Archimedes Principle Derivation

The mass of the liquid displaced is.

Mass = Density × Volume = ρ × V

This is because density (ρ) is defined as

Density,ρ = MassVolume = MV

Thus the weight of that displaced liquid is:

Weight = Mass × Acceleration due to gravity

W = M × g = ρ × V × g

Thus from Archimedes principle, we can write:

Apparent loss of weight = weight of water displaced = ρ×V×g

Thus the Thrust force is,

Thrust = ρ × V × g

Where,

 ρ is the density of liquid

 V is the volume of liquid displaced

The thrust force is also called the buoyant force because it is responsible for objects to float. Thus, this
equation is also called the law of buoyancy.

ARCHIMEDES’

Calculate the resulting force, if a steel ball of radius 6 cm is immersed in water. Assume the density of
lead is 7900 kg.m-3.

Ans: Given,

Radius of steel ball = 6 cm = 0.06 m

Volume of steel ball, V = 43πr3

V = 43π0.063

∴V = 9.05 × 10-4 m3

Density of water, ρ = 1000 kg.m-3

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m.s-2

From Archimedes principle formula,

Fb = ρ × g × V

Fb = (1000 kg.m-3)(9.8 m.s-2)(9.05 × 10-4 m3)

∴Fb = 8.87N

Calculate the buoyant force, if a floating body is 95% submerged in water. Density of water is 1000
kg.m-3.

Ans: Given,
Density of water, p = 1000 kg.m-3
From Archimedes principle formula,
Fb = ρ × g × V or Vb × ρb × g = ρ × g × V

Where,

ρ,g, and V are the density, acceleration due to gravity, and volume of the water V b, ρb, and g are the
volume, density, and acceleration due to gravity of body immersed

Rearranging the equation,

ρb=VρVb

Since 95% of the body is immersed,

0.95 Vb = V

∴ρb = 950 kg.m-3

A ball of mass 2 kg that has a diameter of 50 cm falls in the pool. Compute its buoyant force and
volume of water displaced.
Answer:

Known:

Mass of water, m = 2 kg,

Diameter of ball, d = 0.5 m r = 0.25 m

The force is given by F = mg. Hence buoyant force is

F = 2 kg × 9.8 m/s2 = 19.6 N

The Archimedes formula is given by F = ρρ g Vdisp

Hence the volume of given body=Volume of the displaced liquid

Calculate the buoyant force acting on it, if a stone of mass 250 g is thrown in water?

Answer:

Known: m (Mass of stone) = 0.25 kg,

The buoyant force is given by

F = mg

= 0.25 ×× 9.8

= 2.45 N.

Thus, 2.45 N of upward force is being applied on the stone.

PASCAL’S

In a hydraulic system, a piston with a cross-sectional area of 21 square centimeters pushes on an

incompressible liquid with a force of 38 newtons. The far end of the hydraulic pipe connects to a
second piston with a cross-sectional surface area of 100 square centimeters. What is the force on the
second piston?
A piston of cross-section area 100 cm2is used in a hydraulic press to exert a force of 10^7 dynes on the
water. The cross-sectional area of the other piston which supports an object having a mass 2000 kg.
is?

a) 100 cm2 (b) 109cm2 (c)2 × 104cm2 (d) 2×1010cm2