The analysis of the National OSH situation

Purpose & elements to consider

Purpose: decomposing the understanding of the overall
OSH problem to be solved into discrete requirements.
 Identification of components.
 Analysis of each component.
 Analysis of structure and organization.
 Analysis of resources.
 Analysis of relations and coordination.
 Adjustment to the reality.
Analysis of national
 Trends.
OSH situation and setting policy priorities
 Consideration of the ILO instruments.
Felix Martin Daza & Nicholas Levintow

The analysis of the National OSH situation

The analysis of the National OSH situation
Tools: SWOT Analysis
Strong and weak points

Strong points are aspects on which the

OSH system is performing well.

Weak points are aspects on which the

OSH System is not performing well.

Gaps are inexistent structures and

components that should be developed

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 The analysis of the National OSH situation The analysis of the National OSH situation
Tools: Problem diagramme Tools: Fundamental causes

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Focused studies and research Focused studies and research

Types of usual focused studies Comparative analysis

•Analysis by sectors, sub

sectors & activities (risk
maps).
•Analysis of groups of workers
(young workers, informal
workers, etc.).
•Analysis of hazards.
•Analysis of health damages
(epidemiological studies).
•Analysis of compliance with
legal requirements.

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 Interpreting data (Examples) Interpreting data
Some relevant factors Reports of occupational diseases
Country Populations GDP per Reported cases of Year
It is necessary to consider many factors, including: (Millions) capita (US$) Occupational
World Bank Diseases

 Coverage of the systems for recognition, including health Argentina 40 12,034 22,013 2010
surveillance systems and compensation Benin 6.6 1,583 1 2007
Burkina Faso 15.7 1,513 4 2007
 Changes in work process and organization can influence the China 1.339 9,233 27,240 2010
morbility and mortality trend over time Cote d’Ivoire 17.5 2,039 11 2009
France 65 36,104 71,194 2010
 Awareness of occupational diseases among workers and Italy 60 33,111 46,558 2011
employers Japan 127 35,178 7,779 2011
Senegal 12.8 1,944 7 2008
 Definition of occupational diseases Thailand 65 9,820 4,575 2009
UK 61 36,901 8,530 2009
USA 307 49,965 224,500 2009

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Interpreting data Reporting of occupational diseases in

Statistics of occupational accidents (Malaysia) selected countries

All occupationnal diseases

China: 12,212 (2005)  27,240 (2010)
France: 53,605 (2007)  71,194 (2010)
Italy: 28,933 (2007) 46,558 (2011)

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)

Korea: 1,634 (2001)  5,502 (2010)

Mental disorders
Japan: 108 (2003)  325 (2011)
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 Number of Compensated Cases of Cerebrovascular Diseases and
Interpreting data Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Overwork (Japan)
Increased reporting of occupational diseases (Korea)

MDS Prevention programme Low back pains added to OD list

11,472
Occupational diseases (OD)
10,235
9,734
9,130 9,183
8,721

7723 7,803
7,495
7,247
6733
6233 6234
5,653 5502
5,417
5077
4532
Musculoskeletal disorders
4112 (MDS)
2901

1634 1827

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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Interpreting data Challenges in Germany

Global asbestos consumption: comparison Asbestos induced occupational diseases

250 3000
800

[1000 t] [1000 t]
Russia 2000: 700,000 t !! expected
700 curve (2005) 2500
200
Asbestos consumption in 1000 t

asbestos

Asbestos consumption
600 actual
consumption in 2000

asbestos production /
curve
Germany

pensions
150
500 USA

pensions
China 38 years 1500

comsumption
400 Japan median latency
Germany 100

new
time from first
300 France 1000

new
exposition to disease
200 50 asbestosis + 500
lung cancer +
100 mesothelioma
fatalities
0 0
0
1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Dr. Sven Timm, DGUV, Germany Dr. Sven Timm, DGUV, Germany
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Trends in Asbestos production, exports and Number of deaths from mesothelioma Great
deaths in Canada Britain)

(HSE Mesothelioma Register, Great Britain)

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Imported amount of asbestos and the number of 55 states have banned asbestos
fatalities caused by mesothelioma, Japan, UK

Fatalities caused by Mesothelioma per 0.1 Mil.

350
Imported Amount Fatalities 6
GB GB
300 1960
1974
Japan Japan
5
Imported
250 Amount
(ton) per 0.1 Mil.
4
200

3
150

2
100

50 1

0 0
1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

2005
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 Interpreting data (Examples) Hours/day, hours/week and
Why did not the risk assessment work? Spain occupational accidents and diseases
74.4% enterprises
had done the risk
assessment Spain 2011.
Analysis of 199 fatal accidents
47.2% enterprises
had identified the
hazard of the fatal
accident
42.2% enterprises
had defined the
preventive
measures
Only 8.5%
enterprises had
applied the
preventive The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States, 2005
measures
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Overtime or extended hours and occupational accidents Setting priorities on OSH

and diseases Who and how
PRIORITIES: Something deserving prior attention than other things.

Information-
based process

SETTING
PRIORITIES

Resource
Dynamic
focussed
process
process
The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States, 2005

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 Setting priorities Setting priorities
Why Criteria for selecting priorities
to ensure a coherent and effective use of
limited or scarce resources. Importance
Durability or sustainability
for efficiency, to guarantee that are allocated Efficiency
where more impact can be produced; Effectiveness
Equity
to set order in the timing; Coherence.
Public concern
to concentrate the efforts of different Desirability
organizations.

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Setting priorities Why did OSH for young workers become a priority
Types of national priorities in OSH in the EU? - Evidences from research
Categories Reducing occurrences and Strengthening the OSH system
• Young workers (aged 18-24) have more than 40% higher
of priorities exposures
risk of having an occupational accident.
Purpose Reducing accidents, specific Strengthening of the OSH
illnesses, hazards or infrastructure and its • Young workers are more exposed to noise, vibrations, heat
exposures. effectiveness. and cold, and the handling of dangerous substances.
Goal Allow easily quantifiable Typically qualitatively defined. • Working in awkward positions, handling heavy loads, and
goals (targets)
repetitive work are more common among young workers.
Type of Direct actions with workers, OSH regulations, technical
activities employers and enterprises. advice schemes, education • Young workers seem to be less informed.
systems, information; inspection • More shift work and weekend work and have more irregular
system, OSH information, etc. working hours.
Effects Focused effect on selected Systemic effect
enterprises, sectors, hazards,
• More likely to report being the subject of unwanted sexual
etc. attention.
Term of Short and medium term Medium and long term
impact
Durability Immediate impact Sustainable impact

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 WG Exercise:
Setting policy priorities on young workers
• Discuss and select in the group the most
important policy priorities and measures to be
implemented, in order to enhance and promote the
safety and health of young workers in your country.
• You have only 30 minutes for the working
group discussion (you may access the internet if
necessary).
• Justify the policy priorities and key measures
you have selected; briefly identify any policies and
measures that you discussed, but chose not to make
a national OSH priority.
• Select a spokesperson to present your
conclusions (4 minutes maximum for each group
presentation).

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