ROCHELE A.

FORONDA
BSMT-1B

1. What "scenario" in the anime describes the blood vessels pathway (what does it look like) of
the skin, particularly in the dermis?


a. Describe what are the differences between epidermis and dermis.

 The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells that covers an organism's body. There are
no blood vessels in the epidermis, therefore there are no nerves. While nerve endings,
blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles are all found in dermis, which is the layer
of live cells beneath the epidermis. It is made up of a thin network of vessels called
capillaries, as well as nerves that carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to
the brain and this layer's open nerve endings are the source of pain sensations.

2. What are other related anatomical structures that you can see in the episode? You
can present a picture of the character and the pictures of it in real life (microscope)
and provide their description.

PLATELETS

- small, colorless cell

fragments in our blood
that form clots and stop
or prevent bleeding.

VASODILATION

-widening of blood
vessels as a result of the
relaxation of the blood
vessel's muscular walls

FIBRIN

-tough protein substance

that is arranged in long
fibrous chains
 3. Based on the episode feature, what happened to the wound and how did they work it
out to close the wound? Relate it in an anatomical and physiological way.
 A wound can sometimes penetrate the dermis, which contains blood vessels, glands, and
nerve endings that allow the skin to perform its functions and when this happens, the
four overlapping stages are triggered. Hemostasis is the first stage, which is the skin’s
response to two immediate threats. That loosing blood and that the epidermis’ physical
barrier has been breached. And in the process known as vasoconstriction, the blood
arteries contract to reduce bleeding. By producing blood clot, Both hazards are mitigated.
After three hours the skin begin to turns red which means the next stage is about to
come. Inflammation is the next wherein there is a process known as phagocytosis in
addition to producing growth factor to spur healing. About two to three days after the
wound, the proliferative stage occurs when fibroblast cells begin to enter the wound. And
finally, in the fourth stage of remodeling, the wound matures as the newly deposited
collagen is rearrange and converted into specific types. Then there the tensile strength of
the new skin is improved ad blood vessels and other connections are strengthened.
4. Explain the homeostasis that happened in the anime episode of Cells at Work.
 When an injury causes a blood vessel wall to break, platelets are activated. They change
shape from round to spiny, stick to the broken vessel wall and each other, and begin to
plug the break. They also interact with other blood proteins to form fibrin and fibrin
strands form a net that entraps more platelet and blood cells, producing a clot that plugs
the break.
a. What are the roles of platelet in the episode?
 Platelets are little blood cells that assisted body to stop bleeding by forming clots. And
when the blood artery in body is injured, it sends messages to platelets then there is the
platelets rush to the damaged area and form a clot to stop the bleeding.
b. What are the noticeable compounds that were used in the body to heal the wound in
the episode? 
 Clotting proteins in the blood are activated and follow a coagulation cascade that
produces a gel-like clot this dries and forms a scab. Fibroblast, they are activated by
injury to the skin and migrate to the wound site. Fibroblast produced collagen, a fibrous
protein that allows cells to withstand stretching. Collagen is produced within the
fibroblasts and then secreted.
c. Describe the 3 stages of tissue repair and write the following events on it.
The inflammatory phase begins immediately after the injury and can persist up to four days.
The proliferative phase begins three days after the injury and runs concurrently with the
inflammatory phase.
After an accident, the remodeling phase can last anywhere from six months to a year.
5. Membranes
Answer the following questions about tissues and their properties:
a. Define the following kinds of membranes: mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial. How
do they differ from one another?
 Mucous Membrane
 The mucous membranes are found in regions where the skin meets the mucous
membranes. Their purpose, like that of the latter, is to shield the body from the elements.
Mucous is a thick, viscous substance secreted by the majority of them, thus their name.

 Serous Membrane
 Serous membranes are lubricating membranes that line closed internal body cavities and
release a little amount of fluid.
 Cutaneous Membrane
 The precise word for our skin is the cutaneous membrane. The major function of the skin
is to protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs from abrasions, chemical damage
from detergents, and biological harm from microbes.
 Synovial Membrane
 A connective tissue layer that lines joint cavities, tendon sheaths, and bursae (fluid-filled
sacs between tendons and bones). It also produces lubricating synovial fluid.
  There are two basic types of tissue membranes which are connective tissue membranes
and epithelial membranes. Under the connective tissue membrane is synovial membrane
which is a type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely movable
joint. Under the epithelial membranes are mucous, which contain glands, serous, which
secrete fluid and cutaneous which makes up the skin.

b. Where is each type of membrane located in the body? What are their functions?
 The fluid within the joint is produced by synovial membranes, which border the joint
cavities. The skin, or cutaneous membrane covers the body’s surface. The digestive,
respiratory, urinary, and reproductive pathways are all lined with mucous membranes
and they are encrusted with mucous gland secretions. Serous membranes line peritoneal,
pleural, and pericardial spaces which are closed to the outside of the body.