (985 39537). Sicee Joc» ey Contains epee, ML Mca Teme: Les 1H Si Fri 19h Tome 2. Uns TAT 3%, Ps (800 ‘ome 9: Liter We 88,Fa HT Aesyes Tae Shr Asta fhe Toe Apotes ( ‘itr = he goede te Bo. AAS = The yamine Ltr oP Sl pid OaBAS whe ie ‘ist ranmdoe ity Cope BAS Sr EghAStEgpnn Gee BAS), ‘15 f' .D. Ses ed) The de of Pie Sud oe Temes &f Thonn sd Ronson he Coral Pen of te Eocene ed Beta ge Tn Ror 0 Ata Heo Coma shea ha nan Borte= B Borie, La Trion apowase de Hip, sl de eon Tilo (Ug 3 Mane 933 Bovra, fara L BOON Enh Thao and Spay of he “ache Per Nowe Du anon 19 (HR = Tie Beane yo Son Cosa, oermu = Droste Pito-AMnIe, Tae Ecstacy, tam TU Chm ann MD NY Lonen 98) coo hate Liat ee Ra tse a Edmund Bisior (ext and Sidi VITLI. Combest 190, : ‘Cae BK 6.3. Cine eh Te Lary of Se ark edo the ‘us Cmunten Paseo Br Mine Coven syto aiaa eevee cee, EL fphomrtes hws Gen, Bihar = K. Gre. ee acai der richer GuetieB Puce 3, Wa hy Pa ete “he Ineo of te Sunes Kt he Anghors 28 Li cAyos nos Bros Kips 1. Hols, oly, holy Lent Se Saf, tuoi, 2, vatpns 6 opens wal 1h) 2 fll [are the Aeaveh and the ig 655m 0. arth of you lon! 3, ‘sew 0 ets Bylot, 3 Hosanna in the highest 4: longus 8 tpSueves by A Bled ik he who comes in Syouat Kupio. the name ofthe Lar! "Doren ev of ores —§. Hosznna inthe highest ‘a Suen me Oster und Oerommitt. 3A, Sogn 7 7. Cobar nectar Vee 1999) 158 Ccuniss A. Gains De chinks Ge in ina ‘ir Goce des Bucartichn Hochces OF 83, Manse 19834 ‘cute Sina = €, Gane La rs aon dle pep ‘rie Sagi ala gnc ora a frm. Tade maa. ‘neo, bts dan angs cnsiane (anioan Bia 98 we en ‘ORED = The Alcan Anaporsof S. Cray a ick nd Cpt oe Gath oem le JoM Hayes, tons hurr bu nen Tl ome 1980 1932. Imi Bn Pray Ider Brnclane falc Lire, So ‘ha Parcs 5 (TU 8, Din 1982) S08 4s9s's' Th uy St Tees ie the Grek ran ale eerie See ee FO 28.2, Jie MST JA JGMLGN, The Mae of the Rowan ie Mn un rei, 2 tle (New Yar 195, 1959) anten, fe Dum = EK, Sin stn Te ov wd 2 Goh tds 24 rte or eran Keo reich der Bangin (etch e Licptocoung 10 Gthngs 8 assent Sader =. Kissa Sudo ern Tr ‘thle Ita wr sorschen Thee 2 Tubiact 136 Pe 2A nee L Pate, Pex erarica Spe burns [Fr ‘ue 136, oe? = OH Menony, La Live de 5 Jacque Eos eine, se teat nine @O 62, Par 190) 115236 Reine LS = B.C RATcur, Lew Sly, oA. COURAT, DML "Tur onde 970. artim Nate ty 4 Nae te Anpheas dei inte Lrg) ome of Nua Moa, Wong (eh, lal ‘hed Pare Sees Menor of oe ee Cae (Py. Hen 285200. Racy 18 608.Par 1-2 of this dual chant i the Sbliat Sanctus of LXX ts 63 with the Christan goss “the heohon and the car” replaciog the EXX madi “the mole (ce) ean” (2h and moifed by the Shit om the hind person “his lor: 88mg" to dee at sss via the scond person singular: "yonr glory lng oa" (2 Exounsoos of this tase text are frequent enough In Ea and Wes. especialy the common inteplation of “Gad” —"Lowd God Sabsoth” = found among the Laos and in all the Syriac tad ions Those ae aller developments, not dications ofan car ‘Une of arent provenance, and need no concern us Bete The Hesse Teseoncres Pan M245, trltiomally appended to this Sancos ouside the ‘lated traons of Eaypt and Ehionia,°) comprises the Hossa. eBenodiiay Hossa finale [35] ofthe tual entry Hato Jere silo soavence, The text is from Mt 213, exept that the fie STC, Oral Fam =o, Ths Oia of te dap of aa Sd Man Sas HS 3 9) 19 © Rc 8S se $i, 38s me pcan Sard rcncnet = M.A. Se The dap of apo Tre diet ecodnd ad ara 1 ON Be Sr Oi rm» B.D. So he Oi Ke te Aartra “tr Seon ne Li of an haar ELT Sr, Sne «To, Te Sn te ae Pa Combi Sern, Ses = The Jove Ses fr the Suns, The Hoy ‘ent 3 GaN 16 m a = Thsigste Owmaca Week Gora E Wenn The Ges of the Linge Sc “:A Mita ed no Pra hh es eis Fer the Fa hay rtd in Mass, 835 (ue 1254; hee eaperive luis iE, neous, nan int oP 19 Ore tn oe eh ae Sec re viel Hon he Log, (cE PE TH, 12 134, 13,186,140, a7 ‘Tee Inerpeatoe of te Sunes i he Amphoe 285 ‘Hosanoh [isthe stme asthe szond [5], whereas in Mi 2.9 she fit reads “Hosanna 10 the son of Dave.” One exception to this feneral rule isthe Ess-Sjrian uation, which doubke the fest ‘member [3] to “Hosanna in the Aighe and Rosana othe son of Davi") What was sid above aboot Sancias variants ing liter devel ‘opments kde equally for those in he Benedict. They ccons 1, Problems reauing Gom uslating “hosanna” 2 Shits fom hil to second person sgl 4. Doubling of the verb im variovs tenses (Eas West-Syrinn tnd Coptic GREG: “he who cane aid wil come,” Amme- flan: “yeu who came and ll come;” Syro-Malabar and (Coptic: "who cores and is coming.) all oubies in Fntaion of JAS! 6 Bay xu dputneves ¢) The vara 1s sepoted as early as 513-818 by Severus of Antioch, Hom 9.0) II, THe Bovenia Sancrus ‘That isnot at all su, however, ofthe Reypian peculiarity, the Sancius without Benedict, This 69 mere textual emendation 9¢ Secondary variant, but a distin, indigenous, Altapirian Sones teadion in which the horn, unlike the Sincsin some cee a ‘hora, ines othe very suture of th Exjpuan-ype oucker- Ise prayer.) eadng as it does to the Indigenous fis eis (nse, 98 0,258); cma 44 (ct Wms ants ero hi ott rk Sc af JAS a pein he tam "Romane Gnd” Pee Ge W70 (ae eer heat 228 ‘its wu af J pet icp oh Sa hintaan Shs et found eG Ps G30" PO 62.200 nd pw (990 21%; 1. Compo, “Te Ly of Aoi De time of Sennen BISSIN ia hs Algom (ed) "Fne and Connie Io of Phone Soan Tatty eg 19) “te that moar ih Oreck Seapon and tk Conc Orb te cee i Sais Ta 1440) tate ave Fanaaous SSARAPION: May the Lard Jone Cui a5 te Hy. Spc, sin nd yan ou th bo ou eave erty Pl ‘tally ‘and power annus an dots anl ey nan ev pt cyt th pb a nthe a Wome" Be gs saat dhewands Of thoes and’ yr of yrds ogde ‘chansons, comision:poreetcy aod pore eee and the to meat boronic simnge Sorpim, who ah to eH ee or of ye at Fale deat hah) Lard en and oh ae fl (lips fo tio. lll Cty is haem fl Gp) lana se mag ‘at oy. Lae f pow apo ao tis sear ah Du persed mh ar pip SK: Heh ae Oe) oF Yur lars Ea (een in tru ate hve a cit yur hay yao ne Sy of cu ted and God and sir Jet Cat a hipusty ee Go thi mie, wats te ess fom ou thee cing oe abi Speie) ‘The siply amiculmed plenserepleum/Onple Eeypn anaphora sequence also obviates any apllover of the Uankoiving ito tne posites. This clan break is anther sharcterisic of Egyptian ‘ype anaphorss.() In is earls Eeyptin fr, sll whiten Sos ‘apion, the Sanctus i sng tothe Father by th Son an Holy Sp wom the two Seraphim of Is 62 eepesnt according to the prev leat Origenistenges (io e ted in Pat I of this toy, section FI), ive more of the teat of Sarapion to sbow the favor of ths iets; the text of MK ib subvantly he same (e the Latin {ext i> paral cols in ection Fl of Pat T, ‘An ancient founder inscription on woedes relief in the Mu’al- Jagah Church of Qasr a-Sam" (Gam') ip Old Caro shows how Jbedded in Egyptian Greek Chistian cate was this yen pom Sanetws woré-play (oot thet the cheat i aes to Chi) the ane ko weet Beoarbim ith rcs vics ‘Sigh ig as ha hare eae Lot, ven re ah 2 il of ior Ror fa ey re dpe of om et eis acompaloste Lad, ht hang Se etwas vse espesos sci em tured Exitos saps We FeBAS PE Ser Gus (Grunt = FE 3, (pee 12630. (comme, MK 389 = Pe 1102. (h0mall nis ee Cn, Ms 2022 ‘The Initio of he Seas no the Arahara 287 our mie ose you mer pled w be et ow obit Sih ot ns hs fo We Vin Cou ote Ma) 1V. Jews Anrecenents “The Chinon Hers! Sancta is rithr tht of the LX, noe ofthe syasgomue Qelsoh, no, ids is enact the sme 3 he arin Christian Santis reactions witness to by I Cement Const VU, 385, Vil, 1227, Aseros Sophites, Cyrvdohn of Jer salem, Ps-Dionpius, et, ll of which Wl be examined Belo. Bet the Jewish origins and Redationsgehihe of the text, by sear agement 4 biblical and Jewish Iurical pace crstaniach, have been sented in her studies) The focus of ou infest here wil br the interpolation of the Sancus ite the euaanse pear 3B, THE STATE OF THE QUESTION “Wien and wher, whence aed wh the Sanctus chant was ine polite into the anaphora as tng bet a mater of comsiderabe diggremen. According tothe Liter ponifal, it was intoduced into the excharnic Canon by Pope S. Sits f(s, 11S-129,09) a (3, Srvc, De sidshe Deke any Romie ‘Quai 1a) is aa Ta 6 Lam, Re ear preqrtenas gp (eno 190) Ueno, A neat, “be mohamed crak htc Line ess ‘tach i inogenrenchal 1 88 ‘is, Sanna hap 1; In-ear, Wen, Gets M.A saat, Tach ts prin ore Tre ero a on tenn: A"Quucacarea 6, Conlenent tector (hme 199) ied andthe wks hey ete Opt: Buco (fe Le ons Tom, non com snnlae, Pole tra 845, 92 190) Lhe se cme ts Teles, nap rida ea Sc ea2 fini we ean safely reepate to the realm of Abe) the Lider isa ‘iuh-century complain considered untae for the elie period Moce red accepted has teen the Fxypan conection: “There seems to be a generally Bel opision tht the Ineicton of the Sanctus into the anspor fist took. place in Epi. Whoever Sst roposed this theory in Ela it cesinly owes is authority tthe tings of Dom Gregory Dix."(%) AX fit Bs, however that too seems uli. erie in Uugialssge lets in the Ess «an be traced back 10 Egypt, an independent sor of place which szarally wea its own may liturgical, When it di sho comin ality itwas more likely to be with the West. Furtbermor, the rey xsene of two semingly inedible Sanctus redactions, he Egy tian and the more commen cae, mht seem fo bli ay atop to ‘nace the Sanctus back fo a eamon Early Chesan Ur ‘So we are let with hat Paul Marsbal justly als “the peren iat problem of the Sancts."(") The mature of this “perenia Problem,” the state of the question as emerges fom a review of the sours and indeed the reason ‘or asking the question in the frst ple, is based on these inconroverible faci: 1. Some of te eres! complete, ie, not fragmentary, extant snaphoras have n0 Senet 2 Proopesive of the aniphorl Sanctus first appears in the fourth centr, someina tetween ca. 317 andthe 30 ‘pending on how one reads the sources: by the lst de ‘ade ofthe fourth century i om in the evcharst is wide sread; only bythe ih entry i it an img part Of the ‘anaphora throughout the East, 2. When i dos appear, i is everytete inthe same place ia ‘he anaphoral stuctre, appurery indisting 2 ommon 4 Rati ound in two iredoribly distinct redactions, which ‘would contradict that commonality, (Pace Dukes airman of Le oh now 5, (G3. cunts, The dnaphra Sar Sy ip eopmon su 999) 128 so tie Na 972 8 ee (1) GD Tie The leon of he Secu nto the Anaphra 289 Propane to the net volume of my continuing history ofthe Lyzamte Chnsealom Avaptora (CHR). 1 have reviewed the Aone on ths question, wih te Following resus 1. Tue Eamssr ANAMORA ONLY A “PREFACE Aeady in 1938 Engbending ried tbe posi tha he pre sanctor of CHR-APSy¢ was one 2 complete prayer, condudiag With Selp tov dstvrov sizenoraiyes oo: wa poweel cou si 1 mines! oop 2 fle ~ For al his do we thank ou and your ony-bgoten Son and jour Holy Spin."(®) Other auors Feaune this Ispothes and develop tn te cote of ober each Fisio pesyer. Ligier, for instance, nos that this is a commen noah Aniochneiypefeale in ApComs VI, 381, 4) wher a Sinular hansuiving opens the Sunday blessing of God's works: Exyupiorobudy oot spl slvtov, Oforota meveoxpaop let xdvoe eo &il paves siapiovotyew Asmar summary ‘hankegsing, Lier contin, leo concider the charac paver of igihe ids, before the Intercession (1.3): Nd mveby ee: placcbuev cy dn Boas el: 9 Sa ele sole lave) In hie hypothesis he Enstaiow mums blo Would be @ lorem lim famed by te above pceral thanksgiving and the common concuaing acclamation EE byvonpcy: “In all and fr all we ytnn yu, we Bless you, we thank Jou, and we pray 4 You, Our God") (re sen rte = OC? $8 (99 A nd The Le oy a nso Tat Te ten ae on ox emmy De iad ua dl pt nd iprabece tueelegeaein ni pt cin lmeetiee Prices Grane hs GE 3 SH GHD) “CoCr wa SC 3644, B80 Co): abo et ES Br dd pres cy vn ih i ea (obec 6, TEAR, 29900, aE, comme, ME sso Ge 21014 be an ha Se Sia a oso sb Sb aha ao ete om{i castern anapboras the Sanctus, in tun, woukd be st tne fenschmert of ths sttie.) ‘Among other authors, to, there it more or essa consensus that ‘Me most primitive, orginal wach prayers Were sho legos ‘ained Benediction: without Santas, instuion nareate, or epics sis, comparable tothe Jewish Bikar ha-mazon, Didahe 1, an the aniras Siasbare 254%) even if Spiaks wih his sim Salary auton remains skeptical oat the ates 28 Nazne conden Us Sanctus an inlpolation ino both AM and Marnte Svat ae 1)! 91 Lin The Oi of he ude Poe: From he Ls Sp pert the Each, SL'P (19 leit, cay EN, TM 1790, 183. Cis et tnd M, Atue "ene dt fe arg eae ode ge orzo mon aye etl 3 (91 Go tes p80; WH. Bare Panky nd teeton ie Engen S Mok. WELS 19:12 Coke, tna ote Te soang tae Ta Kabat Sacco a Com and Pcie of Ets Bach AK Pays, Pele! Sues 95 (19) HEI, Recta Seg Ua; Rare, Onna Form 23.2: Fe Wien, Cie ena og bas ans sur Pars Sistarg Or. 286 nt asm Beco Mx, Ves (630. She ir Genco ‘end Haleie Rego: (London 1882) 25; I. Gnd hppaigar del pave aha. {hectic 61 (198) 3-2, or a saad Oh ee Seach on he orgs of the anapors we TH. Taste, Tee Bakara: rae othe ant Chrch aceon Reve Rea Resa on Re ‘Sesion SL Il G96) 138K: Gd Cia, Te fart Bacar ie sn Rot Recor DELS 18659, a hich mst sel he ols of Gina, Seat: Inacio Chen, Pape lope tacansapari dai “ex ran" (Asies 3, Rese pa 1989; 0 te at de leu dael pe sxhatne tot oe ls? Guts apc so wre hurt #1 hmm de os ‘olime, NRT 0s (380) 51-56 a, ort we ee PB ‘Hisenien ot reean La Aisoge de VEachwite ees Pee ef ‘tex crnds, U2 (930) a ODD, Stas 4 Compl Aneta? A Rot Shasburg Or 25% The Hosiap Towra 38 (98) 13, 01 Mont, maple morte de de Marit exaphore ‘mare die de Poe HY. Bade compan, OCP 38 (98) INA he AM ad ie Sao bat bees Bean ipa la ere Maui Sve te “Te nevi ft Smt ite te Anaers 2 1 Tue Sanctus AS Conewisow to te Punerive ANAMORA? ‘of spc lovance forthe Sanctus he work EC. Rall 1m 1950 he tured cuent dete on it Ned ima tghly reasoned fice whose echoes stil reverberate down the Halls of sce.) Rati tues as his point of depart The anaphora of Apirad 4 “Here i the text in qhston Sie tm Se ae maemo oft ogett siren erence So a coe ene aera emo iat sereocca eee es eee a once eae Soe ee eee eee oe eer Pec oatn acon sears a Seca te ee eee ane ee eer ee eras wu eae ae See a as og oe se ere uae oo eee een Cane ewe neo eae een a Sioeaear eee eer eee ame coeom Seeking 19 peel away the suppoved later aceon in oder to aie at the angina muses of this priser. Ratelif eld tha the Spit pits [4 is 2 later adition, Orgaly 4 precommunion| ‘braer forthe Sprit to come upon the communicants, he argue ‘as transformed into paper forthe Spits immission nto the coblnion, and interpolated sao the anaphor. Futer, fr Ratlil| the insiution nama was insane into an early page af thnks tiving previously coeipising eention themes suchas till Found ie the pall text of the pecsiness of ApCont VU, 12:8 The Tedactor would have suppresed te creation themes excep Fr the Seen he Soe nd then ad eh clea femnant an insthation account deava, perhaps, fom? wat me now call an anaresi (Thi gives us tm pPred thanksgiving payee In which segment [2] apa 4) are sbimizated This hypoties leaves ws with an abeuply-ending perseaph (3) And provides no smooth teansion to paragraph |S), nor, according ‘to Rati, does the thought of LB] anger complet wih is eal pins. So he urns 19 Comali’s proposed revoversion of the Grek, bated on dpCout Vil, 238: eigeporatvees on Boks cnfiacns fg focdve eve 60 wat lpaseiny 21.0) ‘Re lit proposes to subsite Aacowpv for igpmaie, $0 that the Feuovesioa would be aapaatdwn fond ane wel ettoupit oe. He argues on the basis of LXX pares in Dt 108, 165-7, and Air Old Latin equivalents edsteadstare coven) Hn wbish "Wo sang tefore the Lavd™ is combined, im ltrs contexts with “10 minister" (ins, “This in ur, gives Ratli aclue to whit might aye flowed 4m the Unext. Ih Theootian’s, Grek of Dan 7:10, te two wer te combined in a context of the heavenly worship of the ngs owes: “lua yihdes @acoipyow eed nal wip pres ep ttowfitouv ip - thousands of thousinds miner to him and Imytiads upon mins sand before him. ‘Dt such a pastage i 2 topos in Sanctus intodoctions, which in ‘enain eastern aris like 4pConst VIL, 12270 and Saapion ate daetshet Rar Se aw USE age e950 36195 ~ (36 Se “The Inula of he Sct ne the Arava 295 line more van a conflation of Dua 70 and Is 63.08) “This found as carly as 1 Clement 34:54, withthe phrases of Dan 710 tranmpoved into the order tn which they are found in Dt 108 and 16 and i dpTrad 4: “gratis apne quia os digros hab adr coam te eb} miniairare™ (90,1 in text ited be Rati soes in this transposition, which fvors tbe levicl or prety terminology of Dt a Ttupicring ofthe txt to expres the ‘ion of men and angels the erly and heavenly creation sanding togsther before God and offering hin one write sacce of pals Ta the next sp this pas, now a conventional formula of thank diving would Rave aac 1o it the biel Sans, whieh hat time mould lave fomed the conclusion to the eucharistic graye. Already in 1929, Ratcliff ad proposed that Adda and Mari vas ‘an interpolates, JerslemizesAmioe form of to old Edesone chaise Prayer” in which the Sanctus wih it inuoducton and Falosing tannin, as well a the epi are ster additions) ‘And in # aoe on the anaphoras cited by Nasi i his Lane! Haniles 17, 21, and 32, Rast detied in Homi 32 the most ancient te" of Nestorian anaphora") & primlive payer of thanksveg-cam-embnyonicepiclesis ending. wilh the. Sanctus.) ‘his text, long with Homily 27, an intermediate type ec“ varston: al and experimental phase” with thanking Sarctvepicen, 8 in Cyadoba of Jersslem. Ca 4, 6, Raclif sees as © transitonl age om the wap toward "the developed Greek type” described ia Heri 7- haksevingSarcu/aaration of Jess! economy 8: ‘ation insung the stitution native intersssionsconserton eps equenes. 9) That thse feeachig changes envsaped by Rati could have scared in sich ay suecesion is highly walk, and Spinks as Gemolshed several hey butesses to Rais eeostcton, pe ‘ally ering Nara’ omy 32, where U believe Spinks i ore in sting the pasige buf th ction) ae refering to the Soca (PE 5800, 289, Cheri: Oneal Form 3 (Conarum, Ne 2, (item Comet, Aaa. (yraraine Nae 3h heaves Naatey anc commanion cl, otto the Sanctus of the snephore (8) For ‘ood measure, Spinks also changes Rallis view ha the prising form of AM lacked both Sanctus and epics (°) ‘As for Ratelits attempted reconstitution of the Urform of the Arad 4 anaphora, M.A. Saith has wiced the ciel ebeetion to 4,0) 1s bihlywnhely that any rodactor would have exclu an lady existing Sancus once the tation of ending the anaphora ith this Wii hyran was already in place. Sith adc in up. ort of is view meen discovered anaphora like Epiphani Which Bore dates beeen 430-08") and Theodore of Mopsues- Wiss anaphora cied by oth Nerah, Horny 17,2) a6 well in ‘Cyn of Elena's Explanation of the Pash V, 10.) Bata thee ‘anaphoms flow amoothly from thaekssving to institution naalve wit no intervening Sancns. Since these tei, unite Testament Domi 3,23, ae not pTrad 4 derivatives, they greatly stegthen the argument forthe eitence of ance, cere anaphora pees ‘comprising thanksgiving aston epiclsstefere the appearance uf ‘be Sanctus as an integral element of he anaphora stucture Buti 29, Seas. 4 Nae ot the dnaphors oui dn Nara Homily NIMH rs 51 sen 3253" (C)Seons, Ongia Form esi Reva, Origa Fem (Sven detralreontd #2630 {CG Gare, Un ope ec rte armies Pion de eat ov sneha Mu 7 (190 297-10: Grek etn th ‘phar 29899, Lae am P2043, or Pages ‘raptor incanse a 5" Bsphan, M73 C9) HC: Rene ‘ter of Be Aap 730: Engi nb at pad reco ted rR He ENRON, Za chien Ean te A (iba tase (a rapmens oe pei nat) 3, (3S etn A Me elders homie amin t (oto 1905 264 vane. Coan Nara eT WoW E Macouaet ix Busoni of te Leal ease by Crs of Edens (SCO 388385 = er 135 Lara 197 eat 34; we 4.50." is acapornwe WF Novos ps Pro ‘boul by Thon of Mepis Pare de Ponca 69 WTS lo ‘ehh fee im pul clues both Spa tas Car ant Cor et ‘rat aan 304}, and comats on he sue ofthe Sane 4) AS Mcombe sts (40 ste Tt San no a em ae ek San Seaport The 6 Moparia (PE SHA) Seale Se The nue of he Sno oe Anherh 5 thot iss, then Rati porhesis thot the Sanews was oiinaly the conclusion of primitive euttartie prayer compnsine ony the thansiving, ll Following Reel, G.A. Mitel hay age that the anaphorsin use in Cappadocia under bishop Fimlan, which Fiona rele to ina leter to Cyprian, writen cx, 256 ani exam in Copia, Ep. 7, 10,0 was an fnvocation of the Tarity Uhl conta ith te Sones. ¢9) Furthermore, comiues Mice, is tat is probsbly the tltrian pro aom med nthe presanctue of BAS. Mie hells thesis as aceptd by W.E, Pit who ted to show the Sependenes of BAS on TAS and AntocheneSousces common ao 12 [AM for portions of BAS (nsttationepcesi judged toe Inter a sions 1, Tue Pron oF Mer00 What is one 19 make of a thie? Wha indosd. Tan ight ito The fourin century some euchastis prayers bad xo Saacas i ‘oven fact. ht that docs not nosesrily monn tat he Santas sas alvays interpolated as a fori body imo single, homogeneous suaphorl prayers ofthe pra 4 vary. Nor, othe other band, oer the existence of rich brisf coherent prayers of pale and thanks ke Diache 10, Sirebourg 254, the preci of CHR- ‘APSye fe, mean that is ll sere 1 the carly eucharte ane ‘hora Who isto sy that such prayers could act ave been fal Towed by an insitwion/ananneis emboli so seceosped almost ffom the star that it could be left w spontaneous improvistion OYCSEL 3818 Op he wet ae A. Bou, Fm Frid fF ‘la, The Evin ofthe Euariaie ray fom On roman 0 trite es Cab Ueto Amex Sti Chan Anti 2, Wagon BC. 14h) 1 (}0K: Meni, Fmitan aad Fuchs Coevation JTS 5 (150) (6) he Onno the Anpath Latin of ou EH 1260) ue296 without ar of abeaons? Dit not Joachim Jeremie propose that the New Testament isttution actounsaieady tray spn 9 te Leal standrciation?() Tx simp wot leita, therefore, to omsder 4pThad 4s a mode” ery, coherent anaphory, «ie oF prayer whose intepity would laier be violated by he more or les flumsy intrusion of the Santos, Probably a more relic par Aig, slower to what the sty dovsopmens were acl ie, is te futeware quit of Addl and Mar or the Eyptan pagers hich Seem to have devcloped bit by ta a proces of goal evluion 16 deserted by Ligh, Klimarn, Wegman, and others) ‘At any rae, beleve tal ar far as posible one must tty with ‘he texts a they are, because iis impossible to avoid Tage eee Of sibectvty in juaing whether oF ots tsation 1 the Sanctus is smooth or rough, whether one text follows Inge upon smother ‘ox dos et, whether th pach-seams of 3 later interpolation are vs ible ort, ete, Coming sys of Addai and Mar, “EC: Rai in is mous are of (929,) showed fo everyone's sition that the Sanctus Was later snterpoltion.") hg to ifr, a dacs Spinks, who sys of Ratify theory tha “Ia nol neon {o ative at such onetson,"() despite the perl apresment hat opinion has received () Eatior im the sme atc, Spinks cn ‘tats apropos of AM some principles I Believe are aplcable ina 1s mada, acs the boar: 17 chr Wore of Joie (amon 1966) ch 3 pain, em vos ise he wots of Lows, Kusasn, Waa ced in rae 24 Te Ratu, Cnsial Horm (G1 Cownay The Hoty Euchre Larger tm Reon Resch OVSPMES, Orit are 17, Moat sent, ike atin exes his viens on tl (ni Sonu S- areas Sours 166 steal Suna 7, a eer abbas wo Ii his sew: Orv, tmpre hce der apes OCP 15 (1989) 2595276 cop, 26, 21h, 18; I Pro de neh ree Apis il Mar 08-10 198) elds ep. 994 9, Te Bovre facts 90, 194 Dx, Constration Pajero Spe ae {above Toss adam, Som the Last Sop the Bachar in Shes ely The ew Linn (enon 19%). 139, Raves, Onin “Te Inteplion of the Sno info te Asien 297 ete enum ait he an nt anh hn SS poe pes oman en hy. ‘Thi alo apps othe ek of ea Sure chap ne ‘ovis iy tn tome pete fat hatin erase Pe 6 lve cont eae bon in ear fale cusp ois Ba ave ail cetera ed ‘rela foe shat ne Woe Donley tt {eum Raf sumed tt he sr Earle Pre wt ‘tgs os sate. Sica sno no emely and The ‘Bit hasnacon ich many reed the pe of payer and es priver wih» ange Dolo tl ee Asa xm a Base seen ese Be Den mae or the pre nae 0 ‘ng mary 2 Cristaniand ers te BL hana a it ‘ert come thes hie nh mth Doss 6 Taia Sree pot 7. remake Pree ves hn at onidertie enh suis at “Amer wana ye pep Hien ead cociadet "he graye and tanking” Apo C6, The ll may at be witout wpuence Tre a pon sean ‘Resi gy nn he Apso le ‘eruence of teeta whch cae es it rds teen the aro seion ay wall be the peyer open which fhe redacte.of the Recs: tes foc at werk Poiap te eae Arter of eosone Dao, wh ha ded wen eee ar ‘von ons hi era ey cet fe er Spink refer ere Fosse The Rita Homain, wish (Que Renen new a 1 (120) 4, scene. Bo ‘Ser we 3 tones Prayer the Fld Bam nd Paton ri Now Yor 197) 203 {e)Seeks, Or iron 1501. Spink es th cole J.P, A sex. Lens fom and Cones of ¢ Momal Buca he Fr Co an Suds gg (FU Bet 199) Se eons de the pels! pata ote orzo 2 comm tee fein esse) we of man Smet a fom he Gene Ipming we i whee tno Tragon of pps an Aiea we gt song oreion ta tas ave Sharad ply. "Nast ss ner ming oe Hae. mae rou oe hd oar Teetcg a uiwoomues of ihe leary ome of te sacent aprSimi srciwes from seholrs sock a Heinemane(*) and Horta, (*) and seconded by Giraud for the anaphora") ws the same cave: here: ii extemely dicot contract cominealy the supposedly “original form” of a tet fom internal evince alone, with arguments from largugs, fo ably or from the Srnootaess or not of anions beween pss Tht i epi ly tue of text so subject wo reweekng af one f the most commen and fondamentl prayer-forms of Chsstendom, the euchuritic an hora, Tn order to anes the, the gvestions posed By te existence of th Status and the theories sounding thar relation, or at es to asorain what cin oe eanaot safely be resolved witout oven ing the bounds of leptimate,dat-bwed spciation, we mut look to the Ristarcal evidence THE SANCTUS/BENEDICTUS IN EARLY CHRISTIAN USAGE Le Severus (Cuisians wee, ofcourse, filar wih the biblical Trsgion of 14 63 or ts derwatives long before mea prove they wedi in the service of the Low's Supper. We fiod it ia Rev 48, 1 Clement Ms, Teton, De oatione 33, and the Martyrdom of Pepe end Fels 122, befve tomers fm the anaphors. Christians. dol les alo knew ofits Kui! ase in symagage worship at morning ayer, where iis sill feand inthe Brkajtsr or opening, bene icvon of the Soma” rack”) Wasi lo wed io Chinn laray eye wil careening maa nth ace of the spinon ‘esr en she syaponie hod gal ee nad oe (0m oe ie noe Se ahove PULA Horns, Mon he Teal Hale Appoah wise ‘Geta Lerten Cais Se, mine 198) 3 (Gian, Sn 2089, an fr he Sarto 38, (re devin ins ie rowed Rey, Warnes, Gents ang Sots Sires So the Ute ty ce. The Qua “he nero of te Suet it the Ansare 28 befor it fourth-ceatry appsaranc inthe anaphrs? I, how a Iy? And wher? 1. The ew Testament In Rov 4611 3 the “four living crus later we Devore symbols of te four evangelists, who chant the angelic hymn ef the Ieveny Iitey cxebrated cemelesly before the throne of Ges: ‘gett Aad he fury eee enh 9 hem th ‘Sin al fey al oud ars nd day a8 gh hey ver ene sng fs hay hn he Lan Gad ah aided & ahd S comet" 9 And wheter he Ug Sees $s Wy aod honor and hae him ho ston te ees ‘ho ies Tr ever and eve, 1 te vena el. ll down ‘Rl hss woo mcs Gu he one ad tet i et ot Ser and ever ey eat thar cone the those, Sap I= Wory ato, our Lad and Gao coe sod ont Si mer fi eg aby ye oe 2.1 Clement (ex 95-96 4D) Not much Iter, 2:95:96 AD, | Clement 4:58 cou als be underatood as refering to a lite! contest, though this is dis ued) the symonve My fm te Pe: 1) he Yet oF Se rg te ‘sedotiee cf mersing pape bul he tbe gare of Ne Som” (PE 5,2 ot the te pen of the Jeunes PE eS), 3 te ‘Griston suas oe f morning pj teny the fo ee Semel san is tek th mie he sed eaten AD “o}dn he Snes m he sour, tx Kean, Te 1, 19-50 no tutes the Sencar Cet Sere fe Hw! tay et 6 Mis lot, 7 Clot aed te “Sanc", We $(9S1) 20448. an Us ‘eimion anders mown of radio macho inlet (oh ie, ‘out he uly tn avn the ile ses ob pay an ‘ining ay se Eicne eof he eure, ough not fr hat rs S'S Klonan arr In natn an esto! onan y 0‘Ms. Lt our ang and ue coaence aps] be in Hom Iie Lt ject onsen Soh i Ta a fier te ‘ole multe o an bow hy instr fo he wil sag Tete tim Gusomyeio saxotag, For he Sgt are “ato ied emoaerht hto wan ‘Hounds minions (aaipys) so and chit ht toy Lord sald the tte en Ul hs gap” Aa les wo, tern tpt sn ee pln, er Conca oh ee Yee out Nan asset hat me ny tc es 1S pat at ers omen Fb oye ha a pa fr thes: who Soni hin” (1 or 3, " ere the eschatological context, aio sen above in Rev 48 who Was ands 1 come") is revealed et nly im 3:7, bak especially by the variant “who await him” i 348 ovr agus! the evs cp lus of 1 Cor 29, “who love him.” From M7 ane could plausibly sue Furia conta, to. 23. The Pabso of St. Perpetua and Feliias (te Inde) (CIristne Mobimann doos see & definite tur echo in The Marron of Sais Perper ad Felts 122. hoe the marys erecated probably in 205, are depcied as describing thc reception i eaven: “Et inolvis et audivionus vocem unitam deren: “Asjos, aos, is. soe cesatone."). In Ths Lai tent th ine of Gres instead of Lain fr the Sanctos eet for obra is tui! use in Grek others. why fat ced in Laing) Asin urge! interpretation, Powever, fhe fact that hee, ana inded in all tes txts itis the sven choi not the Church, ‘Which ehans the eet Ayn) Cas Be ey, Palo se Pepe o Flats | Njocgon 1930 33 lena de gh nH. acs, Tete afte Ce ‘Mars (Ont 192) 21. Thoeh the ees Oe, many ele te Tain ew he are a andlor td the Cra ft a taston af he ar va fim Bee, (6: Matta Linewea! Latif Orgs and Chara (Wes Ines DeH5 es (VG. Karon Ame Aber zur Gah des Onotetontss 1, Serb ar aur and Hoge ita 4 ‘The Inerolin ofthe Ske toe Anaphory 3) 4. Teraian (post 220) Teraian, De oraione 3.3, bs & ste exchatlogcl sense, but no tinea ont ly inated (i [eos enpam.iowmsona oon cent dee an ‘Seu ss Pr rt wen topo rere SSS, ie aos Bah sexo 5 hum ee ‘Soe sbi 5. The Te dew (th) “The Sanciut i also part of the ancient Latin Te deum nya, nich dies tothe Bit Pal of the fourth coatry AP not eae 1c stomam par om era venertue Ti oer meet ec ier tenes {i heat serbia tour prodamant Simone nme enna des satan lst sac ore as ie fa.) [alee sce behind this Te deum redaction ofthe Sanctus & second eotury Latin Inugal Saou first reed in he ld La ver sion of | Cleat) ‘Noe thst i all thes texts (1-5, he ile Sanctos is adres to God without finer speciation of pens, cacept fr the Ze ‘eum wher he is called Falbar. Tae neat text (6, however, expl> Giates the wintaan nature of the Godhead a the bass of the freely hymna. 6, The Sac dts of John (0 €) Rat has drawe auction to the epic se of tne Sanctus in the apocryphal Syrite Hiory of John the Son of Zebedee) sai in ty preset form tes fom the mie of the four ce tary or shy theveae #) ‘The Sanctus, wih the Chen ir ycce 1258 (ehicesan, Te ara 15.26, come (Sts tng LH: Comets Te Ora Lana fhe Sie ses of Sy JTS 8 W907 209201so el loss “of whote praises fase an cart ae fal” bot without Bens is found in conjuction with te coming ef the Spit in ‘he corsecration ofthe i and water of bps ah bss the of ithe sgn of the eos, saine tics “ty se be ad te So sad Sit tlc, Ann ~ ‘ad aguante tts a dake oe feats ta wi pe ere a ee Ine “Hob hl hb Ladin Sn wn soo oe ‘Sat he my fo naw he pe 2a pe ‘eh ae Raeaneo heSxioh Attn ree Aen” adhe pee ae Nee? ‘te ng eS ‘er him And John ei ar them," Amens ht MRE Jn the stcond narative, when the oi) and water are conscated ‘oper, the States is ibe to the assembly. {ets Get Ah, ety Sito min oe a won he ice whith ramunded or Joan.” Ant in that how he Marea fir over te lysed th ving ibe angel were pad ove Lie and ihe whe asembugs way ein ow. en and omc ed ste, it hl ay, Lard nih of whos pas be ad ‘rth arf" Aad sigheay the aa wa en nay Note these fou points 1 the titan sense f the Sanctus 2 is ae in algal peayer of eonseration 4 and in an explicitly trimaran epicitie coment 448 the heveriy angele chant sung. also by the people 1M. Twe Savers watt Beneoicrus 1. The Aposctic Contains V1 fe. 380) But even if some ofthese reernces could be taken aria, ‘hat would no warrant assigning them to fhe chars as pont ©, ne, The Awl eof ted Pe Si Fes The Entsh Tram (noses 18 42 589 SSSR inctaoa mai sons ae ze The inurl 0 the Sts info te Anators 303) shows, This antology of Greck texts from Autiocbia — je, the feel around Antioch though ol ts metros sl, apparent HO = dates fom around the year 380. Tn one of the Benediction of Jowi ang in the Judco-Csian anhoogy of prayers in tp (Cons Vil, 353, we find the byron addres to Cody “orator and Lon..." (V1, 35:1, though Christ (VI, 350) ‘And ely Serpe he wine Chea, swag ‘eben te ion (he tev a se noe ‘Gofpnog vols sy anit by, bl Lord Sala sen and ‘or oe a of ro" Aad the lsc of ier or Sie sesame ams ian. ripe, acre. po (tin ot sy “Bee he ly of he Lard a is oe eee Hore the Sanctus is gga as in the synasoewe Yate) a conjunc tion with TNX E313. ~Bleus be the glory ofthe Lond from his ode." Av Weiner note") this Yover form of the Sanctus ith AC 12 fe found in Aserion Sopiner at walla im Ps-DionSus, The Celestia! Merarchy VIL, 40°) ‘This makes a strong cise or Seeking inthe mapegve bags, and oot justin the Bible, the of bos of the Chssian Sapcls/enedicis Furthermore, J. Magne fine pointed out() that as cay a the Book of Enoch 36-14, an apocryptal apocalypse ffem the send ceniury BC ery popular fatmong Civsiaes im the ft three Christan centres, we find a form of Sanctus cum Beneicus that woukd hive been Gaibar (0 Chistian Ie tue ype and xl be ame of te Lt of spite henge Span pig: “ioe Mean may He fe COVF. van me Pare, Zar Gece der Mofiuncin dicta wd Konsaingpl pg Bade ds vr abnor der One be Jekoone Cinor (OCA HT, Rome 970) 105, 19856 1, ‘eyse pare, (CVPE 37, 4. Tow the dae of is synegse Goths nt er tain (EL, soon, bere Geant te ech Bet “sg it et Fat 183] 38) gps tack the it cay Krenctn Sado 1 nt hun Lantos 1a tare ote aR. Root tase su ss Han, wae er Me Gasntisc Gade SC Sis, Pa 19 18 [opt Asap (ete 26 shove) 16,at ee el fore o wt heh a ietts erertacser ee Teams ee eV ae aire opis Caer Freres ear “Those who sep not” are the angels AS Ihave showa eewhes in Syria Chestanity those who seep not, the “watchers” oF "vig, fry," isa term vsed both ofthe angel, s here, and, by extension, of | the manastcs who lve the “angie Hi,” which i contary to Poplar opinion, i caled “angelic” not just beease monks tae angle cominenee, but abo berause they ite te angels ur Iupied prayer (7) So the Sancs with some form of Benedict, ‘oth ina Tirpical conics, and generally addressed to God without Aistincion of persons. ot the Father through Crist as cerainly Fimilar to Early Catians in te pr-Nicene period. ‘Av any ate, we find the eucharite incu’ Benedics together forthe fist in he famous “Clementine Anaphora” of pom YVnL 1227, but in slighty eifeent form ffm what ve sw in AlpConst Vil, 383, ted above i no, 7 of this scten This, how ‘ver, nol the east anaphora! sppsarance of the Sancts isl a {quesion 19 which we mnt now ur, D. EARLY ANAPHORAS WITH NO SANCTUS ‘Tre is as yet n0 consensus a6 to when the Sanctes fst ape bears in a eucharistic amapbr.” The problem aie nthe fis place from Its absence in several witetes Obviously, one must ‘exclude from eonsieaton possi incomplete wires like Sina CORE, Ota Gd) The Aparna a Peep of te Od Tenuno, vo: Padprpia (Oxon 1919) 21 uaa ie ee Sapa adh, EDR Tar, The Lr ofthe ous in aad Wer, The Oris of the he Oe Migr Tota Clie Minn 8) 1316 os Insolion of se Smt it the Anabors 305 bows Gr. 284 which have 20 Sascws.(%) Furthermore, the are ‘mentum ex sent s not protive In descriptions of the ies, Shick mayo may aot be commenting on all is aspecs. So 1 shal ‘rescind also fom commentaries ike Pe-Donyaan, The Fleas: a! Hierarchy ML, 3.1-12,0 oF The Episte of James of Besa to Thomas the Presyier(%) her of which mentions the Sones svhen eicvting the anspor. lel he absence ofthe Sonetes ia several anaphoras complete cooush to have shown the Santas if There were one is proba. The ess Ihave been able to urn up others may emerge at river inthe Feld proposes 1 Ts a thei probe chrooloial ores 1. gpa 4 tom ca 25.09 2 Rte inte Galler Mile Gah (a. 680.70) whieh in te Croom, KCaniwr wouid ace ask Io feutheeuny Musso Cindy uae mabe Sine) Tonge Camber da Ingen mats re ot ays ene ino, ew does 1. The ice Pomona Domi 1, 23.04) The Sas the mig the corning Eine cotinine 1 ab fetes enganl ince of ts aap) ‘he te ur sry ft centry anagors sib 6 Thee ee f Mops 281) Mis Progen Vd sd by A. Mal om a nen This Slo Now alas Lite curse pve teed 1 he Rta ‘Conon asa 9 ssc, Sobel alan ae Dre oven (hfe tba «ro 20m, hbncruss st hoor tates FE a {SC Mah ak R217 ee Savas norcees na hopaub (elke Quien ene itor dy cen Ona i babu, ) Nice G00, Pacha loa Sen oo Caeser od ‘uch aetna 109) 16K ao, (6 apne ee Jen Ci UE. Ramune, so0y at ea "EN Beton, ean Domi hip ton ef trator oman 14 1671 ‘ect ne 4) abethe uit of he ary a Non ‘Theat contain tm Sine) 6 The Atubhon of Epphanis of Sami eu 4-440, 6 7 The Eliopion Aueporso€ Oxe Lon! lets Chi, hi as no Sanu inte mst even ou he tat hs hen caine te ‘eon ofthe tin he pea Cato Mano E EARLY WESTERN WITNESSES TO THE SANCTUS IN THE CANON “Tout only the easter evidns,gnelly ace a ator tothe wetem, wl cone os dic er, may Be sel ft tt the ares Westen Wine I ave alady cacoumed the temp of the Lr poate dae the Santis ite Roan Ganon Misa bck 16 the uly eon cent.) THs moves he cates. unzsaate waster everest the ith cen, thud there rson to doubt the Sanctus had need tas Lai osha as ety asthe forth cntry even ifthe viens ma femain somenfat hypetetc list the witness tp Samed) erate! one: 1 Kale tele heat Lain 7 deme ich nes th ini Sr don ty eon ee peices. tat wold i eS Soak oo Sean he fn half fhe ure entry) ue Gnber in fr, hs enmere te Galan and Mors ‘ANE Easier res wt he Scan tan al pt to Bal ext. He mold te hem tote nh ene). 2 (ome a9 223, sig SBS Sa Bt acd 1S nt 8 sie. (ainda re aan 199) 6; 6 PED. Tew no Se seen baer E76 159 {sant fn ata read fo Kem. Sade 10-8 HE a i an fa Bab) be Gases (esa Te dbo $39, 6691, 1114 Mas CHR Cr, harrsge eB ahr) 19. The Inratiin of te Sint ot he Anaors 307 5. May 484, Vicar of Wi, the Nar Ata chr Hsin ‘rte bony of he penn fhe Vans ue Sh ag ‘Gemercand Hunt nh inde North Ae in se wae Sih ut of Hing ber Augie tm Sad th towing ear Compl som palin 4) he os po ‘Scunons fea poise 10 Gl, 5) erste te se Sol ia rie) Sain cmd «pan ih ‘etic i sn som lie pe, alten ‘Shai et mapas, et ster ee oy ee meld enc wns ncurses ora ‘om Tee an ara pei data svdence ‘he ama! Sous fhe Wek.) «4 Wherever the weer Sten ase hd hows, te Nath Aan ay itm Roe. Kir Cs og entry acing to he rectoig ln Gua, Conacin mevopuiun ot Aes fom 50352, cs tbe Gyro ie raps Sone ni ac, Boa a Stn somine Do) 6 Even more neriag i aon 30 he Coe of Von ice ‘isa Vii Sep bt pst the eerie provi As. Th lal spd hed an Novenber 8 519, wes ed ‘herby te sae Care Canon 3 Serene ah et the ‘Sips obit ina eae a pote mise howe a a ‘Piatt, sou in is que pro eincorum commenoraone Fs sper Seat sts mayo dis gad ieldeanis vou eam de coe posi di vs ba (9 ¥ltr is peace a have ten te ibn of Vi cea in tne rorkommar corre th ovine of yates ie Dee a Ae (Growany Tan we Fit ae C Meat, rae ar Chas nt Lane 965) mp 72, bathe Sealy pea ‘artnet hue es a, on Scorn tenis Vita soar py a an ene (Rome 58) 03.0, (©) Costa (ee previous no) 360, (hese 770 (3m rinkches Bucur aes dem 48. Jehu, KL 74 (0961018 p08 (epee 1607i pote pn") tn te of ie ania te sn “mi” [eet scare open Ca and tas pr) i ovouty ie cua tha rat hee "And Tage sa ec at oy enw he ec dalla ears a ths ening of the Penge ret afer be oan a aed ma") (1 be contd) (1G, Moms 5 Caeses rey Arcinst opre oni (Mandan 194d) i #7» Moat 7 (1) Wher i aon he Mast ca nh any tug fy he sas or a ual uit of he inne Oi: numerous exp “hoe Te Litgy of he Hus on ata Wes (te 7 ave 94, 108, 1049, 16 11819, 17, 10, 15,189, 18 CP DORA Zam 6 “domi cxchamenran’ ale huge se BL 33 (199) 810 J Doce "Mn itrater Fach bt om ert Deer Commedia, AG £ (138) 19.213, Iae edn Zeemonen it Mehta Ite, min eae. und wiper tack tune AC 6 C40 81132 Fume Due dine oon Hina = Ae TO soy 0-39: Gaveh, ia E98 (Se) 85 J, Mua rome (Sica pati e sis 4, Repay 1970) 170-6, .A nen ar Bnuteeochcue de Wor "mae ZK 6 (840) 2637. toes i235 th 85, 06; cnn, Wo tnd a en wie A Fede Biche fi das slot? 19 83 W901) 821-40; A Pacts, Tomi se, mss a by A oo erica semana (i ‘ea atu conepornea 7, Nema Freee (97) Tae, Mans Go Adar VC 2 (959) 6-982 ©. Rarasnen, Cher ne nd tee Dewan ces Wore “aa, TO 7 (489) SB1-357: ee (Miele mat, PL 53840; Kates Sen 18 The Interpolation of the Sanctus into the Anaphora: When and Where? A Review of the Dossier Pant 0) 1 many of J Rens. (Vee. Cochin {Stand Stn 391.000 Rome, 19 VIL 109) Jn Part of this sted 1 ica the pecisory of te enapho- ral SancuaBeedicus, some of the ripe etpriant theories, jn ‘gue cancening i pristine place and purpose in the cucharst hd (Far Ba J se OCP 57 990 281308 tien AM = The Fs Sym Ana of te Apostles AB and Ma oe MAC us Aon rh pont = Lee Cana elie ob Mra Tome Lies HSC ah Pa 185, Tome 2: ves HEME (SC 29 Pcs 180), Tome jr Lives VV SC 36, Pat 138. arsine Sn Aono eTocs An ‘hits als Qual fr de Geniche der Crore CEncertheolowsce St, Tae 967 ‘84s = The Byaie Listy of S. Ma Gol a y-BAS when i ‘ied cojton wih Coie AS of FAAS *ExyptanGreck BAB, ‘cus Tee Byrn Lig of Slo Chao JAS the tin of St Joes We Grek econ vole thew pci (ae PO 262) Kn Soucl = W. KSI Sich of Ani: Sano he aie1 the carest witness to is emergence in the West all of them, appre, later than the eaeet easter ites. FF EARLY EASTERN WITNESSES TO THE SANCTUS I the eastern witness ar anterior Jo the western, i is by no means clea which among thom i the celist. dee thee Is mone than one contende fr the pevzge of aving introduce the Sane "us imo the anaphora Within cach tudilon disused ~ Palestine, Expo. Syria, Cappadocia, Mesopami ~ U aall consider the ev ence forthe anaporl Sanctus ia more or ls the chenoegkal order of the wiesss, howph of cours te Wate of a wines othe anaporl Sones isnot acess the date of i ntrplatin ato the exch, but only the fst ime we see thee {fe Homies athe Pan onrseen 2 Keron Dag ecctie Ne 4 Gia 1950 ae atin, Nave drier = Ge Reenewean, Neve Aree ur ‘Pee des Outen I: Jalach lr Lg id Hone Fis se Kamen Skee fn, Sus fabinlchn Tenshi ‘Gera rr biorsehcn Tack: Tenge 19, Macon lal an Mar = WR Mace, Te Oe Known Tet of 1 aghast OCP (90) re ws thrugh the Hy Spint So tt bah of these. who ite mons SRE sm rh ee {0s noe odode Fae, Sn se il of eb {unt on Far ate Se eho eo ‘orc hf Sn ney he es ify Sor: Gah ts ey hs Si ne i Sai a og ee ecg of Ga fa ‘ean, wien in he Cpe Snes og eS pe dees nh or de tne ats esi fon“ net Sar ig ay Sab ‘Sen tw hm sw Ueto Wien Coa Ht sp tho pose Fl Si 14:34) So then ve mst undead hos the Sons wn mace kaos th Fer esha oso ol ee ae ane he Moa Rt fae Seti th a cal “will Po 3:8). 0%) a (0) Tres sdsped fo 6. We Burton Org Fs Prin (ons 1986 3233 mae fom te of Ravn 68 £2 Oona “Te Inerpltion ofthe Snes it te Agha ORIGEN, De prin IV. 3: My Hebrew she aa ww tele flor: ce the bene of hee al ego te competent hy ay et om Ln fs Cie he ai Splat wa he rnn why Wonk ke tte ang oh slo nat ape thio Seas nj ho imo ne lve the i of God wh cover Me and wth ta cy {ap one tamer nd sin “He, ba, hal the od of (he hls ofa of po glo” Is 6-29) Sine the tno Sem ‘hin lve tae tl ag ver he en of God nn ve hs fe rh tec tre steno ey a {ecm win now he Sis al thins andthe ads he Sane 8) S34, ther Lain fom the are ream OnE Tra des Ponce: WCwourts Me Sumer Tos 12. Les FSC 252 E50 far 979), Tors as Laer ILIV (60 26:26, Pai I hoy las “Dat ae Heb ror god ate Sea Sows ss son donne Shar, de siento 8 Se ‘Sino sot ligne No a pcan tw ad = ao rtacum tice misread ron Seems de Crit ce pita snl eat etre Orsi S= {E'S pu, cme sy eta eco coroner Wambo te ‘Scie pupa at animal le en, sce det Sane Sie em Seo tur ls temo na pares has Sn ser irae, Meena em Ge spa asco ek po fan, cm Aut uae deport ns sen te preae a ale oeS res lcm de dans pr ‘teow dni commana saat ae nga cp pace Gp aw ad apmlo tdhc mal hao gue tr oe sod fo ptt ds mad caper cr atom ener par pis hc (qu pare pred Hes chia ya, SAE iy pd ot i mt ten Fest su ou wt Sparen Sr (0) Trans aed om Borer Gee evs ste 314 on 82 fu we hn a a to 3 282 ‘on goiter st sade do les Coc ‘Sire, Ge gu in opr cera de, dnb ter ees inborn cama ad tuo so eres Sonera 708 ‘Sine Sah len ur an a sot Quod ere la Seto i ae fe ec tn oso2 Even a supercalcomparion of Ssraion-MK with Crigen re ‘als th sing sinilaties From ths conGontation, ix deduced the folowig: |. Both Origen and Ssripion-MK sess the tno Seaphim of XX 66:3, am Exypin trical pocllany: Andechens ‘ype anor sy men the Seapine Both Origin and IK apply “the living tings (a = eai- Alig” of the LXX pashal cance Hab 3:2 0 thee Sanctus Seaphin.(") 4. Ongen and. Seapi(") both cite M&_1127, “No ove ows the Fater but the Soa and anyone to whom the Son chooses o fees! him,” ia the onien of the Sone 4 There ise cose remance between Origen's Aletandian ‘exegesis of Is 6, it which the two Seraphin are dated 48 the Son and Holy Spit who alone san comprehend the Fates, and the whole tenor of the Egyptian Senet scting ‘vith its emphasis onthe Father a8 Raown and reves Soup the Son snd Spr From Origen himself we len that thi is #Jadso-Chisia exe tess, on he adopied as is satdard techn in the ced pss and chewhere as can be sen in his semi fa Iv om. 12, alo xan ony in Lats) a5 wl inthe clique of Onga's view Jerome's Commentary at high Th vi, 61-80%) and ie Cyn of ‘Slenandia, Commentary ot Zaiah, BOOK I, Oraio 4 on ts 6:1 30) Kecachmar sj this material wo a thoroehgoing ans ia his stmdy of eacy triton thealgy, He, to, motes wih Dis tha Tonite oa ote Chon ees fH 3:24 eR. Grove Mobatuk 4:23. ioe (18) 310 Mh op DE (re ah La Pphec 2:keso PL dae [PG 7-173 bom hoe socks are Sede Bs, Coueraion Pres (ote 4 shoe) 25, ne “Te Inerpltion of he Sac ins the Anaphrs 92 te eae wetng of the Sanctus is sila in Sarapion, inthe Der Babzeh fagment and in MK. despite the notable vanaats these tests anit i eter cosluents ofthe snapra insta nu rau, anamnesis, epcless. and itetcesions() SO we seem 10 have in his Epyulan Sanctus cing an ancient Piece devved from the Alexandrian exes train, Kretchnat denies. however, that Fins writings ees the tiwrgel infuence ofan aieady exiting anaphorl Sansui Als: andr. Rather be beleves it vas the Osgnist thology tal Le as Stamp on the form and understand ofthe Sancts thet) For Origen, Christ alone is high priest and mediator and Origens wader sanding of Is 6:20 shows ao induence of the lure! Santis.) Sich am tfleace Keeschmar dose persive inthe tings of ier thas of Leotopoi in Faypl atthe tr of the fury cent, Ins Mechisdaite wows, basod on Rom 8:26 and Heb 73, tht the Hy Spint ira pris lke Chri and speared on ear as Mel chitedek = al of which we lam frm Epipasion of Satria (2 SISs03), Panaron 671-14: 32,09) wien ca S377. Sime ‘ieralas appeals directo te apocryphal dsceson of sigh) 10 supp et, Krams sts ths a eating the Sats to he fd praclete tration, Furthermore, Keelchmae btives hit the ‘ston bewean Orignist thology and the Tuga Sanctus tradi ‘ior in Bayt is 40 dose tbat onl bishop of the Oxgenst schoo! oul ave introduced it imo the anos This must hae hap ‘ened no ater than the scoad half of the thiedcemuy. which acs 15 to Dionysus the Great, bishop of Alexndria fom 247-268) Summing up Tor Eaypt, hen, Kreschmar pops the fllon- ing) 1, Ongen, flowing an Fxypian Judco-Chrisian apocalyptic vwadiion, ineepres Ts 6:23 a5 refering to Jess and the {e)Kaeracou Sao 55 brie tee ears (GCS 37 (onmaus 9 , [230m the aout sce KAENOWIAR, Sten 71; txt RL ‘cust The enon a at (Lond (0 Trikamsconn Suen Io sonraHoly spist At te same time Ne undesands the Sanctes 15. revelton ofthe Trini. 1 the middle of the thal (sentry the Sanctus thos Understood inorpcaed into the ansphors in Alcan. (9m ase MO, A Vet, [pie ela da ‘ict anon Qutin ers 6 (a) ,Lome ae f {USA now a pagurmy he dieraoe on wie amen ei Simeon of Pro Pa. ase. Hepa Johoe's sy Wil Sel Soe mot tt on te mln i ‘eek Fan Re reno He) 57SnL Syms 1, The Apesoie Contintons (ca. 90) {nthe Antiochia region of Sy the anaphora Sanctus appears 2. 380 in pont VIM, 12:27: “Holy, holy holy Lord Sabaoth, heaven and eurih [ao] lof it glo! Bled ate poe wnt the sags, amen!"Q) This isthe same redaction ofthe Iiugcal Sanctus Astros cites in Homa 19,1, exe that pont ad air “hey en ad car are] fl of his lon,” the conlision “les ae 30u uno the ages amen” ~ Le, Rom 225,95, withthe we ites polite. The hymn is addrssd 19 God "the Maser Pesocato = before whom “bows down the Parle, but above all your holy Child, Jus Chst cur Lord and cur God." Right ale the hyena the tat cms dicey 1 the chritologia nari: "For holy are ou in th... Holy ako is your onl-teytien Sin, our Land ad God Jesus Chit. who..." (WIL, 1238-3) 2, Joke Chrys fate 398) From the meropai of Amioch ill this same anaphorat Sonus, sung by the people and lading "henven and cari ate fl offs lor" but with ko mention of a Benedicts in this or any redaction, is abundantly tesifed ta inthe Aniochene homo of Choestom before he went 10 Constantinople atthe beeing of| 398 Cryoxiom generally speaks of the hymn a8 adewed to God ‘thou irnkaran speifistion 69) 1, Cxtravoc, Since Cappodocia was wibin the Aniochne sphere of tusca fnmencs, would presime tht posible evidence fr the Sanctus ia Cappadocia as cary a8 the cond qurter of the fourth century (9s a6 192 PIE pn kt Down, Aon. 3, 2 56:10: Jn 2 Co an 3.06 1507 np hom 14, RC 6308, ct 4a Pavey 2h Gash de tw mre wd Kenton soe Eade {soon Joao (EA U8, Rare 97) Sst “he Inueoiin ofthe Snes ito te Anata 87 should cece a practice alieady in place in Anboch at the same time if not ere, even if our cast Aatioehers wise tothe Sanctus scssed inthe previous section, are fal a esntury lr In ‘ne case ofthe Sanctus, wah oer tue wis, the dat of frigns and the dite when We fit ace it the extant sours ae ot alsa the same: such sources catily ish termine post ‘quem non, not necessary one ante gu mon “The probiem has to do with ow nest Sanctus document 36. Fis ef homilies penrallt atiibuied to 8 certain Aserios Sophie of Cappadocia an atibutin rexel challenged in Gor Of «Iter tutor, date, an place, a5 we shall S= 1. Aserios Sophistes fea. 337) Hangig Auf der Maur as proposed & hither ignored cay ios 19 the snaphonl Sencar: Aeros Sophises of Cappadocia (fe. 34, 2 conver, posi fom Judai, eho had epotatied in the porsecuson of Maaimian (285-38) and was received bck ito cormanion afer due penance.) Though Asie apesisy had eileivly exclude him from entrng th cle, he waa une ally activ in ecclesiastical aa, preaching in Cappo and Syria ven ding fal services, 9 very mime thing for layman in {hoe ays (*) especialy layman once lane with exe Ai 5m wha remined subordination all his WM, Aserios travelled often to Sin and Palestine, and stems to have aisnded the Couns ff Jena in 335. We last bear of him accompanying Deanus bishop of Cuca in Cappadocia, to the Counc of Antioch in aie Aste’ homlics. he sours that ines Wes ate dated a. 237, Ino of them, the pascal Hone. 15,16, a Hom 29,10, on incr 2c {90m ie on of Maninianss Healey se Pauy-Wisowa “(he Aseron ce Auy om Mat 26; G.Guan, Kies Sanome snd Tose dow Patents ses Sophie (cae 18) a (ensee K.DemaYe Laon, LIK 614748; AnCort VU ante se ea (9 Mase 398 Soma, HE M5, HDA J He, tc de cee 12 Pa 190) 702-78‘ne psalms, Asterios hos the heavenly choles chasting ne angelic Sanctus of is 6:3.) The folowing pani ae especialy worth not 1 ta bom sages the honilis aio ies the Eek 3:12 Bene ictus. a8 inthe Sanetis of the synegogue Yomer and ip Comat Vil 5:34). In Hom. 15 the cham is addressed w the itn and se ‘ened Lord, though the sence es clear in Hom 2108) 3. Even more significant, perhaps, fs the et that Astedos Hom. 23,10, ete the Sanctus with the Chin tlose ‘The contest ofthe Nomis is Kuril. The seve isthe Eas- tet Vink and hough isso sido explicit pems thatthe Sones was sung at i For the homils’s whole points to show ‘that Christ's victory has joined earth and hoover ito one choin raking it posible fe the children of cat to pons Chit taser with the eave choi.) 1 prcsly though baptism, which td js taken place a the vg hat te hl = 0d ony they — ar enaied to take part in the pms, Aer Ewes Costin Fd above), his isthe fst erence 1 thy eamhly worsippes nt jus ‘te ang, joining is the Heavenly rane ofthe Mural Santas) 4 notion found in the Jewish Geisha. 130-160, im Rabb Jods, exe Berakoth 1, 9b(°) and in he ssond-entury Semandhese re) where the congregation and the preside alemate the Or (eRdevan teen Renna 118,238 (00890, CEPT is sod. etn CHLT, OCP 57 (7) (aur oe aon 86, hii. 9.5, (ee above tse 3, (hte og Male 46 Nt. 1 Cem 38:7 on Pat ston C1 300 rhesus te the mg sr ah ee hat, ()PE aS ef E Wn, The Gene of he Lt! Sem, S.A Wisin fed), aa Peso on Wells Oxia 19) 2 cn 57 9 2 “The epoition of te Sancus mo We Anspsern destak reviowly, aly the lade eid it This action in ‘he chant of te ang wil Reome topes inter Christan inter Dettos of te euch Sanctus") Auf er Maur cots that St have hae urs cision ofthe sysaggte Qa, Jewish ore seas beryed. y the ay in whi he Snes i Strung eget with other Mien ets (EK 3:12, Ps 23/247; Lk 239.0 Used ot rere all he aruncnts of Auf cee Maur’ cons vincog cue th we have ere te soho of «Christin Iii Sania derived om Jewish wg. Bal this sll €os ot prove a ‘ee ofthe Sanctus ke araploa. For hat, we must tum (0 Aste lox fom, 16,18, a pase tht provides the keywone of Aut der Niues rconsrton. I number each selene of the paaee to facta rere: in he flloving dscaon 1. tao no fos te ah of een and lng as tease brn pec. 2. For se tbe nny. lime (eee Pap pepe fr emertanenea imi ‘ae tah scr Get Sie Paine nots mined Oy he a SER Sc nel hi eg “ty 2 rari ey peace tne “The enaro isthe Easter Viel eachari, fori is clear that the fait being adress can sce the newly. baie! neophytes (2). Hence the bishop has completed the sts ih the baptist and the eopntes have lea je the community which fad ten keep ing the customary vs with Icons, inthe Basi while await the enrace ofthe procsion tomy the baptist. Now uni with the tof te fl, the neophytes sng pss (4) and the "hymn ofthe fu) a hymn of praise (6) they have neither san () noe even heard (6) belove ‘Watt could this hymn be? No argument can be made fom the Rosca Nowe den (Ee Comino louse, Cor 56 SC 11345: ono ty cet, Beg Sgt ab, PS 416; ms BP Rat fn Su 9091, On Jovan Cp ad enh inane cn rant ete ra isk oe 37 sn) 937 (otc 1S by sco100 omencature, “Pais, hymns, odes" (Cl 3:16: Eph $219) are em- ployed broadly in Cian Grek fr aay song chai) though pai” means rimany the biblical psalms “Vives, ymn of pais,” i std of the bbe psams a well a citer cans, ad Ter the Sanctus is commonly reered to by dis er) From the tural context of the hamuly one can deduce the following 1. The chant is part of he mais, 2 ies a ye of praia. 31s not bible! pala, 4 Since the new baptized never Read it befor spat of the aan, ot of he cache Margy tat Plows the “mvals of the etschumets and phatcomenal, pat of the “Lary ofthe Fail Only wo lise posbilies meet thse characteris: Aes jon is refering. 1) othe eat eucharistic pan of the service, or 2) to some puticalar chan within i, To not kaow of aay stance of Di, in whieh Tso; res 0 the auaphora iow! cour though ‘exgopusia can meat hy of prise tat Is aot the cain ‘he rst, tecical srs In which we now ae the tr. (9) Fur heme, it iF most unlikely that Aserion would have ceed to the anh a a hymn sung bythe whole conrestion, So be must mean alerative 2} 4, some parr chant daring the eacharsic ar ofthe suns. AL his cary period the only pssiy woul be some sot-pamie chant of the anapcra oF comunion res The sauliest available evidence shows thatthe two chats atthe tf Of sits and during communion were bots plc, That leaves the anaphora Sanctus, the response othe Sona sents communion fall) and, perhaps, some adona anaphora prate-chan such as ENCE G.W-HL Lawes Prive Gok Lesion (nfo 1961) SH 1u3840, 1585. Att im Mat 16 ion Boren HE, 2:5 GCS 9 (Eisats 21) 04 SC si 7S, kame De dunce anoft ons care (Dame 83) (8) Laer ges a (epee, ual fre $3 abo) 7 (OS K Tam. "dfaty Tig rth Ss The Anco Cl Cm aman ais Resome, iG. Noon fo, Fn ffs In Memory us Ravan 0. (NPMC Stan Cn Mas ands Wesngion BE Tt) 403, ‘The nepttin f the Sanco he Amghirs 101 the TE tyvotpey in Byzantine wage and elewhere” at posite hymns of pase.” "A more remote possibilty would be same ofher sem of the ‘ncaa ke the Out Father or the cred. would age with Aut Ger Maur thatthe Ose Father can be downlod) Ie Hs nee refered o as a yma, and bess, was act uakngha 0 the ay boptzed since it had Been “handed over” to the candidates cal Inthe ination proces and recited by them forthe ft tine 8 S000 as hey merged Hom the feat. Lar Hot So cont bow fever, that one cam ec the ced, OF coe we Know th he ‘Smbal was moi a pemmanent prt of easem eachsrists ai the Sx ety (but that doesnot ele a soleniachatiog of te ‘ree atthe mass ofthe Ease Vig afte th emrance ef the ey Ioptzed, At any rte one enanot cle the ese by ping that i {is nover referred 10 36a “hsrn."¢*) A he end ofthe ih entry Pe-Dionysas could mcan just that by his “eatbollc hymn” euBo- Dax oo) in EW Ill 2 and 3:7.) That how Joba Seo leseus, shop of Soythopols i Palestine (536580, temas 3 9 his ecolia (ou 532) incosporaed by Maximus Conesor ino bis fatereion of Pa-Dionyalue work (4) ()5s baci $8.06, 1818-19, 940, 42H Gt Cow tye, Te Ley 0, Mare (OCA 734 Rame 1950 9, A. Como, ‘ie guchacke Crpoornaphoa in Dog ar Ghee doe Eachare ticker cheer UO 68, tener he) 398-4 E26 6 267 2 287, 90,39 305,307, 312317, 3229, 395 8 3 be, 7, 598; Tee Haase, Ione twee de thar ects Ul (Rea ian 1982 1 32 om 1320). (Gh Avr oor aun 7 (hse, fr etme THRTULIAN, De aro 16 9, CCL 1357 225; Cron, De comin oose 228, CCL 3A, LOPS: Te ome oF Marsa Homi, 28114283 CC A Hassan, fe Mae oe dns eather Pirate Maton Di 8 85) 65 ony, Lape Se che ly Pre Pa tpi 1 (18 a Tse) 338 (Se fr example, Apcone Vi 4:1, SC 362105 Jom Crmrer ro fe Gal hom 6, BO 62-2 Dc lagu some Polaans, Bis, PL ass iota Grea Buran 95-02. (Ate em hace (hpo ses suc (MSetatie 3, BG 136 On the atin 9 he Macs a Yo Jobe ot Sybase Yon Bassa Dae Po dor Da.“The coca Unugy’daseibed by Pa-Dionsios has the fle lowing structure 1, Diss f the catchumens ander clses 2 Guarding of the doors 3. *Cathoie Hymn” 4. Teaster and depsiion of wins 3 Payer & Pete to al 7. Pax & Dipbetstsy 9. Lava 10, Unveiiog of he gis 1 Ansohora In EH ML, 2, after the lectins he eatechumens, enerpoumens, and pentets ore clare. Then the pies and decors ie he aa be ered ee hee of Meng. pees {te sia fhe athe eoteion ty Ihe etre felon of oe Surch toy, Sed meas 2g eins paar Se nehiceor) ‘Abit ater, EH IL 3:7 gves the lowing, fer desertion of the confsion, Ar etsning the sanifianc ofthe dismiss, Din) "To mont cd mine of te mat cr things an hese fond of ‘cing bly thigh ang ty mens of 4 hee tyne toe eGift nt pe By {Sed clic ofthe united, Some cal tn bya Gu ode: Son (iol). bes the ayn! of wont (ey Copan = ‘into eis = more avicty 1 hk a Neel ans. ‘Str pops ecjpire), ease tsar up alte ty i a me otf God sams (ose tte aca a ne ‘ors of Gd on our bel elt Sry Mt eid eet eos arin b alate, be pt in paieson of 8 (Gree Enda 190 644 (Chia Tar, Gat Earn 8, sie nabs ond ipo tore ase latent reve he at Fo: “The Inerpltion a he Sc ins the Anaphons 403 ‘eer shine condom and cation. When he wind te ss of Sine gts a ae to ts teak ur ope, be ld ak teow orga ste ty + norron of egy and he compte ‘Scamp forme aber w mate pods et ee patos ia iso fae Ths, he ave share n Guan Some eee) “This might appear 10 be a description of salvation history at rated ian ccnomle apnors lke BAS, were that intepeation ot excluded by Dini el, fll descpion of the onde of {he mass in EH Ih 2,95 well as from the ltl clement tht fells the isd pasa in EH I, 318-13 the Gepostion ofthe its and the kiss of prac (3:8), the dipjehs (9), the lavabo (3:10), the anaphora G:11-12), communion (3213), thanipving and dismal (G:1415, Tas wakes i car thatthe “hymna” in question peed the anaphars Heace 1 beleve this “eatotic hymn” could be some sont of eed Dionysius referring 1, ia spite of the septic Td pre ious expressed eating this imerpetation (9) Several mis of the Dionysian text confirm this wilh the varia reading that relese ynotoyia with Spey, which is synonymous wih Paton the rfesion of fit) In The Coleial Mieachy VIL. 4, Rowevee, Dionysus uses the term dpvedoyas for the SapctusBendits.() fits dear that oe can build no cae fom bis termincog. But Laced sot salve tht problem, The only point that needs smaking ere isthe poss of a “hymn” in the “liturgy of the Tau” thar is nether the Sancus no the euch a whole. fam simply tying to be fir wo the erence, which dos show that Asters sos cou posily rier io a crend a the Faster servis, ‘ough fet I consider AUF der Maur itepration far more ‘usb and, indeed, filly convincing. (6 36: wane asa fron Diwrss rm rv Athansi, Te cal racy. a TL, Cami tama I CAE Grew ane 398 (bins Udaiorsam: LaMarr cile s R.Rons ute ee tues GH toler Me Cason Un ed $C Sty Fars 17a and ae Cane at 6 ae) 4 ot TD ae ‘CPSC sibs feos oats) 1161 2. Gregory of Ny (F398) Some fifty years afer Aneron St. Basil the Great's younger brother Gregory (1 398) tsbop of Nyssa i Cappadocia rom 71, 376, 37834, rele to the aapho Sanctus in terms remarkably le seis. this Homith agar hese mio ger haptam, Grego 1 adres alechumen wt has dove jis that soppy ho Wes a ae a ep ‘Sti sy, singing hyn a pe perc) mh the le (Saar Crane) This key text thom the se provioce as, presumably, AReriog, ions i, 5, in the same ctu, an In the same contest of the Vural ‘fects immediatly consequent t0 pacha bape, son firms Auf der Maur’ this. To whom the hymn i added, how over mot apse, 3, Conctsion Im summary, then, it would appear tha by ca 39734) Choi sians in Cappadcea ha |, Borrowed the Qeatoh of Jewish morning prayer together swith the Bokaicas of Eck 3:12; Cristiana the Sancus by adding the gloss “Aron and ‘arth [are il of is oy,” And, at as in one text by addressing it 0 the Risen vist 4 Tntrodoed the Sonus th Eak 3:12 Benedict at into tHeie moming payer ‘Ther ino the Easter Vig excharss 6 And imately soto avery cuchanst When the final sip (6) as ikon remains moc, a8 does whether the chrisogel ares) canbe generalised, or should rather be stud 19 the Eater Vig context of Ase’ honiy, 'Acany reall this dovetails ely with the best contemporiry research concerning the intradcton the itugcal Santas in the (7G asic The Inepalaion of he Sanus ima the Ansphaa 108 Lata West (%) As we saw, Kuler tices the Te eam: Snes back 4 Iberian Ese tions of plaees, and Gator has uncured othe thite-ounth century (?) Galcan and Morarbie Eater pees With Sanctus Dut I have alsa deal th his maton above in Part I scion E) 4. Te Authonciy Chaloner ‘Dat wht i the Ronis atibued to Aris ae not Capps asian? In a reeant say, Wolfram Kinvg has challenged Mars Richard's and iv Shards atiibutoa of thse texts tothe Cappe- doen Asetios Sophistes.(%) King would abute them, instead, twa Ise Askerios Ulam 385-410, 4 Nicens-orthodex fom Paes tine oF, more iy, Anion What ace me 40 make of thi? In the Gat plas, Kodeing LUtemane has dubbed “hasly (vorschnell™ Kinz’ chim. seed postely by more tn one reviewer) that “the Hypothees of Rickard mst therefore Ke son a having Been seuted."(») a chal lenge io which Kiszig hat rep point Tor poi) Hut regards af the ovtsome of hs debate, which {hve Bo iazaon of entering here, a6 not think the sue will domana changes im my cone sions, for the fillowiageaseas: 1 The shape of te Sancus in these Asters hole th Dovedicts ef Ec 3/12) woud exclude an Feyptan apo poe eonnecon 2. An Aniochen provenance af he homily, preted by Kinzig, eaves my bypotess inact, (09S: Kaecinay Noe ten, $2 ‘ehoce s7 aso os [P9KoI0, Sear, Kee suman is vow in Ales mn “oma te adr fd Mel rds SP 39 (Ox 109 1 © ew Kesar Sophia or serra? Bin Ao, YC 4 doa) ems, hc on pp ad 397 nae 22 reas Simtech 13 (Poiana, Sark 157, ae Uru, seve fo VE 45 (801) 198: 2a (P9Kinto, Ene dato! ote 75 abo)4. For if we eathde Palestine (Rinse favors Amochs wih ut etcluding Palestine, but 1 exci i foe the ress gi fen in no. 1), the Romie are either fom Cappadoia or Amos. 4.1F from Cappadocia, which ley within the Aatiochene sper of util infuece, Ue uy they describe must Fave got is Sanctus Rom Antioch any, So either way points 10 Antioch, and fs equally veil with my Y¥. Misaromama ‘Thus fr 1 have avoided the much debaed Mesopotamian Anse thom of the Apoan Addai and Mao.) The eae, tener fh cemury ms of AM, an anaphora which mos woul! see goes ck to the thin eenary, has be Sancus.(") Not all would see, however, at the Sanctus wa part of the third century Une thowgh that postion is arguable dnd Macomber and Spinks defend i) But Io net need to prove or csprove tht postion. Foe 90 rms how fr back the AM Soacus goes 9 Oot argues Tia eter trios got tele Suncts from Mesopotamia, en fncnce that oul be bishlyunlkely pers, and for which thee is no evidence any Vi. AY AUISANDRICJERLSALENGANTOCH AR? “The basic qusston stl remains manonersd who got the nae ‘hors Sane trom whom? Eaypt and the Jeroalem Sector af hla it clade conseaton of AM tse oly Hee my ganic suse Jahn Klee qusonal abut emir a he Be oe Sh ang soe mes wand ash ik Sn (yah, alt and Mo PISCE Maconen, Tae decent For f th “Areca of te Apo tes igs NC Cantos TF Mantes, KW Toren fle Ba of ‘rset: Se and crus Inthe Forma Pood ating De IBAa) 7886 ep eS BD, Sram, Te Son inte Beha Prager Cade 3 94 ‘Te Interpolation of he Snes imo te Anapars 107 Cyriviohn, Gat 5,6, share Origenst tas. Cappadocia and Soria area common wadion with the baslopolite Sancis in Hs defn tive form im JAS. How is one 40 sort out the rapectve ie Moons? “proton the bass of what we alicadyRrow aout the ti ow inthe development of easter rey. ane might be tempt 19 {aver fourt-etury Jrisaler, 3 mtn ener of innovative huge ‘retiviy apd difsion, es the pia of ety toe the anhral Sac tus Egypt was.» maverick, generally ening is oa Wa 0 that when ‘one ses Aleandsian ites in anoter Kia, one i icin to suribate them to Enypt. Since hagipotite erativity as usually im tated on a much Broader scale, if the poclity Eas Santas sting had ompinated in Jerwsem, one would expect to find i in ‘ndesread. se, and aot limited (0 Fgsptisn dnd derived biopic snaphons (ep forthe singe Jerusalem wites of Cin) ‘As forthe Aatiochia-Cappodacia connection, bore the se of {Consaminople Aniceh was the dominant center of Iriel die sion throughout Asia Miner. and so ~ asin @ pricr — one would Jean toward Anitoch a the site af commonaliy avons the wade sions under its iuiical say. And the depres of ural ine. change feeneen the Hite of esa, man center of larga nent Jn Syrias Mesopotamia, an is neenbors witha the Roman Empire, ‘ovdes @ plausible Mesopoumian conpecion 10 explain How the ast Syrians could ve eo thoi hands on the AM Sancta jst a casi they dion ther elements orgially foreign w their tad. tion) 1. From dlesandhia to Jensatem? The nub of the retionboimeen the Sanctus in Alexandla abd Jerusalem is of cours he oiial form of the haioplite Sanctus ‘Two poins ate at issu: 1, Dees the Sanctus of Crohn, Cat. 5 6, presen an Or fet fatuence in Jeralem during the epsopate of Fok Tas Keetchmarexgey argues? (1.6: Maconmns 4 They onthe Orgs he Sram rome cand Chatter Rr, OCP 38 (99) 33830, wl a Heid a2 And iso, docs this epmsent the orga igioolite Sane tus redaction, or a deparre fom ah cars, Amochene- ‘ype Sanctus ia JAS! From Alanis to Jerusalem i the second half of the fourth century isnot a log step. The haiopalte anspors Sais in ‘Ouidah, Cr 6, hs charstenses ny common with Egypt that ar not found in JAS: 1. A clear distinction betwean the many-issd Chorin and the smo Seraphim. 2. A shor edition ofthe Sancts, without the Benedict 4 The Soncusedaaus to the Father alone, nt to the Ti Bu there ae also lieences In JAS the Sans is ot the bithpoin of the scrifce of pis, atin Env, oor frien ody that seems 10 split the anaphora in toa same Shan anapho. 18 Rather, he Santos toduce the thaniviag for ecaton and redemption, which comes not ie the pre- butin the pstncti “This, Kethmar believes, cant be eens and does wot help locate the orignal ste oF he Sancta the tury decribed in Cat 560) ‘That may be being the question, however. For if Eusbis Inded sefering to the hagiopotite Sanctus et found in JAS alcady before 325 ~ and 1 thnk hei ~ then t would be eqully posible to accept the substan of Kestichmars armen on Ge Orgeist rovenace of the Sanctus i Cat 5,6 (a Siew which, however, Pi Aagnel considers “un pew hasardzuse"¢)), without that alsin in {ny way the possibly ear Jerse Sanctus tedition as wiaesed in JAS, where the Sanctus i adresied to the Father (he posse tus els of the tex reeptes of JAS( is obviously alr att Aan interpolation) as it Cat 5, 6 and ~ atleast in Eusebius = there no: mention of the Benes The fact tha Jon TT of Jensen, to whom Kesher ‘utes the Jerusalem catehual homilies) was a dlender of rk (6209 We nboe gumon soe Kat, Soo 18408, (0)8C as $5 ae [ese note 23 abo (DKS, Sten 166 Oi tate ae above at mae & ‘The Initio of he Sc na ibe Asaghns 19 enn the Fst Origen omc, doesnot prove that ia Cat. 5 En deviates from the alsa exting hapopaie Sines ag tion) Futberor, pol above is indced redolent f Egy foul also just cee the bial test of Ts 6:23, And poins 2-3 fe not sons sezumenis for dewwing 2 parle baweon Fayp! ad the Jeualem Sant. The shor redaction in Ca, 6 sto sor Soret thas cite the Egypian or Antockenesype Sines, which ould simply mean that the omits ering oe cham by ie Pit without cng nual At any rte, Co oot think we can td from tis alone a case Tor the Egyptian provenance of the ie opaite Sanets 2 The Abbe of te Sant “The sme must be said foe pola 3, the address of the Sanctus to the Fate alone, This eects th ery rion ever, an is commonplace at tis dats. Syragopie use adres the Sanctus to Ged the crete. In the exegesis of Origen, Christ andthe Holy Spit epdar abe Sancis v0 the Father, and this wat is orginal scose in the Exypllan anaphora arapion, according 10. Kretch mar) Kis addres tothe Tater im Cyr, Cat 5 6 and, (9x & mse suse description of the exis of thse, ee .2hete, 12 ssa eh alone monaco, [NRTIIS (shy $2 now ("tn bon out ee gue a ee epnte {Mf re ur can amt i wa hoo aque de Saumune Chip de 365303, ay ponder hts, oye ton es acresin nie, Bice epee ‘ia os il, psa in stn Ove + em a pera et fe ses be Ssuppeme Pion La tea toast (ge cet Joists epi looms Sar slants Corse ie fare ats pone is contovene oun 4 Tie es Jet {i crypt ated Censtaptnnsle ow ee contitur a otesan 12 am Enron Ea Fae epi Teoh lt it pa Fe lisbon cone ors rh a= ee fata agen ovr ni cote dens meee Semaine cust ne metanc mai oae tau eu pours se ‘pentane seid ilgece™ Teich Kamae Sten 1 fo xeewcne Nee aten I, 9,oubies, was 50 akon UTIAS,(") a8 wall 8 the Amiachene Iraiion represented by lpConue VIIL27, Thies in perfor ith the enty Jewish aces, and wth the empass On then ing for creation in the eat Sign prvicts. For Ketch, hw ver, the shit in address 4 cr ites. By the ond othe fourth sentury the cretion motif has reed in Theodore of Mop. suet, Hom. 16, 610, the imtepretation is deidely train Such an interetauon of the lures! Sancas sures in Egy around the same time.) The eae wines the concen of the antsEunebian act de oma mat edt sua 6.09 3 le fourb-cntiry work auibued to Athatis ef Alexander 298 328) but probably not athens. ‘This ermencutial sitf cuaht up in the fourtscenury Aran and Orient diputex.) Thow Onsen, ts fom. 1,2 bad afitmed thatthe Seraphim chanting “Saneloy sacs, sancus proper hoc servant mystrun Thin 4is"C9 hie interpretation of the eo Serphie ay Som and Holy Spit tad been exploited, inevitably, by the Ans In response, et 375 Didymus the Dind of Alsadia (a. 1013-39) gives a Taran sense wo the Sansa in hie ter de Spit Saneto 2840) in the ders Ewiomium 8 (arogly atte. 0 Bs) and we see the same in the De Trntate 119, 31 and LUC) which Die ‘us may ave authored te, as wll as in Ps-Athaasius, De inca ‘atone cnr Avanos 10.09) From Didymus this chops ener the nto wove (87 les: ef Kartcan, Sen 170 ) Buenas, ne tiaten By Sonetag. ie ener view in sun (0) 25:21720 « cro 298 18 Cimon, Gira aoe ceases tines 3 ese Tecan cenre Ognem devon hate VO (iy 9a fp Wh Ck Karts, fw uhson IL 19, w wom oe 180 te foving oun tase this tion, (hace 88 Oncnus 3a hee 38 (pr 9: 10sihe cho 24s HPG 29:7DICTRGA = Cro 2371, 2437, which add: WM Hav Date the nd i he shar of "rns Eanomtan WE SP TS (dad 58 Noes EG 3:20Hh C58, com, TA, 97K OC = CPE 257, (O9PG 36 toon = crc 2, Some authors sie is wat Nae ‘hus of Asc c. 379, amedran ppt 0 Atiamsis st Neos 1 [Bh ner condom a Consuela hs gus isan ‘The nero fh Snes ita te Anabors LL Wes via Jerome, sho from 38] wes Didyaus against Ongen sn fp 184, 4.2(°) though the adress of the eastern litugial Sanctus 19 the Faber is sl accepted 3 the perm in this polemical leanne, PreAmbrone, Lier de Spr Saacio 1N2, watien Nome fly a te bepaning of the Gh century, provides a dear xan le ‘de lam cam po ois eon ert na ‘Toru Fom serine ne ew, an fam Sou Dos Sua, pita eon re reas Ep cin to cost poplin a pons Dele 0 he si» wero phn ni an Sn in Alexa in he on al he ey, mst NC ead ates Se tray shes) Bae “hood of Mopessa(™) and Abuse PsA) ie tem thi eopty he nt gure the ur et, hugh {he ie tex of fe same a sow pos fe incre 3. An Atichene Provenance? ‘But what about Antiochia and/or it derivative Cappadoxin itgses, whee ins, Tome 15,1 atribted to Axion oF 19 2 Inir Syn water, and this én either case ltimalely fm the Anachone area of luis difision, addeses the Sancus 1 the rien, oried Cis") Kretshear believes thal te Antshene ‘hritologiatSancs may acedate the noose on that aon of ‘he ater Egyptian ani Asian trintrnirng ofthe hsee-ls hem ne was of Maes se Mtoe Ziv Tae de ta on Shey Zech ie rdenwanie 1960 0 U9 TO STi Git bk (hi cnr Ua tte Pade tnbusen eS at seu mati a a mii st st a {Te ates Astin, Hw 9, 946 Rowan 28, a ei“This could mean thatthe Antocene anaphora fal the Sans be fore nas inrodueed nto the cucharist m Exyp.(%) Chrsoogal Interpretations ofthe asayborl Sancta wil app also in yan Sources) but Lo not Delve the chile Sanus in Ey or icubere canbe considered the piste, maaline hrmenewe. If ‘etfs nok tue of the Sate samc, whare the choo Hee ‘relation fs ear, 4 1 Have We to prove lets C7) ene an fet drew a paral! beweon this andthe Sanctus: the Seca ani compulor. But whst ofthe Mathean Bedi, fst arachod tothe Sane- tus in Ambeetene sources? Was not this patel csiolgical tex of Me 21:9 stated othe anaphora by a earlonical understand ing of the Sanctus? Against ti the ct tha even if for te sake Cf argument, one ers 10 concede greuerariuiy tothe chrstleg- ical Sanctus in Antcehone wigs, he Mattbean ened makes is sppentnce thee only after th aes ofthe Sancuso the Father has ten hold. Furthermore, expenence sth turpal and patastic teat feo ahs period makes me seep of presuming tao ‘ue lope i the composition of iss if ue Babee is eso lege then the Sancue40 ich it ak ataced mst have Been top, Fir moet aly a eas forthe substan of the Mathean text for the Bonedictus of Esk 3:12 would be the snl fet tt the pesnce ofthe Benedicis fom Erk 312 save someone the et to wae 2 Chnsan, New Tealamient verse ith the sme ini oe Inds, the shit 10 she wintavian interpeation could have ‘equaly wel prepared the sty im the Antioghene cach fr ie roe 19 the Mattcan Beneditus, decked chrstlogeat i tone ‘hich oceurs around the seme time. In ely Antochene-ype an hors ke CHR/ARS iis stl ito the tnnitaran fw ef he sa Tran tee oi a a laa wey amo ROR. tal Mond ee “he Inupottin of te Sane toe Amghane 18 anaphora whee it ait in inking the paseo he presi ith the sovancts aarative of the eluisslosel economy ef salvar Hoty (Fer, ody (Son Holy (So, and Saban! Hoe sl ‘he fl of sour gy Haan es! Bled He lief he ame of he Land sor he ge ih se eely pom, me a hl fe fu nde. Fae, wh sn te yur cnpen Son Ande sk Ou fe Crh fo snd our oly Sp ont abeong ee} G. CONCLUSION Let me ay to pall hi topes. To summarize the evidens, ie we take as our pont of departure the extant anaphora texts 2 they ee, we have een the following indspuable Fs |. Canain compte, no fagmentary) anaphoras, in ing some of the vale, contin 20 Sanctus. 2, No cenaialy comets Epyptian-lype anaphors lacks the Sanctus, though many authors Held the Greek papys Gagne Sratours 254 9 repesen «complete Egyptian ucharsti prayer. 4, Brom the fourth century the Santis appeurs in ansphoras Aroughou the Eas. 4 By the end of the same ceiary it isan itera compe- est of the efslere staphoras Later anaphora mss with ‘vt Sanctus, J woul ake 4 rec an ear sage of an horal volo, oF iter sedation of early texts wiht Seno ike Tecamentum Doman, 23 with spect 10 Astle Tradton 4 PE 241, 266, CHR reds allows, with hat cote the sr ni‘ vinaran gous ce aoe bck" Hoh. ‘sve the Nghe ih toe eel power © Maes heaps ey tana, tly ae yor a6 i om and yr oe TEs Sou oad ur tty Sp bly re You snd aly. ad aco eur Bon. sho so v6! your Hod Tat you pie oot ‘nen Re{The Sanctus, whore found, inary interac into the srapor ea ome point ete he ong aE 6, The hierar form of this mcqration gies rm tion to teadlon, and somtimes even within prayers ofthe same anaphoal ype 17. Only Esplin enaphoras i he Sancis fully ns 0 the ver stuctue of the pager fom the ar 8 In several Syrin-igpe anaporasovating i Jerse, Antioch, Cappadoeis, Censantinnl, Ede, mer au. thors judge the more orks suse iagtion othe ‘Sancta 16 show signs of lar fedaconal work, the sams, pertaps, of ner pain") 9, The pine Sancus is everywhere addressed to God the Father except in Atrios Sophiss, Hon 13, 16 whet ie adres 10 the nien Chea, 10, The later antcArian polemic ales 3 sift os tntaran interpention of the thrice-bly hymn 1H, Thi la um, may have Bate the sobtiaion of he decidedly crtologicel Matton Renedius for the peim= itive Antothene Benedicus [4pCou VU, 38:3; VIN, ian. ‘erain cay Antochene anaphoras this Mautesn epotici provide the transom to the postsancts tative of the chisel economy “To our ina question where the anaphoral Sanctus came fom inthe Hest pce atthe peso state ofthe evden, 1 oo think we san give dtitve answer. The ongins and spd othe ane poral sanctus in te Eai remain obscure, Ii Exp tbe Sank s 5 from the sare emaded mixed sting inepal to the whole Structure ofthe at part of the anaphora, The ibis sapien the ebimax of the aero aud the "pl samt cock et tera” (See for eple Pa, sion 1, OCP 5) (98) 29.9 at 1a usm, Aden doe tama dnt le preme pace de Pn ‘hee non dele mene orem epnanan 196) 226452. Boe ake Po stn 17, OCP 57 CHR) 2.4 non FL ‘The Iteration of te Sass a We Anaphra 11S scovdes the init of the ans to he fist piss.) Ip oe reas payers the Sanctus is Sowened at various point inthe Thenkspving tarative: lore erestion (By2DAS), afer creation (Ast) flor te con ofthe word ut Before the eration of man {daCont VL, 12:27, EBUAS, JAS), the ead ofthe emis pra ‘thanking (APSyr, CHRD.) Fer thst stkng diffrence teren the Alexandrian Santos sctng and what we sein easier anapboras ef Amtckene stamp, me em sues hres lierative explanations: 1. The two distinc: anaphora settings for the Samet, in Enypt and outside of Faye, rele independent. warelaed null wads. 2, The maphoral Sioctus without Benedict, originated in the ttuncal realm under th acgis of Antioch. When the Egyptians adopiod the Sancis they adapted itt ther ex fat of 1s 623, The Beneicis ws never accepid in Epp beiute it mould have desioye the plore. ‘aunsipleaviny ofthe Egypian anaphora type Hence the vo ileseat waiions, 4. The anaphora Sanctus. orginally witht Honesetus, fst appeared in Epp, sons Palestine a Amtocia ceved ik The Antiockones inserted st more of les sucess Into te existing Amiochene anaphora sacture of prise tnd thinks fr realion, adding Lo it the pele Aatior ‘hene Bendis of Esk 3:12 im imitation ofthe symone Yoter, AL liter de, the speation moi asd tho AP lam eri provokes 4 wintarian reinirpreation of the Sanctus, tbe prsancts becomes a prise of the Trini. nd the Saetes becomes trinfaran. That is bow we fd ft fa Theodore of Mopsuesia, Cut 6, 6, ¥6(19) and in the v9 Ramsemess, sadn 17 (09PE REoD TSC SI6r1905D, 226 2m. 6, 26, 8, 376: Di tnr tech The Thao aw Say bse Cort im BD. Shute el) Me Safe of Pray oe Thome of hata ton Radon nthe Cet Pas of the Exo and Ban (aes to Nena of Aiur Ache Coun elec Sporeraes ‘me te 19 abe Teer ssaJair rnaran gloss of AM) and JAS, showing that thet Antiochete developments tial alee he haglopoie and Syrian tratons (oo) Thx fn tar. fi ‘liad the subatiuon af the ehrisologil enedces of Mi 21:5 for the mere peiaulve Antiocene Benedicis fous of Fak 319 and Rom 1:25, 9:8 1 would eet alternative tut of hand. The aversion that te Seneos coald have landed independently in ooh Faypt and le where, in basally the same place ia the shape ofthe anaphora, beeen the prise and insiton acount cannot be tshen sr fuss, Between aletives 2-3, te choice i not css Could the Egyptian anaphotl Sanctus be a revision ofan elier Syan one, a i sleatie 27 At leat one ean sy tha the eve ence doc not permit us to excite the posit that the Fay tian evorted the Syrian Sancus onthe base of hse native Ong nist etegoss of Ie 62-3, and ony Incr refered Yo the Try the Stace an Since sancti respons, 36 io Ticadore of Mops, Hom. 16, 3.0%) But 1 ink the pci Faypion form, under standing, ond lupe sting of he Sanews ae 50 ex and 50 isin a 1 weaken tis view Since in Sin this trintarian inrretation, a coniavence of the Asin crisis Is of Egyptian origin, iis lear thatthe nonrii- turin Iiurpial Sacus in Syria antedtes these Iter develop sent But that i tue of the Sanctus evernhere, 3 canon be ‘used to argue thatthe Syrian Sots i eae even tha the Sans tus in Exypt. Everywhere the chan: ws ergially seed to God the Father with nether tnnitran nor chitlaial overtones. Ths vould expan the ltr ation, though not in Egy, ofthe Geary hristolgial() Mattson Trumphal Eni into Jerse eclams- tion “Blessed i he who comes i the mime oft Lor! Hosanna in the highest" which doss not appear ian) of the documents of the fourth century, encom, i nd tar 0-6 (onjn0 262-380 PS (9 Nos $3 above UW) ST 185.308, On te response to te Soe soniye my sly (ey Krein 1782 (semis Pe m1 ‘he Ineoltin of te anes ie Me Anaiora 17 In may wy this Benedict iste er trp Alou the rstlopcal, Mattar Benet nt wien o Before the fith century, ApCone VIL, 38:3 a0d Aserion, Hom. 2%, 10, tote esl 1o the anodes of Eek 3:12 a8 inte syagogue Yosser ce tions GILT in Par 102 and FIILL above). It probable, he, thatthe pristine Anobene Sant ind the Benedictus of zk 3:12 from the sar Ths duces the Welhoed tht Eeyptberroped is Santurithou-Benedcus fom frsign wadton. (nthe otber han, te Syrian connection between Sincus and estion (3) represents am ancient raion fom late Judie, where ‘Sanctus and rate for cretion are lowly Uinked.(2) fa Jewish inuenc on the liters of Anocia nthe second-hed cnturis ‘conceivable? Obvious: pCont VIL isan anthology of Helens: ewish pees, a5 Bousset bas demonste.() tn one of these prversdpConst VU, 38:3, we ind the Sanctus ia a sure which, Bowser has shown, was late imisted by the fedactr of he Pall section of the anaphora in -pCont VII, 12:27. The Sanctus fn VU 38:3 aleady crslanied ~ i calle *vieaious™ igo), IC has the Chisian reading “heer and earth ae filled with sour glory.” aad the angelic eboics are Fed ax in Cal 1:16 ‘ut i fe obviour that she text dees fom the synapage lar Be) Furthermore, bere as esewhere i the Syrian tugs taditions = eg, Narsi, Homily 17024) ~ the Cherbion and Seraphim a Tunged tegetber in the generalising ofthe angle odes. whereas sve have’ Set How Smporant thelr Merah ordeiag, Was in (90ce 57 0990) 308 {3 Knusean So 7. (3 Winoustt. Eine suche Ceo 7. Buch de Aa lichen Kontenanon, Naoihin der Gera ar Wiehe ‘Gannon, Pct. Kiae (Gatien 915) 335-90 Tag. he hoe pre ‘Gos at incon! VIN, 13567 Bat Jee ol. “Only eobeges ect (i, 12.64 bv wesc Crit tbc ‘nm etter Inuiy 9) RD, Rcwanoun Gen 199) Ee a 6) Kasco, Sao 13, (The Cua! Hares of Mossi no Easy hon Jntution by 1H Coocusy, With an appendix Oy cman’ Bor (ia tod ie VN, Camano 196 11. Expt. This significa difereace, plus the cose connection between Jesh Godan and Chvnian Sancis, lade Kretchmar to om Cle at Antiogh ld net receive the Sancti om Eeypian Chr tian wage hut from Janis (%) 1 would agree = bt mat doce ot mean thatthe Anochenes could nat have borrowed from EBs the deo of intacng ther Saves ito the anaphora 6 the synagogue tration condiioned the Amsociene muerretaion of the Sancs ‘nd the iaclusion of the Exk 3:12 Benet, an in lpCon Vi 383, its iegaron tata the ewchantic prayer was nok necessary of Jewish inspiration. So do not think the evidene forest to Son ‘lode thatthe Antiochnesresived We anaphora! Sanctus fom Ie Asim wthout interne Ciinaely 1 te pete ineertion of the Senetus¥ithot- snes ito the pee ereplenn nine srwtre ofthe Egyptian anaphora, over agit the what scems 10 me less nigral Framework Of the asaphorl Sanus Benedict eaowhe, that makes me ie ‘tie, albeit tetative) ward aivng pociy io Eyl im eesemen With Dian otis So {lean toward anave 3, spite ofthe | ‘ror odds agaist Eqpt teag the sour of commonalty among Scent eastern Tg This is where I ie fom my tend Brian Spinks. His new ery det and wgly-argud ook om the Sac way avaiable to me only afc the completion of his piper. Thowgh Spinks excl leat sidy deal extensively withthe Jewish background ofthe Sane: tus (Pat T) and is placa ia hs several anaphoraltrailions ath (@ar I) ane ltr (Par ID, he main: point of intrest to we ete 8 ‘rested in chapter 6, “The pose orgins of the sanction in he chris pease.” Oaths point Spinks and {dif pry at leas both in meted and i our conclusions. Spinks! point of departure Sted at the hea of the chapter: “Ultimately the gueson of the ign of the sanctus cannot be divered from the qussion of the bwin r ois f the enchacslepeayer ia whieh is Roun”) That is ir enough as fra it goes, Bu if pushed too fr {do not belies one can use it a am absolute Rermeneicl pice, For re the street that tere a seme ety eucharistic eyes wi (>) Xamrcinen, Sino 174, (09'D. Sms The Sater the Echaric Paver (Cambre “he Inca €e Sinos int he Anptone 18 ‘ut Sanctus shows that, unlike elements found everywhere (Sus fordumentom: Dignum et sus! ce), the Sanco mat not a integral port ofthe early eucharist an hence, could wel have beer ~ indeed. tose probstly was. insted Iter ino all eucharistic ravers rgaaless oftheir iis. ‘Second, eezanding. where this frst happened, Spinks cone ode: [As ar the pace of rg oer he Baypin and Roman fhe agbor oagh tke Epon veiee ie aes sega (ur eampsefeushsnae pager nee the au emt 8 Inf pr ofthe rane fe eranle Capra oF Noro Se, ‘nd ese ny ha ben tl fo he saps at Arto ik urination here stv apne The veep ihe Sah pn of te Crh ad tea ner apiom nih eo ha ‘ie. Ons inided, t psanahy. ete popula copes the saa pate of Gad even whet nf he ce oho Roma anf ada oa) const. Epp hamsve dele oo ‘ive spear sof he sn) “Tis is pefety puss, sino im such mates we ary tina, sing value judgments, But to me the Snes docs Rot sot mone integra co the anapnors in Jour, Cappadodis, and esa, than in Eaypt On the conta What eoaclisions can te deawa fm fom ths wir of con- Acting data? would hard sera at les tentative ons ‘The Sancus i sot original 10 the anaphora Iie Inter sneroiton svaryvher ino the sae pat of the anapore elas unmistatady the rsintdnes and i Cewdapendene ofall anaphora Saneus triions “Te eas emergence, an constant tron thereaes, of the imeduey cst Fgypian Satur form ‘tht enolic, aly ntaated ia the pln vere- pean ple ssc nto the rave Hepp first epiclss which ove 6v0 fallows he Since immedinely, pont tan easy date for the imegrton of the Santis ini the EEspien-ype snaphorn, posiby ae caly ab the sevond tll ofthe rd clay under Dioner the Great, bishop of sandra from 247268 So he Sates in Ent i very eth, probably siser lian elsewhere though Tis eamnot be proven ‘The aniphoral famework of ke Esytian Sanctur- ‘wtkout-Beseietas shows the inflsnce of Mlesandian Je swish oxgesis rather them of the synagogue Vote, whee the Sanets appears withthe Boneicus of Fak 12 ay of, ceils by the beaming oF the four enka, Jerusalem had recived the anaphora! Sanctus, si wth ‘ut Benaicas, From Fy In the Antioctene sphere of titi inuenee (Asoc, Syria, Asin Miner) the Sanus appears by theme of the foorh century, perhaps even ei Under the in uence ofthe yragngve Yoswr the Esk 3:12 Rene fs appended tothe Sanctus, and the whole is inleated fnto the anaphora! thankspiving fer ceation as Come Vill, 121627, CHR-APS ce) ‘Asin Jodsinm, the Sanctus was eveeysiete criginlly a= Aresed to God, among Corisins God the Father All other emphases an petitions of the thrie-oly hyena fn either 3 tintaran or x chrstloial diction ar io= scree or lator. vary wdc even within ids ions, and souk! be wed ony with great csution as a basis lor termining the onne oF Lifer the ‘haat. Tn the fourth contry the ani-Avan poem, fat in py. air osewhee, wil Wo 3 trian citer tation of the Sere Ii the Aatocnene sphere this in tum, els cristoko- ‘ring of the Benedies: Ea 3:12Rom 1:25, 98 give Sey to Mt 215 TRowps Jerusalem wil srenaally adopt this innovation, ‘ang (0 JAS a arian gloss of he sort visible also a DSC 3: -: PE 2.90, 235,266 “he Inerplition of te Sint ito te Angbirg 121 APSCHR(ON the Renedictis was never accepted in yp becaise the isdgerous Egypian low rereple manne Satis Famemork exces it pro. 12, Reis tory thatthe Sci, when Bt sntrpolted into the anaphor, formed the coaclusion 10 2 simple eux hie payer of thanksgiving, while posible, remains yp and in my view, lity, i spite othe wo sme this hypothe has acid 15, Thee is wo evdence tat the carly cuchaist had one o> rmopsnowe anaphora pre over the gis Intd several tie anaporas show seas of pach suetre and r= {acsonal reworking 14, So even if Rati ot segnace were Hah, in @ peed of al tadiion wher impeovSation was Ube re, te exit nce of aa opening prayer pels”) of pase and thanks, complete in uel, abd cotelodng withthe Sanus or some citer conuding dxology, 1s 0 proo that this prayer was not accompanied by oer prayers of an anam- eve, opie, oF iferessor mate sue as THe ater iba costaning| he inti arte ae oir ‘materi 15, Resoat rezarch on the anophort hes. shown erly tough that one canto simply ew the eachacc prayer fr having Ween ah imcpated snare of euch Stamnes avocaog, and intrcsions fom the str. (OME 22675 2867-15 24H nt atv,‘VIE. On the Use of the Bema (1970): Sei tla ur ote Ea Sn pa ean ba Sen chal bennett pales Thedncssonet SH Joa (1 ab as) a fe i rare de ete rae 4a. Fa Tle (SN Roe mote Se pons ct eh Benin 82a 1: Vl SOne 1). Salo WE. Nexombe, “The Luge he Mota (8 7Re ord ne Worl. Eamys tw wor of eric L- Merion, 5 {Cave var 172} 1060 © Rena Ai ell of ‘echiee Vr man ate eer ate Dl Cees 7 ‘tu rm ers ana ee rt Chet youd Fado tne Neh * : Eh Sent Fie Any in toto dpa Ca Wk thn es Aner les od fs ocut oo tere {Grain ean ax ands fr Sy ate tn xa Oe pes fen Seoee rote earn earn mie aes Soles eet ees “Sscoming Asc Spies raat Roe fag, Seam 3-8) etn fo Pen epee pape aoe eae noe Dherecane und Rominewie (Soptenents wo Wise Chroranae 20, Lie foes gerr seems Pee eee oor See eae {Gas no ry ml Agee ys es Repent reec mere See eee canoe ates GENERAL INDEX Some se sos Seimei 986 aoe ‘Amana: 104 50 yp ASSeSe Sem Ath ema Soames aos SEES hei foo Se eee ee tsi ssa Hey BA ear thar fort Rasen ene 1 STE Rn 06 ise ea Spee oer te Tha 383: 8 sires 8690, 0 iene fois compa Ara an pet eae tv eso eg Lv Ses ps GX 296,293, 298 308.92, 90. Be pees Sea ea, canes