SOLAS and DNV

Håkon Laskemoen and Dag Nilsen

January 2009
 Agenda
„ Introduction to
- International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
- Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
- Det Norske Veritas role (DNV)
- DNV Rules
- Offshore

„ SOLAS Ch. II-2

- Regulation 5 – Fire growth potential
- Regulation 6 – Smoke generation and potential toxicity
- Regulation 8 – Control of smoke spread
- Regulation 9 – Containment of fire
- Regulation 13 – Means of Escape

„ Questions

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 2

 Purpose
„ Get a better understanding of SOLAS
„ Understand which regulations to us when
„ Understand DNV’s role
„ Be able to find relevant requirements in daily work with regards to fire
safety

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 3

 SOLAS
- Contents
- Part 1:
- Articles of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974
- Articles of the Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974
- Consolidated text of the annex to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and the 1988 Protocol relating thereto
- Ch. I General provisions, Surveys and certificates
- Ch.II-1 Construction
- Ch.II-2 Fire safety
- Ch.III Life-saving
- Ch.IV Radio
- Ch.V Navigation
- Ch.VI & VII Cargoes
- Ch. VIII Nuclear ships
- Ch.IX Management of ships
- Ch. X High speed
- Ch. XI Maritime safety and security
- Ch. XII Bulk carriers

- Part 2:
- Annexes

- Note: The consolidated edition contains the requirements that have entered into force; e.g. 98 amendments was not
included in Consolidated 2001 (as entry into force date was 2002).

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 4

 SOLAS - Background

The incident which led to the convening of the 1914 international Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS) conference was the sinking of the White Star liner Titanic on her maiden
voyage in April 1912. More than 1,500 passengers and crew died.

The conference in London resulted in the first version of the SOLAS Convention.

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 5

 SOLAS Background

Since then there have been four other SOLAS Conventions:

„ the second was adopted in 1929 and entered into force in 1933
„ the third was adopted in 1948 and entered into force in 1952
„ the fourth was adopted in 1960, at the first SOLAS conference organized
by IMO, and entered into force in 1965
„ the present version was adopted in 1974 and entered into force in 1980.

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 6

 IMO
„ IMO is an organisation within the UN
„ Members with voting rights - 168 Flag States
„ Associate members – 3 (Hong Kong, Macao, Faroe Islands)
„ 63 non-governmental organizations have been granted consultative
status with IMO, e.g.
- IACS - International Association of Classification Societies
- Various ship owners associations (e.g. INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO)
- Various seafearers working unions
- Standardisation organisations (e.g. IEC, ISO)
- Others (e.g. Greenpeace, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF))

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 7

 What does IMO do?
„ IMO is now concentrating on keeping legislation up to date and ensuring
that they are ratified by as many countries as possible.
„ ensure that the conventions and other treaties are properly implemented
by the countries that have accepted them.
„ IMO adopts legislation – Governments implements them
„ When a Government accepts an IMO Convention it agrees to make it part
of its own national law and to enforce it just like any other law
„ Examples of Instruments to ensure effective implementation:
- Sub-committee of MSC on flag State Implementation
- Port State Control
- Technical co-operation programme for developing countries
- Voluntary audit scheme
- Surveys to be carried out by organisations recognised by the Flag States
(Class Societies)
- IACS was granted consultative status in 1969

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 8

 What do DNV do in IMO
„ Attending as advisors under flag state delegations (usually Norway)
„ Attending as representatives for IACS
„ Monitoring work in MSC, DE and FP, including “working groups” (at the meetings)
and “correspondence groups” (email list)
„ DNV focus (informal):
- Clear requirements
- Reasonable safety level
„ There are time schedules and “slots” for all items
- You can not just walk into plenum with a good idea….
„ Normal schedule for a new item (FP used as example)
- IMO FP instructs a working group to look at an item
- the working group uses typically two meetings and one intercessional correspondence
group to elaborate the issue
- the draft regulation is approved by IMO FP and the IMO MSC
- If a SOLAS amendment it shall be approved by two IMO MSC meetings in succession
(first time approved, second time adopted)

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 9

 IMO Instruments
40 Conventions and protocols: 800 Codes and recommendations:

„ SOLAS „ SPS Code

„ LL „ FTP Code, FSS Code

„ Tonnage Measurement „ IMDG Code

„ COLREG „ BC Code

„ Inmarsat „ BCH Code, IBC Code

„ MODU Code
„ Torremolinos
„ Gas Carrier Code, IGC Code
„ STCW
„ ISM Code
„ MARPOL
„ ISPS Code
„ DSC Code, HSC Code
„ LSA Code

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 10

 Changes in IMO Legislation

Unfortunately changes to
legislation regulating the
marine industry are often
triggered by serious accidents.
Examples:
“Torrey Canyon” led to 1978
SOLAS Protocol and 1978
MARPOL Protocol.
“Scandinavian Star” led to 1992
SOLAS Amendments.
“Estonia” led to 1995 SOLAS
Amendments

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 11

 Which book to use?

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 12

 Which book to use?
„ Any book titled ”Consolidated edition (year)” contains all regulations valid
for vessels built at that date or later, unless succeeded by amendments.
„ Books titiled ”Amendments (year)” contains amended regulations that
may not have been entred into force at the date given in the title. (The year
in the title is the year in which the amendment was adopted by IMO).

„ Example:
- SOLAS Consolidated 2001 contains regulations valid for vessels built on or
after 2001.01.01 (see foreword)
- SOLAS Amendments 2000 contains amended Ch II-2 valid for vessels built
after 2002.07.01
- There is no such thing as a SOLAS Consolidated 2002 or 2003, so in order to
comply with all requirements in e.g .2003 you would need two books
(consolidated 2001 + amendments 2000).
- The 2000 Amendments are included in the SOLAS Consolidated 2004

„ MSC Circulars (MSC/Circ. 1120)

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 13
 IMO VEGA
„ IMO VEGA contains all Conventions, protocols, codes and
recommendations issued by IMO.
„ IMO VEGA also contains flag state requirements – as of today for 14
flags only

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 14

 DNV Information Note No. 9
ƒ Contains new IMO requirements
sorted by date of entry into force
ƒStarting with the 11th edition only
requirements entering into force after
01.01.2000 are included in the printed
version
ƒThe web-version includes all
requirements, also the requirements
that entered into force before
01.01.2000
ƒ Distributed through DNV stations and
made available on DNV Internet and
DNV Exchange
ƒ Our target is to update Note No. 9
after every MSC/MEPC meeting
ƒ REX (Requirement Explorer) will take
over
Version 21 January 2009 Slide 15
 DNV Rules
The Rule chapters are grouped in Parts Pt.0 - Pt.8:
Pt.0 Introduction
Pt.1 General Regulations
Pt.2 Materials and Welding
Pt.3 Hull and Equipment - Main Class
Pt.4 Machinery and Systems - Main Class
Pt.5 Special Service and Type - Additional Class
Pt.6 Special Equipment and Systems - Additional Class
Pt.7 Ships in Operation
Pt.8 IACS Common Structural Rules

„ DNV are authorised to act on behalf of over 70 different countries

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 16

 A typical vessel:
1A1 Supply Vessel, LFL*, ORO, Fi-Fi I, ICE, DE-ICE
„ IMO; SOLAS, ILO, SPS etc.
„ Flag requirements
These class rules may apply for accommodation deck house:
- Statutory Interpretations July 2008
- F-AMC
- LFL* and ORO
- Tanker for oil and Chemicals
- Fi-Fi I
- Comfort

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 17

 Offshore
Floating Structure:
MODU Code
Flag
DNV Offshore Standards

Fixed Platform
Flag

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 18

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 19
 Agenda
„ Introduction to
- International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
- Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
- Det Norske Veritas role (DNV)
- DNV Rules
- Offshore

„ SOLAS Ch. II-2

- Regulation 5 – Fire growth potential
- Regulation 6 – Smoke generation and potential toxicity
- Regulation 8 – Control of smoke spread
- Regulation 9 – Containment of fire
- Regulation 13 – Means of Escape

„ Questions

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 20

 Regulation 5 – Fire growth potential

„ Purpose: to limit the fire growth potential in every space

„ Functional requirements:
- means of control for air supply
- means of control for flammable liquids
- restricted use of combustible materials

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 21

 Fire protection materials

Use of non-combustible materials (II-2/5.3.1)

„ Insulation shall be of non-combustible materials
- except:
- insulation on cold service systems
- freezer / reefer compartments
Use of combustible materials (II-2/5.3.2)
„ Non-combustible division in accommodation and
service spaces may be faced with combustible
materials, facing, mouldings, decorations and veneers
- Maximum calorific value not exceed 45 MJ/m2
- Total volume shall not exceed a volume equivalent to
2.5 mm veneer
- Furniture fixed to linings, bulkheads or deck need not to
be included in the calculation

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 22

Low Flame-Spread

SOLAS Reg. 5.3.2.4

„ for the following surfaces:

- exposed surfaces in corridors and stairways,
- bulkheads, wall and ceiling linings in all accommodation and service
spaces and control stations,
- concealed or inaccessible spaces in accommodation, service spaces
and control stations.
- FTP Code Annex 1 Part 5

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 23

Smoke and Toxicity

SOLAS Reg. 6
„ for exposed interior surfaces:
- exposed surfaces in corridors and stairways,
- bulkheads, wall and ceiling linings in all accommodation and service
spaces and control stations,
„ FTP Code, Annex 1 Part 2

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 24

 Fire Protection materials for Cargo Ships – Method IC

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 25

 Cont.

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 26

 What about furniture's?
„ Passenger ships in the room category; 6, 7 and 4:
- FTP Code Part 7 – Test for vertically supported textile and films
- FTP Code Part 8 – Test for upholstered furniture
- Frame to be of non-combustible material (free standing furniture's)
- Case furniture's (desk, wardrobes etc.) constructed by non-combustible
materials, except max. 2 mm combustible veneers
- FTP Code Part 9 – Test for bedding components
- Stairway enclosure (limited to seating)

„ Cargo ships
- No requirement

„ Offshore
- Modu code – same as cargo ship
- Flagstate requirement

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 27

 Regulation 8 – Control of smoke spread

„ Purpose:
- to control the spread of smoke

„ Requirements
- arrangement of draught stops
- smoke extraction systems in atriums on passenger ships

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 28

 Regulation 9 – Containment of fire

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 29

 Cont.

„ Purpose:
- to contain a fire in the space of origin

„ Functional requirements:
- to subdivide the ship by thermal and structural boundaries
- fire insulation of boundaries
- maintain fire integrity at openings and penetrations

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 30

 A- and B- class divisions

„ To be tested according to IMO FPTC Part 3

(IMO Res. A.754 (18))
- A-0 steel divisions need not to be tested (4 mm
stiffened steel)

„ Definitions;
- “A-” calls for 1 hour integrity (flame and smoke)
- “B-” calls for 30 minutes integrity (flame only)
- A-60; 60 minutes insulation (maximum 140 / 180
temperature rise on unexposed side after 60 minutes
- B-15; 15 minutes insulation……

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 31

 Cont.

„ Separate tests for bulkhead / decks (linings / ceilings)

„ Some products approved with restrictions (see certificate),
examples:
- “fire against insulation” versus “fire against either side”
- specified air gaps between panels / steel structure
- two layers of insulation

„ B-class linings / ceilings can be combined with A-0 steel

bulkhead / decks and form A-15/30/60 divisions
„ Compliance to be documented by DNV type approval certificates,
Marine Equipment Directive certificates (MED) or test reports

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 32

 Structural Fire Subdivision Passenger Ships
MVZ - Main
Vertical Fire
Zone

MVZ MVZ~40 m (max 48 m) MVZ MVZ

A-60 A-60 A-60

MVZ AreaMax=1600 m2 (1600/48 =33.33 m)

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 33
 Fire integrity

2.3.2 Bulkheads within accommodation area

„ 2.3.2.1 Bulkheads required to be "B" class divisions shall extend from
deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries. However, where a
continuous "B" class ceiling or lining is fitted on both sides of the
bulkhead, the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining.

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 34

 Continuous B class ceiling
Deck B-bulkheads extended from deck to deck
Shell

Deck

Deck Continuous B class ceiling

B-bulkheads
Shell

Deck
Version 21 January 2009 Slide 35
 Fire integrity Cargo Ships

„ Methods of protection in accommodation area

- Method IC
- non-combustible bulkheads
- Method IIC
- sprinkler system
- no restriction of type of bulkheads
- Method IIIC
- fire detection and alarm system
- no restriction of type of bulkheads within 50 m²

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 36

 Fire integrity Cargo Ships

(1) Control stations

Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting.
Wheelhouse and chartroom…..
(2) Corridors
(3) Accommodation spaces
(4) Stairways
(5) Service spaces (low risk)
Lockers and store rooms < 4 m²
(6) Machinery spaces of category A
(7) Other machinery spaces
(8) Cargo spaces
(9) Service spaces (high risk)
Lockers and store rooms > 4 m²
(10) Open decks
(11) Ro-ro and vehicle spaces

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 37

 Fire integrity Cargo Ships

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 38

 Fire integrity Cargo Ships

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 39

 Fire integrity Cargo Ships

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 40

 Fire integrity

„ 9.3 Penetrations in fire-resisting divisions

- to be tested, see FTP Code

„ 9.4 Protection of openings

- arrangement and details for fire doors, windows
- to be tested, see FTP Code

„ 9.7 Ventilation systems

- fire dampers to be tested, see FTP Code

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 41

 Insulation Cable penetration

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 42

 Cable penetrations

„ Only tested designs accepted

- More than 80 DNV type approval
certificates available (www.dnv.com)
- Some also approved as watertight
penetrations
RISE cable transit
- Types:
- Blocks (Brattberg MCT, Roxtec)
- Sealing plugs (CSD systems)
- Casts (Rise)

ROXTEC cable transit

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 43

 Ventilation duct penetrations

„ < 0.02 m²; steel sleeve of

thickness 3 mm, length 200 mm
„ > 0.02 m²; as above, but steel
sleeve length 900 mm
„ >.075 m²; as above, but with fire
damper

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 44

 Regulation 13 – Means of escape

„ Purpose: to provide means of escape

„ Functional requirements:
- to provide safe escape routes
- escape routes maintained in a safe condition
- aids to ensure accessibility, clear marking, adequate
design

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 45

 Escape routes

From accommodation, service spaces and control

stations
- Two means of escape from each restricted space or group of
spaces
- Escape shall be through doors. Windows are not accepted

„ From below lowest open deck

- Main escape shall be a stairway
- Second escape may be a trunk or a stairway

„ From above lowest open deck

- Means of escape shall be stairs and doors.
- Vertical ladder/trunk not accepted

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 46

 Width of escape routes

„ Passenger ships:
- To be calculated in accordance with FSS Code Ch. 13.2
- Depending on numbers of passengers
- Minimum 900 mm
- Handrail on both sides

„ Cargo ships
- 700 mm
- Handrail on one side (both sides if width is ≥ 1800 mm).

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 47

 Stairs
„ Passenger ships:
- Aligned for and aft for stairs sized for more than 90 persons
- Not exceed 3.5 m in vertical rise without provision of landing
- Inclination not greater than 45°

„ Cargo ships:
- Angle of inclination should be in general 45°, but not greater than 50°
- Machinery spaces and small spaces may have 60° inclination

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 48

 Part D – Escape
Combined change room / receptions
and corridor serving as primary means
of escape

Means of escape
The “change / wash room” situated on main deck is part of
the primary escape route from accommodation forward as
well as from decks above and below. Hence, the space shall
be free from obstacles (position of washbasin may be in
conflict with this intention) and continuous hand rails
ensuring safe escape in heavy seas shall be required on
both sides of this space exceeding the width of 1800 mm.
With respect to fire integrity, this space shall be regarded as
category (2).

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 49

 Part D – Escape

“Room in room arrangement”

Restricted spaces
Escape from the smoker’s lounge is provided with
escape through messroom (1) and through emergency
exit (2)

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 50

 Summary
„ Regulations to be used:
- SOLAS – be aware of new amendments
- DNV Rules
- Flag state requirements
- Class notations

„ 4 types of ships
- Passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers
- Passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers
- Tankers
- Cargo ships

Remember to use the correct table

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 51

Version 21 January 2009 Slide 52