7/26/2018

REGULAR MATH vs CALCULUS

INTRODUCTION TO
CALCULUS
LESSON 1: Limits & Continuity
 Unchanging Force  Constantly Changing
 Unchanging Speed

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa

Hello “Real-World” Example

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa
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The Tangent Line Problem

LESSON 1: Limits & Continuity

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa

The Tangent Line Problem Your turn! 

Find the equation of the line tangent to

f(x) = 2x2 + 1 at x = 1.

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa
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DEFINITION 1: Informal Definition Let’s try to magnify…

The limit of a function f(x), as x approaches a ∈ R, f(x) = 3x + 1
is L ∈ R, and we write
 What is the limit of f(x) as x
approaches 2?
lim ( ) = L
→

if the values of f(x) can be made arbitrarily close

to L by choosing the values of x close enough to a.
College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa

Finding limits from a graph Finding limits from a table

Use the graph of f to determine the following values, if Create a table of values of = corresponding to values of x
possible: near 1. Then make a conjecture about the value of lim ( ) .
→

→1←
1. f(1) and lim ( )
→ X 0.9 0.99 0.999 0.9999 1.0001 1.001 1.01 1.1
2. f(2) and lim ( )
→ =
−1 0.513 0.501 0.5001 0.50001 0.4999 0.4998 0.498 0.488

3. f(3) and lim ( ) −1

→

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa
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Definition 2: One – Sided Limits Definition 3: One – Sided Limits

 Right-hand Limit – Suppose f is defined for all x near a with  Left-hand Limit – Suppose f is defined for all x near a with x
x > a. If f(x) is arbitrarily close to L for all x sufficiently close < a. If f(x) is arbitrarily close to L for all x sufficiently close to
to a with x > a, we write a with x < a, we write
lim ( ) = L lim ( ) = L
→ →

And say the limit of f(x) as x approaches a from the right And say the limit of f(x) as x approaches a from the left equals
equals L. L.

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa

Theorem 1: Relationship between One-Sided

Example 1:
and Two-Sided Limits
Examining limits graphically and numerically. Assume f is defined for all x near a except possibly
Let =
( ) at a. Then the lim ( ) = L if and only if
→
Use tables and graphs to make a conjecture about the values of

lim ( ) , lim ( ) and lim ( ) if they exist. lim ( ) = L and lim ( ) =L

→ → → → →

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Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa
 7/26/2018

Example 2: A function with a jump

Given the graph of g, find the following limits, if they exist.

1. lim ( )
→
2. lim ( )
→
3. lim ( )
→
Techniques for Computing Limits

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Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa

Limits of Linear Functions Example 3: Limits of Linear Functions

THEOREM 2. Let a, b and m be real numbers. For Evaluate the following limits.
linear functions f(x) = mx + b, lim ( ) = f(a) =
→ 1. lim , ℎ = x–7
ma + b →
2. lim ( ), where g(x) = 6
→

College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS College of Information & CSAC111 – Calculus for CS
Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa
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LIMIT LAWS
THEOREM 3: Assume lim ( ) and lim ( )
→ →
exist. The following properties hold, where c is a
real number and m > 0 and n > 0 are integers.

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LIMITS OF POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

THEOREM 4: Assume p and q are polynomials

and a is a constant.
a. Polynomial Functions: lim ( ) = f(a)
→
( ) ( )
b. Rational Functions: lim = provided
→ ( ) ( )
q(a) ≠ 0

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Communications Technology Ms. Brenda Dy – Po - Benosa