MOLINA, JOHN ALVIN B.

BSED SCIENCE 1-D

Conceptual Questions

1. Why is it difficult to swim under water in the Great Salt Lake?

- The water has a salinity of roughly 12%, making it significantly saltier than the ocean. People
may easily float in the water since it is so buoyant.

When compared to regular salt, salt increases the overall density of the water and makes it denser
(with fewer stray particles). On a dense surface, objects float better (less strayed particle). Which
means it will be difficult for you to stay immersed in the water when swimming in salt water.

2. In a hypothermic needle, how would you compare the pressure given by the push of
the hand of the nurse to the pressure at the end of the needle? Explain.

- You can either apply a large force or a force over a limited region to create a large amount of
pressure (or do both). To put it another way, pressure is determined by the force applied as well
as the region over which it acts. A needle, for example, may not have an effect on the skin when
a person is jabbed with their finger. If the same amount of force is applied to the same place, the
needle's sharp edge will be large enough to break the skin. The utilization of fluids to convey
forces is a cornerstone of hydraulics, and this phenomenon develops as a direct outcome of
Pascal's principle. Pascal’s principle says that a change in pressure in any part of an enclosed
fluid is transmitted undiminished to all parts of the fluid.

3. Do fluids exert buoyant forces in a “weightless” environment, such as in the space

shuttle? Explain your answer.

- Yes and No. On Earth, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object
displaced, according to Archimedes' principle. There is no buoyancy in zero gravity since the
fluid has no weight. However, there is a microgravity environment in space. Buoyancy is still
present, but it functions in a very different way.
Problem Set
1. a) What is the total pressure on the scuba diver in a lake at depth of 8m?

Solution: PT = Pa + Pw
PT = 1.01 x 105 + (1 x 103) (9.8) (8)
PT = 179,400 Pa

b) What is the force on the diver’s back due to water alone taking the surface of diver’s
back to be a rectangle 60cm by 50cm?

Solution: F = pwA
F = (78,400) (0.6) (0.5)
F = 23,520 N

2. Find the pressure at the bottom of the vessel 76cm deep when filled with
(a) water

Solution: P = hdg
P = (.76m) (1000kg/m3) (9.8)
P = 7448 Pa

(b) alcohol

Solution: P = hdg
P = (.76m) (789 kg/m³) (9.8)
P = 5,876.472 Pa

(c) oil
Solution: P = hdg
P = (.76m) (870 kg/m³) (9.8)
P = 6,479.76 P
 3. How high would the water in pipes of a building if the pressure gauge shows that the
pressure on the ground is 3x105 Pa?

Solution:
P = phg
Taking value of 'g' = 9.8 m / sec²

Putting values here we get:

270 × 10³ = 10³ × h × 9.8
1270 × 10³
h= 19.8 × 10³ m

h = 270 / 9.8 m
h = 27.6 m

4. A garage lift has an input and lift pistons with diameters of 10cm and 30cm respectively.
The lift is used to hold up a car with weight of 1.4x104 N.

a. What is the force on the input piston?

Solution:
𝐴
F1 = F₀ (𝐴1 )
0

7.85x10−3 𝑚2
F1 = 1.4 x 104 N ( )
7.07x10−3 𝑚2

F1 =1,550 N

b. What pressure is applied to the input piston?

Solution:
𝐹₁ 1,554 N
P1 = = = 2.0x105 N/m2
𝐴₁ 7.85x10−3 𝑚2

𝐹₂ 1.4 x 104 N
P1 = = 7.07x10−3𝑚2
𝐴₂

P1 = 2.0x105 N/m2
 5. A pressure that can support a column of water 60 cm high supports a column of given salt
solution. Find the density of the salt solution 50 cm high.

Solution:
𝑚
rho = 𝑣

rho = 0.6×1000×g = 0.5×p×g

400
rho = 0.5

rho = 1,200 kg/m3

6. An irregularly shaped piece of metal has a mass of 90g in air. It is suspended from a scale
and reads 75g when the piece is submerged in water. What are the volume and density of
the piece of metal?
Solution:
𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝑎𝑖𝑟)
Density of metal = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)

90
Density of metal = =6
15

Density of metal = 6pw = 6000 kg/m3

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Volume = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦

90 𝑥 10−3
Volume =
6000

0.09
Volume = 6000

Volume = 1000 m3