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Clarence Bill Theoria PDF
Clarence Bill Theoria PDF
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196 Clarence P. Bill. [I9OI
ADELBERT COLLEGE.
I.
1 Under each meaning of Oewp&s references are given to all examples which
occur in the works of writers not later than Aristotle, or in inscriptions of the
same period. No attempt is made to give a complete list of later examples.
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Vol. xxxii.] Notes on the Greek OeEwpo4 alzd OeEpia. 197
From these meanings two main ideas are seen in the word,
that of viewing and that of sacred duty. Of these two ideas
the first appears alone in meaning (a), namely, that of spec-
tator. The idea of sacred duty occurs without that of view-
ing in meanings (c) and (d); for the consulting of an oracle
and the announcing of a festival are sacred duties.
Both these notions appear almost equally early and there
has been some difference of opinion as to which was the
original one. Ancient etymologists, from Plutarch on, gen-
erally supposed that the first part of Oecopdk was Oeo6, thus
making Oecopok to mean originally ' one who goes-to perform
some service to a god.' This derivation is disproved not
only by the Doric form Oedpo'q, as has been elsewhere pointed
out,2 but also by the prevailing use of other words from the
same stem as Oecp6S, namely, Oeopta, Oewppeit1 and its com-
pounds, 0&apo8&Koq, 0E6pya, Oe&pyatq, 0EWpflTLKosq, 0EoptKO'k.
For before the close of the classical period the religious sense
appears alone in only three of these words, O6wpi'a, 8ewpetLv,
and OewpoS'Ko9;, and in these three it occurs in all only four
times ; 3 while on the other hand are the very numerous
instances in which the idea of viewing occurs without any of
the other notion.
Although the true formation of the word 6ewpok has not
yet been entirely determined, practically all the views of
recent scholars regarding its structure are such as would
make the notion of spectator the original one.4 It is not the
purpose of this paper to discuss these views; but in order to
make it sure that they are in the right direction, one must
explain how the word, beginning with the meaning ' spectator,'
1 See Plut. Afor. 1140 E; Harp. s.v. OeCpOLKd; Amimon. 7repZ 6car/xpcow \VSecv
68 Valck.; Zonar. Lexic. 1028 Tittman; Poll. 2, 55. Cf. also E. M. 48, 43;
E. Gud. 260, 40 Sturz; Cramer, Anecd. Oxon. 2, 447.
2 Ahrens, De Graecae liniguae dialee/is 2, i82.
3 See Dem. 21, 53; Hyperid. 3, 24-25; [Plat.] Epinom. 315 B; Bull. Corr..
htell. 27, 107. In reality the first of these cases is probably later than the fourth
century, and the third may be so.
4 See Curtius, Griec/ziscize Etymiologie4, 253; Allen, American Journal of
Philology, I, 132; Prellwitz, Ftymologisches Worterbuch, s.v. 9ia; Smyth, Io1ic,
I88, 629; Hoffinann, Criechische Dialecte 2, 296.
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I98 Clarence P. Bill. [1901
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Vol. xxxii.] Notes on the Greek ccpop;, and Oeeop'a. i99
II.
1 See Pind. AV. 3, iI9, and Schol. ad loc.; C.I.G. Sept. 1, 39, 40; Arch.-Epigr.
Mi/theil. aus Oester. I I, i87 n. 2. At Tegea the Oewpol seem to have acquired
certain legislative functions; see Xen. 1el/l. 5, 6, 5. At Mantinea they may
have been given similar functions, but this is not clearly indicated ; see Thuc.
5, 47.
2 Soph. 0. R. I49I; Plat. Legg. 4, 720 B et al.
8 See Hdt. I, 29; Thuc. 6, 24, 3; Isocr. 4, i82; 17, 4; Xen. Hiero, I, I2.
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200 Clarence P. Bill. [I9OI
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Vol. xxxii.] Notes onz thze Greek Oeo)po' and Oeopia. 201
1 The word XeLTovp-ya, applied' by Isocrates (i6, 32) to the Oewpia of A., is
there used in the general sense of 'service done the state.' The display of
Alcibiades is spoken of in a complimentary way by his son as a XevTov-yia, althoug
it was not one of the regularly appointed public services which commonly went
under that name. Cf. Lys. 21, 19.
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202 Clarence P. Bill. [I90I
III.
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Vol. xxxii.] Notes on the Greek Oeapo's and Oeepi'a. 203
IV.
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204 Clarence P. Bill. [190O
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