FORMAT NO: LP 01

ISSUE NO: 2
ISSUE DATE: 28.01.12

EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
COURSE PLAN
Regulation – 2017

Course/Branch : BTech/IT Total no. of hours given in syllabus:

Subject Code : MA8391 Lecture : 60
Subject Title : Probability and Statistics Tutorials : 0
Year/Semester : II/IV (2018-2019) Practical : -
Faculty Name : TOTAL : 60

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. This course aims at providing the required skill to apply the statistical tools in engineering
problems.
2. To introduce the basic concepts of probability and random variables.
3. To introduce the basic concepts of two dimensional random variables.
4. To acquaint the knowledge of testing of hypothesis for small and large samples which place an
important role in real life problems.
5. To introduce the basic concepts of classifications of design of experiments which place very
important roles in the field of agriculture and statistical quality control.
OUTCOME OF COURSE :
Upon successful completion of the course students will be able to
MA8391.1 Understand the fundamental knowledge of the concepts of probability and have the
knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real life phenomenon.
MA8391.2 Understand the basic concepts of one and two dimensional random variables and
applying engineering applications .
MA8391.3 Apply the concepts of testing of hypothesis for small and large samples in real life problems.
MA8391.4 Apply the basic concepts of classifications of design of experiments in the field of agriculture and
statistical quality control.
MA8391.5 Have the notion of sampling distribution and statistical techniques used in engineering and
management problems.
This course aims at providing the required skill to apply the statistical tools in engineering problems.
S. No. Topics No. of Text/Ref Page. No. Teaching
hours Books Methodology

UNIT I –PROBABILITY and RANDOM VARIABLES

UNIT OBJECTIVES:

To introduce the basic concepts of probability and random variables.

1. Probability – Axioms of Probability 61-63 Chalk and Board

T1
1
2. Conditional probability 1 T1 70-75 Chalk and Board
3. Baye’s theorem 1 T1 76-78 Chalk and Board
4. Discrete and Continuous Random variables 87-90 Chalk and Board
1 T1
125-130
5. Moments 1 T1 Chalk and Board
6. Moment Generating Functions 1 T1 163-168 Chalk and Board
7. Binomial Distribution 1 T1 91-105 Chalk and Board
8. Poisson distribution 1 T1 110-114 Chalk and Board
9. Geometric distribution 1 T1 115 Chalk and Board
10. Uniform Distribution 1 T1 141-142 Chalk and Board
11. Exponential Distribution 1 T1 146-147 Chalk and Board
 12. Normal Distribution 1 T1 131-140 Chalk and Board
SubTotal 12 Hrs
UNIT OUTCOME: Understand the fundamental knowledge of the concepts of probability and have
the knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real life phenomenon.

UNIT OBJECTIVES:
UNIT II –Two Dimensional random variables
To introduce the basic concepts of two dimensional random variables.

1. Introduction: Two dimensional discrete random 1 T1 151-152 Chalk and Board

variables- Joint Distribution
2. Two dimensional continuous random variables- Joint 1 T1 153-154 Chalk and Board
Distribution
3. Two dimensional discrete random variables- Marginal 1 T1 155-156 Chalk and Board
4. Two dimensional discrete random variables 1 T1 156-157 Chalk and Board
-Conditional distributions
5. Covariance of two dimensional random variables 1 T1 158-159 Chalk and Board
6. Correlation T1 353-355 Chalk and Board
7. Correlation 1 T1 356-358 Chalk and Board
8. Regression analysis 1 T1 319-322 Chalk and Board
9. Problems on Correlation and Regression 1 T1 323-333 Chalk and Board
10. Transformation Of two random variables in to another 1
T1 206-209 Chalk and Board
two random variables
11. Central limit theorem 1 T1 192-193 Chalk and Board
12. Central limit theorem-Problems 1 T1 194-195 Chalk and Board
Sub Total: 12 hrs
UNIT OUTCOME:
Understand the basic concepts of one and two dimensional random variables and applying engineering
applications .
UNIT III –TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS

UNIT OBJECTIVES: Apply the concepts of testing of hypothesis for small and large samples in real life problems.
1. 1 T1 183-194 Chalk and Board
Introduction Sampling, Testing of Hypothesis
232-238
2. Estimation of Parameters 1 T1 214-223 Chalk and Board
3. Large sample test based on Normal distribution for 1 T1 Chalk and Board
239-246
single mean
4. Large sample test based on Normal distribution for 1 T1 Chalk and Board
257-262
difference of means
5. Tests based on t for single mean 1 T1 207-209 Chalk and Board
6. Tests based on t for difference of mean 1 T1 263-271 Chalk and Board
7. F distributions for testing mean, variances 1 T1 285-290 Chalk and Board
8. F distributions for Proportion 1 T1 301-306
9. Tests based on Chi square test 1 T1 310-310 Chalk and Board
10. Contingency table (Test for Independency) 1 T1 308-309 Chalk and Board
11. Goodness of fit. 1 T1 310-315 Chalk and Board
12. Goodness of fit. 1 T1 310-315 Chalk and Board
Sub Total:12 hrs
UNIT OUTCOME:
Apply the concepts of testing of hypothesis for small and large samples in real life problems.
UNIT IV Design of Experiments

UNIT OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the basic concepts of classifications of design of experiments which place very important roles in the field
of agriculture and statistical quality control.

1. 1 T1 373-376 Chalk and

Introduction to the design of experiments
Board
 2. Completely randomized design - One way 1 T1 377-381 Chalk and Board
classifications
3. Completely randomized design - One way 1 T1 382-387 Chalk and Board
classifications problems
4. Completely randomized design - One way 1 T1 388-389 Chalk and Board
classifications problems
5. 1 T1 390-394
Randomized block design - Two way classifications
Chalk and Board
6. Randomized block design - Two way classifications- 1 T1 395-399 Chalk and Board
problems
7. Randomized block design - Two way classifications- 1 T1 400-401 Chalk and Board
problems
8. Latin square design . 1 T1 402-403
9. Latin square design .-Problems 1 T1 404-407 Chalk and Board
10. Latin square design .-Problems 1 T1 408-409 Chalk and Board
11. 22 -factorial design T1 411-418 Chalk and Board
1
12. 22 -factorial design 1 T1 436-443 Chalk and Board
Sub Total:12 hrs
UNIT OUTCOMES: Sing
Apply the basic concepts of classifications of design of experiments in the field of agriculture and statistical quality
control.
UNIT V Statistical Quality Control Tuto

5.UNIT OBJECTIVES: To introduce the basic concepts of classifications of design of experiments which place very Sing
important roles in the field of agriculture and statistical quality control.

1. Control Charts for measurements- X chart 1 T1 491-494 Chalk and Board

2. Control Charts for measurements- X chart-problems 1 T1 501-503 Chalk and Board

3. Control Charts for measurements- R chart 1 T1 495-497 Chalk and Board
4. Control Charts for measurements- R chart-problems 1 T1 501-503 Chalk and Board
5. Control Charts for attributes-p chart 1 T1 498-499 Chalk and Board
6. Control Charts for attributes-p chart-problems 1 T1 501-503 Chalk and Board
7. Control Charts for attributes-c chart 1 T1 498-499 Chalk and Board
8. Control Charts for attributes-c chart-problems 1 T1 501-503 Chalk and Board
9. Control Charts for attributes-np chart 1 T1 500-501 Chalk and Board
10. Control Charts for attributes-np chart-problems 1 T1 501-503 Chalk and Board
11. Tolerance limits-Acceptance sampling 1 T1 504-505 Chalk and Board
12. Tolerance limits-Acceptance sampling-problems 1 T1 506-508 Chalk and Board
Sub Total: 12 hrs
UNIT OUTCOMES:Have the notion of sampling distribution and statistical techniques used in engineering and
management problems.

Content beyond the Syllabus: (5 Hrs)

1. Negative Binomial Distribution and Erlang Distribution
2. Multinomial Distributions
3.Matched Pairs Compairs
4. Multiple comparisons-Bonferroni method
5.Experimental designs for quality

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Johnson,R.A.,Miller, I and Freund J., “Miller and Freund’sProbability and Statistics for
Engineers”, Pearson Education,Asia, 8th Edition,2015
2. Milton. J.S. and Arnold. J.C., “Introduction to Probability and Statistics”,Tata McGraw Hill,4 th
Edition,2007
REFERENCES:
1.Devore.J.L., “Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences”, Cengage
Learning,New Delhi, 8th Edition,2014
2. Papoulis,A. and Unnikrishnapillai, S., “Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic
Processes”,McGraw Hill Education India, 4th Edition,New Delhi,2010
3. Ross, S.M., “Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists”, 3 rd
Edition,Elsevier,2004
4. Spiegel. M.R., Schiller. J. and Srinivasan, R.A., “Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of
Probability and Statistics”, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2004.
5.Walpole. R.E., Myers. R.H., Myers. R.H., Myers. S.L. and Ye. K., “Probability and Statistics for
Engineers and Scientists”, Pearson Education, Asia, 8th Edition,2007.

ASSIGNMENTS:
1. Derive MGF, Mean and Variance of Geometric, Exponenetial & Gamma distribution.
2. Problems in Correlation and Regression
3. Problems on One Way and Two Way Classification

Prepared by:V.Sowmiya
S.Deepa HOD

UNIT 3-TESTING OF HYPOTYESIS

1. A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 c.m. and standard deviation 2.61 c.m. Is
the sample from a large population of mean 3.25 c.m. and standard deviation of
 2.61 c.m. ? Test at 5% level of significance. Also find the 95% confidence limits
for the population mean.
2. The guaranteed average life of a certain type of electric light bulbs is 1000 hours
with standard deviation of 125 hours. It is decided to sample the output so as to
ensure that 90% of the bulbs do not fall short of the guaranteed average by more
than 2.5%. What must be the minimum size of the sample?
3. The mean value of a random sample of 60 items was found to be 145 with a
standard deviation of 40. Find the 95% confidence limits for the population mean.
What size of the sample is required to estimate the population mean within 5 of its
actual value with 95% or more confidence, using the sample mean?
4. The sales manager of a large company conducted a sample survey in two places A
and B taking 200 samples in each case. The results were in the following table.
Test whether the average sales is the same in the two areas at 5% level.

A B
Average sales Rs. 2000 Rs. 1700
Standard deviation Rs. 200 Rs. 450
5. The means of two large samples of 1000 and 2000 members are 67.5 inches and
68 inches respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same
population of standard deviation 2.5 inches? Test at 5% level of significance.
6. A simple sample of heights of 6400 English men has a mean of 170 cm and s.d. of
6.4 cm, while a simple sample of heights of 1000 Americans has a mean of 172
cm and s.d. 6.3 cm. Do the data indicate that Americans are on the average taller
than Englishmen?
7. In a study on the effect of chemical on the labourers in a chemical unit, the
following results were obtained on their systolic blood pressure. Examine whether
the difference in the blood pressure are significant.

Men Women
Exposed Group Controlled Exposed Group Controlled
Group Group
Number 250 55 103 50
Mean 117.5 121.6 111.7 112.5
s.d. 10.58 10.82 9.33 9.38

8. Test made on the breaking strength of 10 pieces of a metal gave the following
results
578, 572, 570, 568, 572, 570, 570, 572, 596, 584 kg.
Test if the mean breaking strength of the wire can be assumed as 577 kg. (The
critical value of t for 9 d.f. at 5% level of significance for two tailed test is 2.26)
9. The heights of 10 males of a given locality are found to be
70,67,62,68,61,68,70,64,64,66 inches. Is it reasonable to believe that the average
heights is greater than 64 inches? (The critical value of t for 9 d.f. at 5% LOS for
right tailed test is 1.833)
10. A sample of 20 items has mean 42 units and s.d. 5 units. Test the hypothesis that
it is a random sample from a normal population with mean 45 units ( the tablated
value of t at 5% level of significance for two tailed test is 2.09)
11. A certain medicine administered to each of 12 patients resulted in the following
increases in blood pressure: 5, 2, 8, -1, 3, 0, 6, -2, 1, 5, 0, 4.Can it be concluded
 that ther medicine was responsible for the increase in blood pressure?(Take LOS
as 5%. t5% for one tailed test for (γ= 11) = t10% for the two tailed test (γ= 11) =
1.80)
12. The height of 10 males of a given locality are found to be 175, 168, 155, 170, 152,
170, 175, 160, 160, 165 cms. Based on this sample, find the 95% confidence
limits for the eight of males in the locality. (t5% (γ= 9) = 2.26)
13. Two independent samples of sizes 8 and 7 contained the following values
Sample I : 14 17 15 21 16 18 16 14
Sample II: 15 14 15 19 15 18 16
Is the difference between the sample means significant?
(t5% for the two tailed test (γ= 13) = 2.16; use 5% LOS)
14. Samples of two types of electric bulbs were tested for length of life and the
following data were obtained:

Size Mean Standard deviation

Sample I 8 1234 hrs 36 hrs
Sample II 7 1036 hrs 40 hrs
Is the difference in the means sufficient to warrant that sample I bulbs are Superior to
sample II bulbs? (t10% for the two tailed test (γ= 13) = 1.77 ; use 5% LOS)
15. The following data relate to marks obtained by 11 students in two tests, one held
before coaching and the other after coaching. Do the data indicate that the
students have benefited by coaching?
Test 1: 19 23 16 24 17 18 20 18 21 19 20
Test 2: 17 24 20 24 20 22 20 20 18 22 19
(t5% for the one tailed test (γ= 10) = t10% for the two tailed test (γ= 10) = 1.81)

16. The following table gives the number of air – craft accidents that occurred during
the various days of the week. Test whether the accidents are uniformly
distributed over the week.

Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

No. of 15 19 13 12 16 15
accidents
(  5% (  5)  11.07 )
2

17. The following table shows the number of defective articles by 4 machines.

Machine : A B C D
Production 1 hr 1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs
time:
No. of 12 30 63 98
defectives:
Do the figures indicate a significant difference in the performance of the
machines?
(  5% (  3)  7.815 )
2

18. Theory predicts that the proportion of beans in 4 groups A, B, C, D should be 9 :

3 : 3 :1. In an experiment among 1600 beans, the numbers in the 4 groups were
882, 313, 287 and 118. Does the experiment support the theory?
(  5% (  3)  7.815 )
2

19. A survey of 320 families with 5 children each revealed the following distribution:
 No. of 0 1 2 3 4 5
boys
No. of 5 4 3 2 1 0
girls
No. of 12 40 88 110 56 14
families
Is this result consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally
likely?
(  5% (  5)  11.07 )
2

20. Fit a binomial distribution for the following data and also test the goodness of fit

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
f 5 18 28 12 7 6 4 80
(  5% (  2)  5.99 )
2

21. Fit a Poisson distribution for the following distribution and also test the goodness
of fit

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total
f 142 156 69 27 5 1 400
(  5% (  2)  5.99 )
2

22. Prove that  2 the 2x2 contignecy table with cell frequencies a, b, c, d is
(a  b  c  d )(ad  bc) 2
.
(a  c)(b  d )(a  b)(c  d )
23. The following data are collected for 2 characters:
Smokers Non-smokers
83 57 Literates
45 68 Illiterates
Base on this can you say that there is no
relation between smoking and literacy
(  5% (  1)  3.84 )
2

24. An automible company gives you the following information about age groups and
the liking of particular model of a car which it plans to introduce . On the basis of
this data can it be concluded that the model appeal is independent of the age
group. (  (  3)  7.815 )
2
5%

Age group
Persons who Below 20 20 - 39 40 - 50 60 and above
Liked the car 140 80 40 20
Disliked the car 60 50 30 80
25. Test the fidelity and selectivity of 190 radio receivers produced the results shown
in the following table:

Selectivity Low Average High

Low 6 12 32
Average 33 61 18
High 13 15 0
Use the 0.01 level of significance to test whether there is a relationship between
fidelity and selectivity. (  1% (  4)  13.277 )
2
 26. A sample of size 13 gave an estimated population variance of 3, while another
sample of size 15 gave an estimate of 2.5. Could both samples be from
( F12,14 (5%)  2.53)
populations with the same variance?

27. Two independent samples of 8 and 7 items respectively had the following values
of the variable

Sample 1: 9 11 13 11 15 9 12 14
Sample 2: 10 12 10 14 9 8 10
Do the two estimates of population variance differ significantly at 5% level of
significance?
( F7,6 (5%)  4.21)

28. Two random samples gave the following data

SIZE MEAN VARIANCE

Sample: 1 8 9.6 1.2
Sample: 2 11 16.5 2.5
Can you say that the two samples came from the same Population?
( F10,7 (5%)  3.64andt5% (  17)  2.11)

29. The nicotine contents of 2 random samples of tobacco are given below:

Sample:1 21 24 25 26 27
Sample:2 22 27 28 30 31 36
Can you say that the two samples came from the same population?
( F5,4 (5%)  6.26andt5% (  9)  2.26)

UNIT 4-DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

1. A completely randomized design experiment with 10 plots and 3 treatments gave

the following results:

Plot no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Treatment A B C A C C A B A B
yield 5 4 3 7 5 1 3 4 1 7
Analyse the results for treatment effects (F 5% (7,2)=19.35).

2. The following table shows the lives in hours of 4 brands of electric lamps:

A 1610 1610 1650 1680 1700 1720 1800

B 1580 1640 1640 1700 1750
C 1460 1550 1600 1620 1640 1660 1740 1820 Perform
D 1510 1520 1530 1570 1600 1680 the
analysis
of variance and test the homogeneity of the mean lives of the 4 brands of lamps.
(F(3,22)=3.06 at 5% ).
3. In order to determine whether there is significant difference in the durability of 3
makes of computers, sample of size 5 are selected from each make and the
frequency of repair during the first year of purchase is observed. The results are
us follows

A B C
5 8 7
6 10 3
8 11 5
9 12 4
7 4 1
In view the above data, what conclusion can draw?(F(2,12)=3.88) at 5% level.

4. The following data represent the number of units of production per day turned out
by different workers using 4 different types of machines:

Machines Type
workers A B C D
1 44 38 47 36
2 46 40 52 43
3 34 36 44 32
4 43 38 46 33
5 38 42 49 39
Test whether the 5 men differ w.r.t mean productivity.
Test whether the mean productivity is the same for 4 different machines type.
(F(4,12)=3.26, F(3,12)=3.49).
5. Three varieties of a crop are tested in RBD with 4 replications, the layout being a
given below. The yields in Kg .Analyses for Significance
(F5%(3,6)=4.76,F5%(2,6)=5.14)

C48 A51 B52 A49

A47 B44 C52 C51
B49 C53 A49 B50
6. The following resulted from an experiment from an experiment to compare 3
burners B1,B2,B3.A LATIN square design was used as the tests were made on
three engines and were spread over 3 days.

Engine1 Engine 2 Engine3

Day 1 B1-16 B2-17 B3-20
Day2 B2-16 B3-21 B1-15
Day3 B3-15 B1-12 B2-13
Test the Hypothesis that there is no difference b/w the Burners.
7. Analysis of Variance in the following LATIN square of yields (in kgs) of paddy
where A,B,C,D denote the different methods of cultivation.

D122 A121 C123 B122

B124 C123 A122 D125
A120 B119 D120 C121
C122 D123 B121 A122
Examine whether the different methods of cultivation have given significantly
different results.
8. An experiment was planned to study the effect of sulphate of potash and super
phosphate on the yields of potatos.All the combinations of 2 levels of super
phosphate(p) and two levels of sulphate(k) of potash were studied in a RBD with
4 replications for each.The yields obtained are given in the following
table.analyse the data and give your conclusions with  =1%
F1% ( 1  3,  2  9)  6.99 and F1% ( 1  1,  2  9)  10.56