SERVICES – III ( HVAC )

Course code : 17AATC303

 Topics / Chapters Teaching No. of No. of No. of Questions
Hrs Questions in Questions in in Assignment
Minor I Minor II

Unit I

1.Mechanical Ventilation 4 1.00 --

2.Air conditioning 8 2.00 --

Unit II

3.Air conditioning load calculation 2 -- 1.00 1.00

4. Lifts 6 -- 1.00 1.00

5.Escalators 4 -- 1.00 1.00

Unit III

6. Fire safety 2 -- -- 1.00

7.Active fire protection 2 -- -- 1.00

COURSE STRUCTURE
 INTRODUCTION

• IN 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Carrier in
New York.

• The first air conditioner, designed and built in by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902.
DEFINE

Process of treating the air to control simultaneously its :

• Temperature,
• Humidity,
• Purity and distribution to meet the requirements of
controlled space.

Requirement For Conditioned Space

Air conditioning units outside a building
• Needs of certain industrial processes
(The conditioning creates, controls and maintains such an environment
inside the conditioned space, that it would suit best to the needs of industry.)
• Efficient working of commercial premises/offices
• Comfort and health of occupants

Comfort means different conditions to different people, enabling to carry out desired activity
without being either to chill or too hot.
SPACE CONDITIONS AFFECTING COMFORT :

ROOM AIR TEMPERATURE ( DRY BULB

TEMPERATURE )

MOISTURE or HUMIDITY OF ROOM

MRT ( MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE )

For human comfort, air should have the following properties :

1.Temperature -22 °C to 27 °C
2. Humidity - 55% to 65% Relative Humidity
3.Velocity - 0.3 -0.5 m/s.
AIR – CONDITIONING – AIR QUALITY

Dry Air : Dry air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, argon, neon ,helium
etc.

Mechanical
Moist Air : It is an ordinary air, which ventilation
is a mixture of dry air and water vapor.

Saturated Air : It is the air which contains maximum amount of water vapor which the air
can hold at a given temperature and pressure.

Relative Humidity (RH) : It is the ratio of mass of water vapour in a given volume of moist air at
a given temperature to the mass of water vapour contained in the same volume of moist air at
the same temperature when the air is saturated.

Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) : It is the temperature of air measured by an ordinary thermometer.
This is the temperature we feel & it is actual temperature.

Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) : It is the temperature recorded by a thermometer, when its bulb is
covered by a wet cloth and is exposed to a current of moving air.
Wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be reached by the evaporation of water only.
AIR – CONDITIONING – AIR QUALITY

Therefore, the air conditioning must be able to vary the temperature

and humidity of the air conditioning
Mechanicalspace according to
ventilation
the outside conditions.

That means:-
In hot arid regions
it must reduce temperature and increase
humidity;
In hot ( Warm)-humid regions,
reduce both temperature and humidity;
In cold and sunny regions,
increase both temperature and humidity .
APPLIC ATIONS

Mechanical
Architectural applications- Residences,ventilation
Theatres, hotels, banks, Hospital etc.

Industrial applications- To control chemical & biochemical reactions .

Transport applications – automobiles, air -Craft, ships etc. .

Spécial applications – T .V centres , computer centres etc.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
•Increased comfort level.
•In extreme heat, air-conditioning can be
a life saver.
•Less noise and also Prevents the dust
entering the room as the windows will
be closed
•Gives constant temperature
•Attractive design and Simple control
•Easy maintenance installation
Disadvantage
•Most air conditioners use a substantial amount
of energy,
•High cost money
•Contributing to pollution from power plants.
•Older models contain chemicals that can
damage the environment if they escape.
•Habitant spending time indoors instead of out
have less contact with nature.
•Too cool temperatures will lead to improper
blood circulation
AIR – CONDITIONING CYCLES

CYCLES of air conditioning systems

1.Filtration

2.Heating (in winter)

3.Cooling (in summer)

4.Humidification

5.Dehumidification

6.Air circulation or distribution

AIR – CONDITIONING CYCLES

1.Filtration

•Should be capable of removing dust, ash, smoke, bacteria etc.

•Should be capable of holding moderate amount of dust

without affecting the efficiency

•Should offer low resistance to flow of air

•Workable under sufficient range of velocities.

•Should afford easy cleaning manually or mechanically

AIR – CONDITIONING CYCLES

2.Heating (in winter)

•Heating is necessary in winter so as to compensate heat loss

from room.

•Pre heating of incoming air may be done by passing over air

furnaces or coils through which hot water is circulated
AIR – CONDITIONING CYCLES

3. Cooling (in summer)

Cooling of incoming air is necessary in summer.

Principle of mechanical refrigeration is used.

AIR – CONDITIONING CYCLES

4. Humidification
•Humidification or addition of water is necessary in winter
because of low temp has less humidity.

•Incoming air is passed through pans of water or wet cloth

strips

5. Dehumidification

•In this process certain amount of water is extracted from air.

•This is done in summer where incoming air is cooled.
•Adsorbents can be used to adsorb excess moisture from air .
AIR – CONDITIONING CLASSIFIC ATIONS

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SEASON / TEMPERATURE

1) SUMMER AIR CONDITIONING

In summer outside temperature is more and hence cooling of air is required .
Hence system consists of
i) Air cleaning
ii) Air cooling
iii) Dehumidification
iv) Air distribution/
Circulation.
AIR – CONDITIONING CLASSIFIC ATIONS

In this system air is cooled & dehumidified.

• The outside air flows through the
damper and is filtered using the filter.

• The air is then passed through a

cooling coil and the air gets cooled
below the required temperature and is
also dehumidified.
• The cooled air is then passed through
the water eliminator and water is
collected in the sump.

• After that air is made to pass through

a heating coil to reach the desired
comfort condition.

• The conditioned air is now supplied to

the space using the blower.
AIR – CONDITIONING CLASSIFIC ATIONS

1) WINTER air conditioning

In winter outside temperature is low hence heating of air is needed for comfort.
Cycle of operations consists of
i) Air cleaning
ii) Air heating
iii) Humidification
iv) Air distribution/circulation
AIR – CONDITIONING CLASSIFIC ATIONS

•The outside air is sucked in through the damper

and is filtered using an air filter.

•The air is then passed through a preheat coil to

heat the air to control the evaporation of water
in the humidifier.

Steam is mixed with the air in required quantity to increase the humidity to 55% RH.

•The air is then passed through a reheat coil to bring it to the comfort temperature
of 22 °C.

•The conditioned air is then supplied to the conditioned space by a blower.

•Cold polluted air is discharged out and outside air is again sucked to repeat the cycle.
AIR – CONDITIONING COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS

BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVLhrLTF878

AIR – CONDITIONING COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS

An air conditioner is like a refrigerator without the insulated box. It evaporates

a refrigerant, like Freon, to provide cooling.

Most Air Conditioners Have:

A compressor
An expansion valve
A hot coil (on the outside)
A chilled coil (on the inside)
Two fans
A control unit
TYPES OF AIR – CONDITIONING SYSTEM
AIR CONDITIONING

DUCTABLE SYSTEMS
NON – DUCTED PRODUCTS
PACKAGED CENTRAL PLANTS
AIRCONDITIONERS
WINDOW SPLIT
AIRCONDITIONERS AIRCONDITIONERS
AIR- COOLED FLOOR STANDING
DUCTABLE SPLITS PACKAGED
Floor mounted Wall mounted Ceiling mounted AIR-CONDITIONERS

AIR COOLED WATER COOLED

Exposed Hide-away Cassette
type type type
TYPES OF AIR – CONDITIONING SYSTEM
TYPES OF AIR – CONDITIONING SYSTEM

AHU
•Device used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC
system

•Large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements,

filter, and sound attenuators.

•Connects to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air

through the building and returns it to the AHU

Typical AHU components:

1. Supply duct
2. Fan compartment
3. Flexible connection
4. Heating and/or cooling coil
5. Filter compartment
6. Return and fresh air duct
ASSIGNMENT : AIR – CONDITIONING SYSTEM

ASSIGNMENT –

- Group 1 - Window air conditioner , Floor mounted / tower AC, Ceiling Mounted / Cassette AC .
( Definition, Image, Advantages, Explain two Compartments) ( Definition, Advantages).
- Group 2 - Multi- splits, Packaged Air-Conditioning System, AIR COOLED packaged Air-Conditioning
system. ( Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages).

- Group 3 –
- Group 4 –
- Group 5 –
- Group 6 –