STUDY AND MODIFICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT AT JASPUR

(Arnab Biswas, Anil Singh Bali, Tabiyar Dhiren, Zaveri Ronak),

ABSTRACT:

India is a large country with growing demands of food, water and shelter. The demand for food and
fodder is continuously rising due to indiscriminate population increase which in turn leads to more
domestic waste, sewage and solid wastes generation and thereby causing pollution of our
environment. The situation is very drastic in Indian context and this situation can only be handled by
not throwing sewage directly to natural resources and reusing the treated water thus reducing the
overall demand of freshwater. In India an estimated 62,000 mld sewage is generated in urban areas
while the treatment capacity across India is 23,277 mld thus about 37% of sewage generated is being
disposed into water bodies leading to sewer problems. The main aim of this paper is to suggest any
possible modification in treatment process in the sewage plant taken under consideration in order to
improve the effluent quality and thus minimizing the pollution of water resources.

INTRODUCTION:

The sewage includes domestic, municipal or industrial liquid products being generated from
residence, hospitals, offices, industries, etc. Domestic sewage contains a wide variety of dissolved
and suspended impurities and is a primary source of pathogens and putrescible organic substances.
Sewage treatment plant of Jaspur, Gandhinagar is one of the three sewage treatment plant which is
currently operational. Activated sludge process (ASP) technology was used for sewage treatment
plant. Considering the 80 percent of water supplied gets generated as wastewater, the Gandhinagar
municipal corporation information points that available treatment capacity in the city is 90 mld while
the wastewater in the city comes to 60 mld thus the city has a surplus of 30 mld of wastewater
treatment capacity. In this paper based on study of various components of STP some units of plant
are not working properly. Grit chamber, polishing tank, plant laboratory need some modification and
there is need to design sludge digestion tank.

MODIFICATION:

A. GRIT CHAMBER:
The chambers were square in design and the scrappers rotate in circular motion due to
which the grit accumulated on the corners were not removed at all. Later shovels were
required to remove it manually and the efficiency also reduces resulting in more load on
subsequent treatment units. Accumulation of grit on corners can be prevented by
proper design of side slopes.

B. TERTIARY TREATMENT:
The treated wastewater is mainly used for irrigation purposes therefore treatment upto
secondary treatment can give satisfactory output, but it can also be used for other
purposes such as ground water recharge, industrial purpose, toilet flushing and other
purposes.
1. PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER:
 Eutrophication of surface waters can be prevented by controlling phosphorus discharged
from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Eutrophication of lakes and natural waters
is mainly caused by phosphorus. Biological solids or chemical precipitates should be used
for the removal of phosphorus.

2. NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER

Denitrification is the conversion of nitrate to inert nitrogen gas. It is the final step in the
nitrogen cycle, a combination of natural processes by which nitrogen transform from
one form to another. Ion exchange chemical reduction and biological denitrification can
be used to remove nitrogen from wastewater.

C. SLUDGE DIGESTION TANK:

The sludge is first of all stabilized by decomposing organic matter under controlled
anaerobic conditions, and then disposed off suitably by drying on drying beds. In a
sludge digestion process, the sludge gets broken into three forms: Digested sludge,
supernatant liquor and gases of decomposition.
The digested sludge is dewatered, dried up, and used as a fertilizer, while the gases
produced are used for fuel or driving gas engines. The supernatant liquor contains about
1500 to 3000 ppm of suspended solids, and is, therefore retreated at the treatment
plant along with the raw sewage.

CONCLUSION:

For better efficiency of the plant proper maintenance and operation is required. The old
machines which are resulting in increased hydraulic load and less efficiency should be
changed. By adding anaerobic digester better sludge quality along with earning of some
revenue can be done. The treated can also be used for horticulture, arboriculture and
ground water recharge