Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier​ 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794), also Antoine Lavoisier after

the ​French Revolution​, was a ​French nobleman​ and ​chemist​ who was central to the
18th-century ​chemical revolution​ and who had a large influence on both the ​history of
chemistry​ and the ​history of biology​.He is widely considered in popular literature as the
"​father of modern chemistry​".It is generally accepted that Lavoisier's great accomplishments
in chemistry stem largely from his changing the science from a ​qualitative​ to a ​quantitative
one.
He would say b) the mass of a body is the body's resistance to a change in motion

Isaac Newton ​The ​second law​ explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is
subjected to an external force. The law defines a force to be equal to change in momentum
(mass times velocity) per change in time. Newton also developed the calculus of
mathematics, and the "changes" expressed in the second law are most accurately defined in
differential forms. (Calculus can also be used to determine the velocity and location
variations experienced by an object subjected to an external force.)

He would say a)The mass of a body is the measure of the quantity of matter in an object

Albert Einstein​ determined that the laws of physics are the same for all
non-accelerating observers, and that the speed of light in a vacuum was
independent of the motion of all observers. This was the ​theory of special relativity​. It
introduced a new framework for all of physics and proposed new concepts of space
and time.

Einstein then spent 10 years trying to include acceleration in the theory and
published his theory of general relativity in 1915. In it, he determined that massive
objects cause a distortion in space-time, which is felt as gravity.

He would say c)The mass of a body depends on the body's velocity