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DC PRO Engineering
Design of Healthcare Facility
Hospital Design
1-Complex .
2-Unique.
3-Hospital = City
Planning:
• Sensible heat recovery only for fresh air and exhaust air stream in the most humid area in the
world leading to high internal humidity and high energy consumption (75 to 80 BTU/Hr /
CFM).
• Extensive use of VAV boxes and electric re-heat with high capital and operating cost with
possible cold and noisy air draft and may requires maintenance in the inpatient room area.
• Extensive use of Filtration MERV 7 & 14 as well as HEPA filter, UV light, etc. requiring extensive
capital and replacement cost as well as fan energy.
Typical GCC Hospital Real Energy Consumption
0
Apr-2014 May-2014 Jun-2014 Jul-2014 Aug-2014 Sep-2014 Oct-2014 Nov-2014 Dec-2014 Jan-2015 Feb-2015 Mar-2015
25,006
Design cooling load: 25,006 Ton 30,000 20,502
Capacity (Ton)
Actual Peak cooling Load: 20,502 Ton
Average Annual Load: 8,696 Ton 20,000
Estimated Peak Load
Estimated FLH: 3,716 (Ton-Hr / Peak Load Ton) (Ton)
10,000
The Estimated Peak Load is 82% of the total Design
capacity.
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Hospital Facilities HVAC Requirements
ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170 & FGI Guideline for Hospital Ventilation
• Underfloor and wall Radiant Cooling for all spaces including patient rooms allowing major reduction in
Chilled water plant (14OC LCHW temp.) No Air Movement, Filtration and Zero Fan power.
• Increased fresh air (4 ACH) and Elimination of all recirculating air improving indoor air quality and substantially
reducing duct work and fan power.
• Introducing the zero cross contamination and zero air contact liquid desiccant heat recovery between Fresh
air and exhaust air streams with total heat recovery reducing input energy to < 40 BTU / HR / CFM.
• Eliminating all Energy wasting Reheat need for VAV boxes.
• Reducing Capital and operating Energy cost.
• Simplifying Maintenance and reducing parts and labor replacement cost.
DC PRO ENGINEERING
Ventilation Requirements
ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170 Hospital Ventilation
Group D Group E
DC PRO ENGINEERING
Ventilation Requirements
• Filtration:
All of the air provided to a space shall be MERV 7 MERV 14
filtered in accordance with Table 6.4 except for
spaces that allow recirculating HVAC room
units.
Inpatient Care:
Upstream filter Bank
No.1 MERV 7, Filter Bank No. 2 MERV 14
Optional Downstream filter Bank (Used)
ULPA, HEPA Filter & UV Light
UV Light
HEPA
Filter ULPA
Filter
DC PRO ENGINEERING
Ventilation Requirements
ULPA Filter
Capture 0.1 Microns
most viruses
including Corona
HEPA Filter
Capture 0.3 Microns
most bacterias
DC PRO ENGINEERING Unique Approach benefits
Heat Recovery where & How?
• ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities table 7.1 specifies
the minimum outdoor nos. of air changes and which spaces requires direct exhaust to
outside such as anesthesia, Emergency Room (ER) waiting room, etc.
• Typically 2/3 of the hospital exhaust air can pass via heat recovery fresh air handling unit
and 1/3 shall be exhausted directly to outside.
• Standard 170 as well as FGI allows exhaust to outside not treated and hence all airborne
viruses and bacteria are released freely to atmosphere putting maintenance staff,
medical staff, occupants an visitors at risk. DC PRO solution is to put an Hepa filter on all
exhaust air stream for personnel protection and allowing energy recovery via ultra low
cross contamination heat recovery wheel for the allowed 2/3 portion.
DC PRO ENGINEERING Unique Approach benefits
Double Heat Recovery Fresh Air with ULPA / HEPA Filters
• Use of HEPA filters on return exhaust air protects Hospital staff from Viruses and
bacteria exposures.
• HEPA Filters eliminates the risk of any cross contamination between exhaust and fresh
air.
• Allows full heat recovery and ultimate crucial indoor humidity control essential for
virus and bacteria spread control and patient health ,saving up to 80% of fresh air
energy.
• ULPA filter on supply air stream protect all resident of the hospital from air bourn
viruses & Bacteria .
Importance of Humidity control between 45 and 55% on
patient health and spread of disease
2/3 of total fresh air
30-35 W/𝑚𝑚2
DC PRO ENGINEERING
3D Model of Typical Patient Room
VAV Box 100% F.A. (11.4 ACH)
240 L/S with 1.9 KW reheat Small Supply 100% F.A (4 ACH)
85 L/S and exhaust ducts
15 x 10 Cm
Large Supply and Exhaust
ducts > 120 x 50 Cm
Typical current HVAC System with VAV box DC PRO proposed Radiant cooling with
& 6 ACH as min FA & 11.4 ACH as design dedicated Fresh Air & 4 ACH as FA
DC PRO ENGINEERING
Capex & Opex Comparison
Annual Operating Cost: US $ 1,871 / Room Annual Operating Cost: US $ 659 / Room
Use of Fan Coil units (FCU) in Hospitals
Inpatient rooms should be prohibited
- ASHRAE Standard 170-2017 requires MERV 7 (50mm thick as min.) upstream and Merv
14 (Bag filter) downstream for all inpatient rooms with exception 7.1 p8 allowing FCU
with MERV 6 for portion of recirculating air serving single patient room and Dubai
Health Care authority (DHA Part E) discourage the use of fan coil units.
- Although most modern design avoid using FCU, many hospitals in GCC use standard FCU
units in patients’ rooms with standard 1” cleanable filter MERV 6 that gives them a
substantial cost advantage as compared to AHU with proper filtration and VAV unit for
each room.
• The filters housing shall be durable and shall provide airtight fit via proper gaskets to
stop any bypass of air.
Better alternative for FCU usage in health care - ICM
Unit
Withdrawable Coil and
Drain pan that facilitate
disinfection with full
dismantling
• The top of the range ICM can have a Zone Controller with
each room that can control room ambient temperature,
lighting control, venetian blinds raised or lowered,
control ventilation air, occupancy sensor.
DC PRO ENGINEERING
ICM Unit vs Standard FCU
• MERV 9 filter
• MERV 5-6 filter
• Removable filter and coil, resulting in ease of
maintenance • Have to disassemble unit to clean filter and
coil
• Both supply and extract are from the front of
the unit, fresh air inlet from the side that can • Need to utilize mixing box to add fresh air
be unused as Fresh air should go from AHU into the unit
with proper filtration with zone control valve • Can be noisy when installed inside the
for each room room
• Ultra Low Noise
ASHRAE Standard 170 -2017 Ventilation of health Care Facilities – Filtration Requirement
ASHRAE Standard 170 -2017 Ventilation of health ASHRAE Standard 170 -2017 Ventilation of
Care Facilities – Exception 7.5 P8 health Care Facilities – Radiant Cooling Use
- Through years of development and optimization where DC Pro were involved in the design and
construction of more than 60 central utility plant rooms; we can significantly optimize the
design of the utility block and provide the required utilities within the allocated 60 x 30 m plot
with lowest possible costs and with the following main benefits that can be achieved:
• Most Private hospitals have one or two isolation rooms as per the pre-
pandemic regulations.
• A standard patient room has minimum fresh air of 2 ACH and minimum
total circulating air of 4 ACH. Room pressure is neutral
• An airborne infection isolation room type AII intended for room has
minimum fresh air of 2 ACH and minimum total circulating air of 12 ACH.
AII room require negative pressure of -30 pa and exhaust air extracted
directly to outside via an Hepa filter to stop any virus or bacteria spread
out of the room.
• The Extracted air from the toilet od f standard room need to be modified
and isolated from central exhaust and redirected via a temporary duct
work directly to an HEPA filter & then directly to outside. The portable unit
should be located in the room as close as possible o the patient bed but
not to obstruct the patient or medical staff circulation.
33 m2 Patient Room
FCU Min Air Flow
400 m3/Hr (4 ACH)
Neutral
Pressure
Transfer FRESH AIR Transfer FRESH AIR
From Adjacent FRESH AIR From Adjacent
FRESH AIR
Zones Min Air Flow Min Air Flow
Zones
200 m3/Hr (2 ACH) 200 m3/Hr (2 ACH)
Differential
Pressure Control
Heavy duty plastic
curtain
33 m2 Isolation
Room
FCU Min Air Flow
400 m3/Hr (4 ACH)+
Portable HEPA Air Filter
800 m3/Hr (8 ACH
Negative
Negative
Pressure
Pressure EXHAUST AIR
Directly to outdoor
after filtering via
HEPA
Selected Hospital experience
DCPRO Hospitals’ Experience
AL AIN HOSPITAL
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Al Ain Hospital
Al-Ain Hospital is a 600 Bed Hosp. that consists of the following buildings:
• Main Hospital Building
• Rehabilitation Building
• Administration
• Kinder Garden
• Mosque
• Logistic Center
• Utility Center
• Morgue
Al Ain Hospital
Noncompliance with the local and international codes for health care facilities.
1. Large number of areas are being provided by FCU’s for cooling which is not allowed by the healthcare
standards such as Operation Theaters.
2. Fresh Air quantities provided and the pressurization system is not valid in many areas and not as per the
health care standards.
3. Drainage and water supply pipe sizes are mostly incorrect and don’t follow the design standards.
Solution adopted to solve the problems denoted above, this includes the following:
1. Preparing detailed calculations related to the above mentioned services, as per the latest local and
international health care standards.
2. Markup the drawings highlighting the correct pipes and ducts sizes, and highlighting the missing fixtures
and/or equipment while proposing their connections.
3. Preparing schedules of equipment reflecting the correct parameters as per the design procedures.
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Al Ain Hospital
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DCPRO Hospitals’ Experience
37
Cleveland Hospital, Abu Dhabi
Designed and supervised the 80,000 Ton Chiller plant with 20 MW standby power Generation Feeding the Hospital via
25,000 Ton Energy Transfer Stations.
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DCPRO Hospitals’ Experience
39
DCPRO Hospitals’ Experience
40
DCPRO Hospitals’ Experience
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Labour village, Mussafah Abu Dhabi
42
Sample Value Engineering Utility Building
Project - 2016
Khalifa Energy Centre
Doha, Qatar
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