LIFTS

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN BUILDING

Introduction to lifts
Types of lifts
Types of openings
 • The lift is a type of vertical transport
equipment that efficiently moves
people or goods between floors ( levels,
decks ) of a building, vessel or other
What is a Lift ? structure .

• Generally powered by electric motors

that either drive cables, hoist or pump
hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical
piston like a jack.
 •The need for vertical transport is as
old as civilization. Over the centuries
,mankind has employed ingenious
forms of lifting.
•The first elevator designed for a
passenger was built in1743 for King
Louis XV at his palace in France.
The one-person contraption went up
HISTORY OF only one floor, from the first to the
LIFT second.
Known as the "Flying Chair," it was on
the outside of the building, and was
entered by the king via his balcony.

•The invention of the world's first

safety elevator by Elisha Graves Otis.
•The first passenger elevator was
installed by Otis in NewYork in 1857.
 •Rapid development : buildings design
nowadays built vertically
/higher because of high land cost.
• Basic needs : to bring building user from one
Importance of level to higher level in
LIFT building
• Comfort needs : working efficiency for office
building or large
organization.
•Fire requirements : fire lift to be used during
fire.
Basic
terminologies .
 LIFT CAR
• Platform where passengers or goods is transported.
•Constructed with steel or iron attached with steel frame.
• Fire resistance.

Equipment to be provided – door, floor panel indicators,

Lift button of request, phone, emergency button, lighting,
components ventilation and enough emergency supplies.
 LIFT SHAFT
• Constructed with reinforced concrete.
• To accommodate the loading and fire resistance.
• Size of lift shaft space is determined
by the number of user

Lift
components

lift shaft
of a hydraulic elevator. The
hydraulic ram is to the left
 LIFT ( LANDING ) DOOR
• Lift car is equipped with its own door (sliding type).
•Security measure – resist the movement as long as the door is
still open.
•Self closing within a certain time frame.

Lift
components
 GUARD RAIL
• Work to keep the car and the counterweight.
• Mounted on both sides of the lift shaft which is attached to
• the wheel of the car.
• A safety device to hold the lift from crashing down if the
rope break.
BUFFER
•To absorb the impact of the lift car when it fell.
• Placed in a room called the lift pit.
Lift COUNTERWEIGHT
Load borne by the generator is balanced by the counterweight.
components Connected with a wire rope of the elevatorcar.
Function of counterweight :
- To grip the lift car
- Reduce the power of generator
- Reduce the brake to stop the car lifts

GOVERNOR
Usually placed at the top of lift shaft. Placed in room equipped with a lifting
beam for maintenance purposes. Have electric motor, safety gear, guard rail,
diaphragm motion and gear.
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Utility – The function must be identified whether for commercial,
office or hospital.
Capacity & number of lifts – depends on the access building pattern
and
building size.
Selection Speed – depends on the number of stops, numbers of user and
transport cost.
factors Type & size of lift gate – depends on the use or function.

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
Size of lift shaft – depends on lift cargo capacity
Depth of lift shaft – depends on the speed of elevator
Area of space in lift – depends on speed of elevators.
Mechanical room size – depends on type and size of the lift
equipment.
 LIFT ARRANGEMENT
•To ensure there is no interference between passengers who
wish to get into the lift.
• Should be carefully planned so can easily get into lobby and
travel distance is reasonable.
Location & •Maximum travel distance 150 – 200ft
Lift • System layout depends on the number of elevator cars that use
the elevator
Arrangement • Normally the elevator is set in the layout or zoned.

BENEFIT
• If there is high traffic , the usage is at optimum level
• Waiting time will be shorten.
Lift
Arrangement
for 2 car lift
Lift
Arrangement
for 3 car lift
Lift
Arrangement
for 4 car lift
Lift
Arrangement
for 6 car lift
Lift
Arrangement
for 8 car lift
  Hydraulic Lift states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined
incompressible fluid is Transmitted equally in all directions
throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations (initial
differences) remain the same.
HYDRAULIC
LIFTS
Pascal's law :
is a principle in
fluid
mechanics
HYDRAULIC
LIFTS
Hydraulic elevators
Hydraulic elevators are used
extensively in buildings up to five
or six stories high.

These elevators—which can

operate at speeds up to 58 meters
per minute

These do not use the large

overhead hoisting machinery the
way geared and gearless systems
do.

Instead, a typical hydraulic

elevator is powered by a piston
that travels inside a cylinder.

An electric motor pumps oil into

the cylinder to move the piston.

The piston smoothly lifts the

elevator cab. Electrical valves
control the release of the oil for a
gentle descent.
PNEUMATIC ELEVATORS
•Pneumatic elevators are raised
and
lowered by controlling air
pressure in a
chamber in which the elevator
sits.
•By simple principles of physics;
the difference in air pressure
above and
beneath the vacuum elevator
cab
literally transports cab by air.

•It is the vacuum pumps or

turbines that pull cab up to the
next Floor and the slow release
of air pressure that floats cab
down.
•They are especially ideal for
existing homes due to their
compact design because
excavating a pit and hoist way
are not required.
•A- Hospital Bed Elevators
Hospital bed elevators generally transport patients who are not well enough
to sit up even in a wheelchair.
• Hospital bed elevators generally draw very little power and operational off
the hospital's backup power supply.
•Most often there will be a rear and a front entry to the elevator cabin.
•
B- Hospital Stretcher Lift
They usually are smaller than bed elevators.
•This particular type of elevator is usually hydraulic or traction based
depending on the location of the machine room.
They are specifically manufactured to be low-noise bed elevators that
smoothly transport patients, doctors, nurses and hospital staff between
floors, allowing them the utmost in comfort.
 Industrial Elevators
The most common types of industrial elevators are hoist elevators and incline elevators.
These types of elevators are built to carry huge amounts of weight effortlessly, therefore the term
industrial elevators. This type of elevators is used in construction, warehouses, and shipyards.

A-Hoist Elevators

Hoist elevators are operated by a pulley or series of pulleys and they can be a simple platform or a cage in
which humans or heavy materials are moved up and down during industrial applications. Generally, a
pulley operates a rope or chain that wraps around a drum causing the elevator to rise or descend.
. Hoist elevators carrying materials and equipment to upper levels as needed while the building is being
constructed. They are also commonly used to load equipment and supplies on large seagoing vessels.