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PERFECTION OF WISDOM

(CHAPTER IX)

BODHICARYAVATARA
A Guide to a Bodhisattva’s Way of Life

Bodhisattva Shantideva

Translated by Ven. Geshe Dorji Damdul

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TIBET HOUSE
Cultural Centre of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
PERFECTION OF WISDOM
(CHAPTER NINE)

B O D H I C A R Y A V AT A R A
A GUIDE TO THE BODHISATTVA’S WAY OF LIFE

BODHISATTVA SHANTIDEVA
Tibet House Publication

©2014 Tibet House, New Delhi


All rights reserved

First Edition: 2014

Published by:

Tibet House
Cultural Centre of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
1 Insitutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110003
(PDLORIÀFH#WLEHWKRXVHLQ
:HEVLWHZZZWLEHWKRXVHLQ
Tel: +91 11 2461 1515

NOT FOR SALE

Printed in New Delhi, India


Dedication

For the long life of His Holiness the Dalai Lama


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Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 1

PERFECTION OF WISDOM CHAPTER


BODHICARYAVATARA
A GUIDE TO THE BODHISATTVA’S WAY OF LIFE
BODHISATTVA SHANTIDEVA

THE NEED TO GENERATE THE WISDOM REALISING ULTIMATE


REALITY
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ASCERTAINING THE TWO TRUTHS


(2) Conventional and Ultimate,
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(3) In light of that, the world is seen to be of two types:


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Yogis too are undermined by progressively higher ones
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REFUTING OBJECTIONS FROM THE PROPONENTS OF INHERENT


EXISTENCE
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2 Perfection of Wisdom Chapter

REFUTING THE REALISTS IN GENERAL


(A) BY REFUTING CONTRADICTION WITH DIRECT PERCEPTION
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(B) BY REFUTING CONTRADICTION WITH BUDDHA’S WORDS


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Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 3

(11) In murdering, an illusory person and so on,


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are of varying kinds,
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REFUTING THE OBJECTIONS OF THE CHITTAMATRINS


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exist,
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Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 5

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REFUTING THE ASSERTION THAT THE PATH WHICH UNDERSTANDS


EMPTINESS IS OF NO BENEFIT
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Of dispositions of disturbing emotions towards knowable things,
And so when he sees her,
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(32) However, by habituating himself with the imprint of


understanding emptiness,
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Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 7

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Likewise, through the power of prayers,
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(36) For example, when a garudika healer,


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(37) Similarly, when a bodhisattva has passed into nirvana,


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Or has already passed into nirvana,
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8 Perfection of Wisdom Chapter

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ESTABLISHING THAT THE WISDOM OF EMPTINESS IS ULTIMATELY


THE TRUE PATH TO LIBERATION
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yourselves and others,
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Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 9

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(54) Emptiness is the remedy to the darkness


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Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 11

REASONS THAT ESTABLISH THE VIEW OF EMPTINESS


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  %XWLWLVLOORJLFDOIRUD>SDUWOHVV@XQLW\WRKDYHDWKUHHIROGQDWXUH
 7KHUHIRUHLWGRHVQRWH[LVW
 /LNHZLVHWKHXQLYHUVDOFRQVWLWXHQWVFDQQRWEH>WUXO\@H[LVWHQW
 %HFDXVHHDFKRI WKHPDOVRKDVWKUHHDVSHFWV

  $QGLQWKHDEVHQFHRI WKHXQLYHUVDOFRQVWLWXHQWV


 7KH>WUXH@H[LVWHQFHRI VRXQGDQGWKHUHVWEHFRPHVYHU\IDUIHWFKHG
Moreover, it is impossible for pleasure and so on
 7RH[LVWLQQRQVHQWLHQWFORWKLQJDQGWKHOLNH

  ,I IXQFWLRQDOWKLQJVDUHRI WKHQDWXUHRI WKHLUFDXVHV


 >:HOO@KDYHQRWIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJVDOUHDG\EHHQDQDO\]HG"
 >,QDQ\FDVH@WKHFDXVHVIRU\RXDUHWKHYHU\SOHDVXUHDQGVRRQ
 %XWFRWWRQFORWKLQJDQGWKHOLNHGRQRWDULVHIURPWKRVH

  $QGSOHDVXUHDQGVRRQDULVHIURPFRWWRQFORWKLQJDQGWKHOLNH
 7KHQVLQFHWKHVHGRQRWH[LVWSOHDVXUHDQGVRRQGRQRWH[LVW
 0RUHRYHUHYHQWKHSHUPDQHQFHRI SOHDVXUHDQGVRRQ
 +DVQHYHUEHHQVHHQ

  ,I PDQLIHVWSOHDVXUHDQGVRRQDUH>WUXO\@H[LVWHQW
 :K\LV>WKHLU@H[SHULHQFHQRWSHUFHLYHG"
 >6XSSRVH\RXVD\@´WKH>H[SHULHQFH@WXUQVLQWRDVXEWOH>VWDWH@µ
 >:HOO@KRZFDQLWEH>ERWK@JURVVDQGVXEWOH"
24 Perfection of Wisdom Chapter

  ,I LWEHFRPHVVXEWOH>DQGQRQPDQLIHVW@DIWHUKDYLQJOHIW
 LWVJURVV>PDQLIHVW@VWDWH
 7KHVHJURVVDQGVXEWOHVWDWHVDUHLPSHUPDQHQW
 6RZK\QRWDFFHSW
 $OOIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJVDVLPSHUPDQHQW"

  $QGLI WKHJURVV>PDQLIHVW@VWDWHLVQRGLIIHUHQWIURPSOHDVXUH>LWVHOI@


 7KHQWKHPDQLIHVWSOHDVXUHLVLPSHUPDQHQW
 6XSSRVH\RXDVVHUW´%XWVRPHWKLQJWRWDOO\QRQH[LVWHQW>LQWKHFDXVH@
 &RXOGQRWEHSURGXFHGEHFDXVHRI LWVEHLQJQRQH[LVWHQWµ

  (YHQLI \RXGRQRWDFFHSWWKHSURGXFWLRQRI DQHYLGHQWSKHQRPHQRQ


 6WLOOWKLVLVDFWXDOO\WKHFDVH
 $QGLI DQHIIHFWH[LVWVLQLWVFDXVH
 7KHQFRQVXPLQJIRRGZRXOGEHHDWLQJH[FUHPHQW

  $QG>ZK\QRWEX\@DQGZHDUFRWWRQVHHG>IRUOHVVFRVWWKDQ@
 WKHSULFHRI FRWWRQFORWKLQJ"
 6XSSRVH>\RXVD\@´>$OWKRXJK@FRPPRQSHRSOHGRQRWVHH>LW@
 EHFDXVHRI LJQRUDQFH
 7KDWLVSUHFLVHO\WKHSRVLWLRQ
 >(VWDEOLVKHG@E\>.DSLOD@WKH.QRZHURI 5HDOLW\µ

  >:HOO@FRJQLWLRQRI WKDWPXVW>DOVR@H[LVW


 ,QFRPPRQSHRSOHVRZK\GR>WKH\@QRWVHHLW"
 6XSSRVH>\RXDQVZHU@´>%HFDXVH@FRPPRQSHRSOHDUH
 QRWYDOLGFRJQL]HUV>RI WKDW@µ
 >:HOOWKHQ@ZKDWWKH\VHHDVPDQLIHVW>DOVR@LVQRWWUXH

  >6XSSRVH\RXUHWRUW@
 ´>%XW\RXWRRDVVHUWWKDW@DYDOLGFRJQL]HU>IRUWKHFRPPRQ
 ZRUOG@LVQRWDYDOLGFRJQL]HU
 7KHQZRXOGQ·WZKDWZDVFRJQL]HGE\LW>DOVR@EHFRPHIDOVH
 $QGWKHUHIRUHLQDFWXDOLW\PHGLWDWLRQRQWKHHPSWLQHVV
 >2I IXQFWLRQDOSKHQRPHQD@EHFRPHVXQWHQDEOH"µ
Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 25

  :LWKRXWKDYLQJLGHQWLÀHGWKHREMHFWRI >QHJDWLRQ@


 ZKLFKLVLPSXWDWLRQ
 7KHDEVHQFHRI WKDWREMHFWFDQQRWEHDSSUHKHQGHG
 7KHUHIRUHZKDWHYHULVDIDOVHREMHFWODFNVHQWLW\
 :KLFKFOHDUO\LQGLFDWHVLWVIDOVLW\

  7KXVXSRQWKHGHDWKRI DFKLOGLQDGUHDP


 7KHFRQFHSWXDOWKRXJKW¶+HGRHVQRWH[LVW·
 ,VDKLQGUDQFHWR>WKLQNLQJRI@KLVH[LVWHQFH
 $QG\HWWKDW>¶WKHFKLOGGRHVQRWH[LVW·@LVIDOVH

SUMMARY
(141) Therefore, when analysed in that way,
 1RWKLQJH[LVWVFDXVHOHVVO\
 >7KLQJV@GRQRWH[LVWLQWKHLUFRQGLWLRQV
 :KHWKHULQGLYLGXDOO\RUFROOHFWLYHO\

  >$WKLQJ@GRHVQRWHPHUJHIURPVRPHWKLQJHOVH
 'RHVQRWDELGHQRUGRHVLWJR
 >6R@DQ\WKLQJYLHZHGDVWUXO\H[LVWHQWE\LJQRUDQFH
 +RZLVLWGLIIHUHQWIURPDQLOOXVLRQ"

(B) REASONING OF DEPENDENT ORIGINATION


72(67$%/,6+7+(9,(:2)´6(/)/(661(66µ
  >6RIRU@DQ\WKLQJHPDQDWHGE\DPDJLFLDQ
 2UDQ\WKLQJHPDQDWHGE\FDXVHV
 >>LI ZKDWLVSURGXFHGH[LVWVLQWULQVLFDOO\WKHQH[DPLQH@
 ZKHUHLWFRPHVIURP
And also where it goes,

  +RZFDQWKHUHEHWUXHH[LVWHQFH
 ,QVRPHYLUWXDOREMHFWOLNHDUHÁHFWLRQ
 :KLFKLVVHHQ>RQO\@LQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKVRPHWKLQJ>HOVH@
 $QGZKLFKGRHVQRWH[LVWZKHQWKDWLVDEVHQW"
26 Perfection of Wisdom Chapter

& 5($621,1*72(67$%/,6+´(037,1(66µ
FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF EFFECT
  )RUDIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJWKDWLVH[LVWHQW
 :KDWQHHGLVWKHUHIRUDFDXVH"
Then again, if that is not existent,
 :KDWQHHGLVWKHUHIRUDFDXVH"

  7KHUHFDQEHQRWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRI DQRQH[LVWHQWWKLQJ


 >LQWRDQH[LVWHQWWKLQJ@
 (YHQE\PHDQVRI DKXQGUHGPLOOLRQFDXVHV
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 DQ>H[LVWHQW@WKLQJ"
 %XWZKDWHOVHFRXOGEHWUDQVIRUPHGLQWR>DQH[LVWHQW@IXQFWLRQDOWKLQJ"

  6LQFHIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJVFDQQRWSRVVLEO\H[LVWDWWKHWLPH
 RI WKHDEVHQFHRI IXQFWLRQDO>WKLQJV@
 :KHQZLOOWKH\FRPHWRH[LVWDVIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJV"
 :LWKRXWSURGXFWLRQRI DIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJ
 >$QRQWKLQJ@FDQQRWEHIUHHGIURPEHLQJDQRQIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJ

  :LWKRXWEHLQJIUHHGIURPQRQIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJV
 1RRFFDVLRQZLOORFFXUIRUDIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJWRH[LVW
 $QGDIXQFWLRQDOWKLQJFDQQRWFKDQJHWRDVWDWHRI QRQIXQFWLRQDOLW\
 %HFDXVH>WKHQ@LWZRXOGDEVXUGO\IROORZWKDWLWKDGWZRWUXHQDWXUHV

  ,QWKDWZD\DVFHVVDWLRQGRHVQRW>WUXO\@H[LVW
 $QG>WKHDULVLQJ@RI IXQFWLRQDOWKLQJVGRHVQRW>WUXO\@H[LVWHLWKHU
All wandering beings at all times
 1HYHUDUH>WUXO\@DULVLQJQRU>WUXO\@FHDVLQJ

SAMENESS OF SAMSARA AND NIRVANA ON THE ULTIMATE LEVEL


  >7KHUHIRUH@ZDQGHULQJEHLQJVUHVHPEOHGUHDPV
 8SRQDQDO\VLVWKH\DUHOLNHSODQWDLQWUHHV
Whether they are released or not released from sorrow
 8OWLPDWHO\WKHUHLVQRGLIIHUHQFH
Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 27

ADVICE ON THE NEED TO STRIVE TO REALISE EMPTINESS


$ :+$7,67+(5($/,7<"
(151) With all phenomena empty in that way,
 :KDWLVWKHUHWRJDLQ"
 :KDWLVWKHUHWRORVH"
 :KRLVWKHUHWRUHVSHFWRUVFRUQ"

  )URPZKHUHGRHVSOHDVXUHRUSDLQDULVH"
 :KDWLVWKHUHWRGLVOLNHRUOLNH"
When investigated at the ultimate level
 :KDW>REMHFW@LVFUDYHGE\ZKLFK>DJHQW@"

  8SRQDQDO\VLV>ZKDW@ZRUOGRI OLYLQJEHLQJV>LVWKHUH@


 7KDWZLOOGLHKHUH"
 :KRLVWKHUHZKRZLOOFRPHLQWRH[LVWHQFH"
 :KRLVWKHUHZKRKDVH[LVWHG"
 :KRLVDUHODWLYH">:KRLV@DIULHQG"

(154) Those of my type, please understand


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 %XWWKRVHZLVKLQJIRUKDSSLQHVVIRUD´VHOI µ
 *HWDJLWDWHGDQGRYHUH[FLWHG

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 7KHQIURPWKH>UHVXOWLQJ@GLVWUHVVDQGRYHUH[HUWLRQDQG
 >'LVKHDUWHQLQJ@GLVSXWHVWKH\FXWDQGVWDEHDFKRWKHU
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 >WKHLU@QHJDWLYHGHHGV

  7KHQ>GHVSLWH@FRPLQJWRWKHIDYRXUDEOHVWDWHVRI ELUWK


over and over again, and
 6RRIWHQH[SHULHQFLQJPDQLIROGSOHDVXUHV
 $IWHUGHDWKWKH\IDOOWR>H[SHULHQFH@
 7KHXQEHDUDEOHVXIIHULQJVRI WKHEDGVWDWHVRI ELUWKIRUDYHU\ORQJWLPH
28 Perfection of Wisdom Chapter

  ,Q>F\FOLF@H[LVWHQFHFOLIIV>WRIDOOIURP@DUHDSOHQW\
 $QGWKHUH>LQVDPVDUD@RQHUHPDLQVGHSULYHGRI 
 >WKHXQGHUVWDQGLQJ@RI UHDOLW\
 %XWVLQFH>VDPVDUDDQGQLUYDQD@PXWXDOO\FRQWUDGLFWRQHDQRWKHU
 >RQHXQFHDVLQJO\F\FOHVLQ6DPVDUD@
 ,Q>F\FOLF@H[LVWHQFHQRWKLQJ>FRPSDUHVZLWK@WKHUHDOLVDWLRQ
 RI WKHUHDOLW\

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 2FHDQVRI VXIIHULQJEH\RQGDQ\HQG
 ,Q>VDPVDUD@WKHUHLVOLWWOHVWUHQJWK
 7KHOLIHVSDQLVWRRVKRUW

  7KHUHDVZHOOZLWKDFWLYLWLHVIRUORQJHYLW\DQGKHDOWK
With hunger and exhaustion,
With sleep and harms, and likewise
 :LWKIUXLWOHVVO\NHHSLQJFRPSDQ\ZLWKFKLOGLVKSHRSOH

  /LIHSDVVHVTXLFNO\DQGLQYDLQ
 <HWDQDO\WLFDOZLVGRPLVVRGLIÀFXOWWRJDLQ
 )XUWKHUPRUHZKHUHLVWKHUH>LQVDPVDUD@DPHDQV
 7RHOLPLQDWHWKHKDELWXDWHGGLVWUDFWLRQV"

  $JDLQ>ZKHQPDNLQJHIIRUWWREHIUHH@WKHGHPRQLVVWULYLQJWKHUH
 7REULQJDERXWDIDOOWRWKHPRVWDZIXOVWDWHVRI UHELUWK
 >,QKLJKHUELUWKVEHFDXVH@WKHUHDUHWRRPDQ\IDOVHSDWKV
 $OVRLWLVGLIÀFXOWWRWUDQVFHQG´GRXEWµ

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 $ODVVXIIHULQJZLOOMXVWJRRQXQFHDVLQJO\
Bodhicaryavatara - A Guide to the Bodhisattava’s Way of Life 29

(163) And they fail to see their own suffering,


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 2KGHDUWKLVUHDOO\LVWKHFDXVHWRODPHQW
 )RUWKRVHZKRDUHFDXJKWLQWKHUDSLGVRI VXIIHULQJ

(164) For example, some people perform ablutions and ablutions,


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Even though in terrible states of suffering,
 7KH\EHOLHYHWKHPVHOYHVWREHKDSS\

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 >)RROLQJDURXQG@DVLI WKHUHZHUHQRROGDJHDQGGHDWK
First, they will lose their lives,
 $QGWKHQIDOOWRDZRUVHVWDWHRI UHELUWK

THE MODE OF APPREHENSION OF THE GREAT COMPASSION


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 7RWKRVHWRUPHQWHGE\WKHÀUHVRI VXIIHULQJOLNHWKHVH"
 :LWKDUDLQKDSSLQHVVIURPP\FROOHFWLRQ
 3RXULQJIRUWKIURPWKHFORXGVRI P\PHULW"

  2K:KHQVKDOO>,@UHVSHFWIXOO\DFFXPXODWHWKHVWRUHRI PHULW


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 $QGWKHQWHDFKHPSWLQHVVWRWKRVH
 :KRKDYHEHHQUXLQHGE\>VXFK@DQREMHFWRI DSSUHKHQVLRQ

*
*** ***
This rendering of the Ninth, Wisdom chapter of Shantideva’s Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life was
SUHSDUHGE\*HVKH'RUML'DPGXOZLWKHGLWLQJDVVLVWDQFHIURP-HUHP\5XVVHOODQG9HQ7HQ]LQ1RUGURQIRUWKH
0DUFKDQG$XJXVWWHDFKLQJVE\+LV+ROLQHVVWKH'DODL/DPDDW7KHNFKHQ&K|OLQJ7KLVWH[WLVEDVHG
RQDQGLQGHEWHGWRDQHDUOLHUWUDQVODWLRQE\'U$OH[%HU]LQ

TIBET HOUSE
Cultural Centre of His Holiness the Dalai Lama

Tibet House, the Cultural Center of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is
dedicated to the study and practice of Buddhist philosophy and Tibetan art
and culture.

PROGRAMMES

Regular Discourses

 Tenet Systems (in English):

This class introduces students to the


concepts and philosophy of the
different tenet systems of Buddhism.

Day and time: Sundays, 4:00 pm

 Introduction to Buddhism (in Tibetan):

This weekly class has been designed


for Tibetans residing in Delhi, but is
open to all.

Day and time: Wednesdays, 6:00 pm


Certificate Courses

 Bodhisattva Shantideva’s Bodhicaryavatara (A Guide to the Bodhisattva’s


Way of Life) Chapters 1 – 7 (Series I):

This course focuses on the perfections of


generosity, ethical discipline, patience and
enthusiastic perseverance, and the topic of
bodhicitta.

Day and time: Fridays, 6:00 pm

 Arya Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamikakarika (Fundamental Wisdom of the


Middle Way):
Chapters 1, 18, 22, 24, 25 and 26 of the text
are being covered. Entry into this course is
only for those who previously registered for
it.

Day and time: Sundays, 12:00 pm

 Wisdom Chapter of Bodhisattva Shantideva’s Bodhicaryavatara (A Guide to


the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life):

This course will focus on the wisdom aspect


of the path- the concept of emptiness.
Registration for this course is now open.

Day and time: to be announced


Certificate Study Retreat Programmes

 15-Day Study Retreat on Acharya Chandrakirti’s ‘Entry into the Middle


Way’ and the commentary on it by Lama Tsongkhapa:
September 23 – October 7, 2014

For more information please visit http://tibethouse.in/node/314

 Bodhicitta Retreat (Series 3): November 4 – 18, 2014

This ten-day retreat will focus on


learning about and meditating on
Bodhicitta and the wisdom of
emptiness.

The venue of the retreat

Intensive Courses
Intensive Courses, generally of 3-5
days duration, involve an in-depth
study of a particular text or area of
philosophy. Topics that have been
covered are Bodhicitta - The
Compassionate Mind of
Enlightenment, In Praise of
Dependent Origination, the Foundation of All Good Qualities,
Hymn to the Buddha: the World Transcendent, In Praise of
Dharmadhatu, Staircase to Emptiness, Heart Sutra, and Stages of
Meditation.
Lectures, Seminars and Conferences

Tibet House regularly organises


conferences, seminars and lectures on
a wide range of topics, such as
environment, neuroscience,
psychology and philosophy.

TIBETAN LANGUAGE COURSE

Tibet House runs beginner to


advanced level Tibetan Language
Proficiency Courses.

For more information please visit: http://tibethouse.in/node/368

FACILITIES

Dalai Lama Study Scholarship

We offer scholarships to students wanting to attend Tibet House


Study Retreats.

For more information please visit http://www.tibethouse.in/content/announcement


Library and Resource Centre
The collection at Tibet House covers a
wide range of rare manuscripts in
Tibetan and general interest books on
Buddhism and Tibetan culture.

Museum

The Museum at Tibet House


preserves an invaluable collection of
old and rare art objects from Tibet.

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS

Thonmi Sambhota Research Fellowship

Since 1987 Tibet House offers a research fellowship in the name of


Thonmi Sambhota, the seventh century scholar who developed the
Tibetan script.
For more information please visit http://www.tibethouse.in/content/research-and-publications

Lochen Vairochana Translation Committee

The Committee aims to translate key texts from


Sanskrit and Tibetan into English, Hindi and Chinese,
to make them available to a larger audience.
Publications

Tibet House regularly publishes books, booklets and pamphlets on


a variety of topics related to religion, philosophy, Tibetan history
and culture, inter-religious tolerance and ecological
responsibility.

Tibetan Women Zamatok Bodong Panchen


(Sambhota XIX) Volume - 10 SungBum
(Volume 1-111)

The ‘Tibet House Bulletin’, is published annually and


keeps friends throughout the world informed about
activities at Tibet House.

Tibet House Bulletin


(2013)

 
)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQSOHDVHFRQWDFW

Tibet House
&XOWXUDO&HQWUHRI +LV+ROLQHVVWKH'DODL/DPD
1, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110003
7H_(PDLORIÀFH#WLEHWKRXVHLQ_:HEVLWHZZZWLEHWKRXVHLQ

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