1 cHABOT ESYS 50 Week - 4 Lab Activity Student Guide Lab 4—Basic Use of the Oscilloscope Student Name: Overview In this lab activity, you will use the oscilloscope to measure the waveforms at the BOE opto-sensor input and the motor drive output. You will replicate the motor drive output with the function generator, and use the oscilloscope dual-trace made to compare the motor output with the function generator. Before Starting This Activity Review the following online learning modules on the Wise-Online website (www.wisc-online.com): © Oscilloscope Frequency Measurements * Oscilloscope AC Voltage Measurements, © Oscilloscope DC Voltage Measurements ‘* Oscilloscope Phase Shift Measurements Links to these learning modules are in the CANVAS Week 4 Online Activities folder. Learning Outcomes For Activity Relevant knowledge (K), skill (S), or attitude (A) student learning outcomes K1. Define peak-to-peak voltage, period, and frequency for AC waveforms K2. Define period, pulse width, and duty cycle for repetitive DC pulses K3. Describe the function of the vertical, horizontal, and triggering sections of an oscilloscope S1. Measure peak-to-peak voltages, period, and frequency of AC waveforms ‘S2. Measure period, pulse width, and duty cycle of pulsating DC waveforms Gerardo Sanchez $3. Replicate a measured pulsating DC waveform with a function generator $4. Compile data into a test report. ‘AA. Recognize the significance of the oscilloscope as a primary tool for the technician Time Needed Lab Performance: It should take students approximately 3.0 hours to work through the entire lab, Lab Deliverables: It should take students approximately 1.0 hours of homework time to create the lab report summary. Equipment & Supplies BOE-bot robot trainer ‘AA alkaline cells (batteries) stalled in BOE-bot___| NI-ELVIS trainer BNC-to-clip test cable ‘AA alkaline cells (batteries) ~ installed in BOE-bot & lola} a Special Safety Requirements © The BOE-bot wheels can present a pinch hazard when moving, Keep fingers and loose parts away from the wheels Lab Preparation 1. The BOE-bot must have the program follow-line.bs2 loaded on the BASIC Stamp microcontroller. The instructor will confirm that you have the correct software loaded. Wk-4 Lab 4—O-scope and Function Gen © 2019 ESYS 50 1ESYS 50 Week - 4 Lab Activity Student Guide 2, The BOE-bot must have the optical sensor course tracking board installed. Verify that the board is mounted securely on the front of the robot. Introduction You are the technician responsible for troubleshooting opto-sensor and motor drive problems on the BOE-bot for the “ESYS. 500 Robo-Race.” In order to efficiently isolate problems on a malfunctioning unit, you need to measure a functioning unit so you will have a baseline for comparison. Task #1 — Set up the NI-ELVIS. The NI-ELVIS lab trainers contain several test and measurement instruments in one unit. The controls and displays of these instruments are through software tools running on a PC, interfaced to the NI-ELVIS on a USB bus connection. 1, Turn on power to the N-ELVIS. Note that there are two power switches. The rear switch is the main power, and the top switch enables the built-in power supplies and test equipment. Both should be ON 2. Onthe PC, open the MX Instrument Launcher Toolbar (Desktop shortcut). 3. Open the O-scope virtual instrument (VD. In the Instrument Control section of the VI, note the identifier of the connected device (Dev, Dev2, etc.) Deu Js. 4, Inthe Channel 0 Settings section of the VI, verify that the selected Source is SCOPE CH 0. Task #2 — Opto-Sensor Inputs The “eyes” of the robot are light-sensitive resistors. In this task we will measure the sensitivity of the resistors in the same manner as the microcontroller. 1. Place the Boe-Bot power switch in position 1. This powers the electronics on the board, but does not supply power to the motors 2. Connect the BNC-clip lead to the Channel 0 oscilloscope (O-scope) input on the NI-ELVIS. Open the O-Scope soft front panel (SFP) tool on the PC Connect the black (ground) lead of the test probe to the same row as the black ead (Vss) from the opto-sensor board, and the red lead to the proto board in the same row that the red lead (left sensor) from the opto-sensor board. You may use short 22 ga solid jumper wires to make the connections from the test cable to the proto board. Wk-4 Lab 4—O-scope and Function Gen © 2019 ESYS 50 2ESYS 50 Week - 4 Lab Activity Student Guide 3. Click the RUN button on the NI-ELVIS co-scope SFP. Click the Autoscale button cn the o-scope, A waveform should appear on the scope display. Check the scope settings. Adjust from the default settings if necessary’ Channel 0 Coupling: DC Channel 0 Probe Setup: 1x Channel 1 Vertical Position: 0 Channel 1 Vidiv: 2 Time base s/div: 10 ms 4, In the Trigger section of the SFP, change the Type from Immediate to Edge. Set the level to 1 volt. The scope display should now show a stable waveform. 5. Adjust the Vidiv, s/div, ch 1 vertical position, and horizontal position. Note the effect on the waveform display. Note that this is only changing how you are ooking at the waveform. The waveform itself remains the unchanged. Changing V/div:___ stretched up and down/taller or shorter Changing s/div: Zoomed in on the waveform. stretched/compressed Changing vertical position: Moved vertically/up or down ‘Changing horizontal position: Moves left or right 6. Examine the change in the waveform when the channel 0 coupling is switched from DC to AC. Note the changes: DC to AC coupling: __Damping occurs when in AC coupling Doth over and under damping |. Adjust all of the above controls to produce a waveform display that shows a minimum of two complete periods of the waveform, with the zero-volt reference three divisions below the centerline, and the vertical height at ‘maximum without exceeding the top of the display. Sketch the waveform, Identify the shape, period, and amplitude of the waveform. Use the horizontal and vertical cursors to assist in your measurements, The BOE-bot software monitors this signal and measures the time for the falling edge signal to drop (the “decay time”) to 1.4V. What is the time from the start of the drop to the 1.4V level? Set the horizontal scale to a faster s/div to expand your view of the falling edge and use the cursor function on the scope to improve the accuracy of this measurement. Decay time (light)=248ms__ Cover the left photoresistor with your finger. How did the waveform change? The falling edge changes from a straight edge to a curved edge What is the decay time? Decay time (dark) 2.477ms Wk-4 Lab 4—O-scope and Function Gen © 2019 ESYS 50 3ee eee Week - 4 Lab Activity Student Guide 11. Move the red scope probe clip to the proto board in the same row that the green lead (right sensor) from the opto- sensor board. You may use short 22 ga solid jumper wires to make the connections from the test cable to the proto board, Repeat the measurements for the left photosensor. Are the results similar for the light and dark ‘measurements? How are they different (or, are they)? 2.46ms for 1.4V drop is not curved while there is a delay of 2.95ms to drop to 1.4v for curved. It takes a little longer but appears to be the same waveform Task #3 - Motor Drive Outputs 1. If the “eyes” of the robot are light- sensitive resistors, then the “legs” are the motors. Connect channel 1 test probe to the leg of the resistor in the P12 socket Be careful not to short the two resistor leads together. Leave the probe ground clip on the BOE-bot Vss line. Press the Autoscale button. Adjust the o-scope vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls to display two complete periods of the waveform, DC coupled, with the 0-volt reference on the center of the screen, and a height of two to four divisions. 2, Measure the period and the width of the positive pulse of the waveform by counting horizontal divisions and multiplying by the s/div scale, Use the cursors to check your measurement. ‘After you complete the period ‘measurement, change the s/div toa shorter time to measure the pulse width. Period: number of divisions: 8X s/div 2ms= 16ms Period: cursor measurement 15.86ms. Pulse width: number of divisions 0.9 X sidiv 2ms = 1.8ms Pulse width: cursor measurement 1.63ms Sketch the waveform in the P12 graticule below. Wk-4 Lab 4—O-scope and Function Gen © 2019 ESYS 50 4ESYS 50 Week - 4 Lab Activity Student Guide 3, Connect a second BNC-clip lead to the Channel 1 input on.the o-scope. Connect the red clip of the probe to the other side of the same resistor, the side that connects to the LED. The black clip connects to the same ground point as the channel 0 probe. Click the Enabled checkbox on the channel 1 display. Adjust the V/div to the same setting as channel 1. Sketch the waveform in the LED graticule below. What is similar, and what is different about the two waveforms? Same: period Voltage: Peaks are different Vidiv=1V_ s/div=2ms 4, Put the power switch to position 2 t0 turn on the servo motors. The specifications for the servo motors state that the motors should be still when the pulse width is 1.5 ms, turn one direction when the pulse width narrows, and turn the opposite direction when the pulse width increases, Which direction, clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW), does the motor turn when the pulse width narrows? (hint: you may unplug the motor connector from P13 to determine which motor is connected to P12). When narrowed, the boe-bot turns right Deliverable(s) Save your completed Lab 4 Worksheet and your Performance Report (at the end of this document) in your Lab Activity Binder. Wk-4 Lab 4—O-scope and Function Gen © 2019 ESYS 50 5ESYS 50 Lab Activity Student Guide Lab 4 Basic Use of the Oscilloscope and Function Generator Performance Report Student Name: Gerardo Sanchez Note: Print and tum in the performance report pages along with the lab activity procedure pages. Scope Measurements What was the effect of switching between AC and DC coupling? How did the display change? [AC coupling removes the DC signal and allow to the scope to show any small variations in the signal. DC coupling shows the entire signal being generated How did your calculated voltage and time measurements (number of divisions multiplied by Vidiv and s/div) compare with the cursor measurements? Which do you think is more accurate, and why? The cursor measurements were more accurate, as they were able to measure the real signal. The calculations were close and within Ims of the measured signal. When examining the waveforms at P12 and at the LED, P12 is the source voltage supplied by the STAMP microcontroller, and the voltage drops are across the resistor and the LED. Since we measured the source voltage and the voltage across the LED, we can determine the voltage across the resistor by subtracting the voltage of the LED from the source voltage at each horizontal point to create the voltage waveform across the resistor. Sketch the voltage across the resistor by using the above method. Wk-4 Lab 4—O-scope and Function Gen © 2019 ESYS 50 6