DISEÑO Y ANALISIS BASICO DE LA CERCHA Y ARCO DE UN PUENTE VEHICULAR

Ordoñez J., Revelo J., Obando K., Marcillo A.

Universidad Mariana, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ingeniería Civil

RESUMEN:

The project established the design of an arched bridge for vehicular traffic in the city of
Sapuyes Nariño, with which it is intended to improve road infrastructure in the municipality,
allowing further development and improve communication with the surrounding areas. The
design was based on projects where arch bridges were implemented, the AutoCAD
graphic software was used to generate the design level; the dimensions were taken and
the structure of the arch and truss that supports the board, to analyze the knowledge
acquired in comprehensive physical and mechanical calculation is implemented, so that
the arc length is determined analyzed, as well as the area to be generated under the
curve, the nodes method used to calculate the forces exerted by the board on the trusses
that support it..

structure, giving rise to different types of

1. INTRODUCCION:
The bridge is a structure that saves an
obstacle, whether river, ditch, ravine or
via natural or artificial media, and to allow
the passage of pedestrians, animals or
vehicles. All bridges are based on natural
models, which, as technology has
progressed, we have incorporated new
ways of solving the same problems. From
a tree toppled onto a bed, a detached
stone hillside or a tangle of lianas and
vines stretched over a ravine, which have
always served to save natural features,
has mounted a science that is important
part of the application civil engineering1.
The bridge is chosen for the project arch
bridge, which is characterized by
having supports located at the ends of
the light to save, among which a structure
is provided with an arc with which loads
are transmitted. The board can be
supported or hung from the main
1
DEMCHENKO, Y. sistemas de Construcción de
Puentes en arco. Universidad Politécnica de
Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros
de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Facultad de
Ingeniería. Programa Ingeniería Civil. 2001, 12p.
arch bridge according to the board
position relative to the arc.2.
The arch bridges work by transferring the
weight of the bridge and live load to the
support by compressing the bow, where
they transform into a horizontal thrust and
vertical load3.
Given the many segments that make and
stabilize the arch bridge, the importance
of physical and mathematical analysis of
these structures are highlighted as they
are routed to establish the characteristics
and physical and mechanical properties
that interact in the structure, and allows
stability, design and long-term
sustainability.
2. APPLICATIONS FOR AUTOCAD
2
JOQUERA, Estudio del Comportamiento
Resistente de los Puentes en Arco Espaciales.
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos,
Canales y Puertos. Facultad de Ingeniería. 2007,
33p.
3
PUENTES. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ávila.
Ingeniería Técnica de Topografía. Ingeniería Civil.
192p.
 Based on the plane dimensions are taken
AutoCAD drawing program was used to for calculations.
develop the plan and project design; the
design was based on different projects Fig 4 bridge scheme for the analysis of
which were implemented arch bridges; in calculation
Figure 1, 2 and 3, we can see the design
proposed for the project bridge.

Fig. 1 isometric arch bridge view

3.1 Area Under the curve.

We describe the formula for the area of

the bridge:

Fig. 2 Arch bridge front view

y=a .cos h ( ax )
According to the arc of the bridge we can
describe the equation as:

y=−a . cosh ( xa )
a = Space that forms the arch of the
Fig. 3 Arched bridge top view bridge.

To calculate the area under the

curve, we propose the following
integral:
b

∫ a .cosh ( ax ) a . x
a

16.3
x
∫ 16.3 . cosh ( 16.3 )d x
0

The finished design necessary for project

analysis dimensions were taken.
COMPLETAR LAS FORMULAS CON
EL PDF AREA BAJO LA CURVA

The area under the curve is of great

importance to determine the light that the
3. CALCULATION APPLICATIONS
bridge will thus be implemented to gauge
the effects of the river that saves, since
the riverbed can generate wear as
undercuts in the structure.
3.2 Arc Length
For the arc length we plant the following
integral, based on the equation
describing the arc equation
y=−16.3. cosh ( 16.3x )
COMPLETAR CON PDF
The arc length becomes important when
calculating budgets as when
dimensioning the structure will have a
base number of materials can be used at
the time of construction.
3.3 volume calculation.
In order to calculate the volume of the
bridge deck we will begin by defining the
dimensions Figure 5
Fig 5 Scheme of the bridge deck
Where: X=24 m; Y=0.50m; Z=0.50 m
The volume equation is defined:
v=x . y . z
v=24∗10∗0.50
v=¿ 120 m3
The calculation of the volume was useful
to calculate the volume of the board and
thus determine their weight by calculating
the density of the materials that comprise
it.
3.4 Rate Variation
We cylinders forming bridge railings,
height (h) figure.6 constant, with which
variation the area of the cylinder with
respect to the variation of its radius
was calculated.
Fig 6. Segment of the railing of the
bridge
Ac=π . r 2 . h
Where: π = 3.14
h = 1m
r = 0.05m
Therefore it represents the change as
follows:
A' =[ π . r 2 . h ] A' =2 π .h . r
A' =2(3.14).(1 m).(0.05 m)
A' =0.314 m
With the calculation of the variation can
determine the area occupied railings on
the bridge, which is very important for
sizing the board since it must ensure
adequate space for vehicular traffic; and
it is also important to determine the cost
of different materials that can be
developed.
 4. APPLICATIONS PHYSICAL
AND GEOMETRY

The forces exerted on the trusses that

help support the bridge deck were
determined. Figure 7:
4.2 Calculation of reactions in the
Fig 7. Truss Segment truss

COMPLETAR PDF PARTE 2 FISICA

∑ fx=0ax +m1=0ax=−m1
∑ fy=0ay + fy−m1 −m2=0
ay + fy=m1 +m 2

∑ momentos=0
s . z −s . z−z . j+ fy . z=0

4.1 Calculation of the Force on the

∑ My=0
z . z +s . s−s . z−ay . s
Truss

To determine the weight exerted on the

truss, the volume board, as this will be Calculation of nodes:
made in concrete which has a density of
600Kg / m3 was calculated, then we COMPLETAR DEL PDF PARTE 3
have: FISICA LAS IMÁGENES YA ESTAN
COMO EN EL PDF
COMPLETAR PDF APLICACIÓN EN
FISICA PARTE 1

In the section of the truss the forces

exerted on it and the unknowns we can
represent the following diagrams. Figure
8:

Fig. 8 Section truss, forces and

unknowns

Node a:
  −Nbc+ Ncd . sen 45° =0
 Ncf −Nac+ Ncd . cos 45°

 S2 + Nab . sen 45° =0 Node d:

 −S1 + Nac . cos 45° =0

Node b:

The fence is established solved as

follows:

 Nbd+ S1 + Nac . cos 45°

 −Nbc−S 2+ Nac . sen 45°

Node c:
Where: N ab = -332.62; N ac = 411.59;
bd = -411.59 N; BC = 58.79 N; CD = 6. REFERENCES
83.1 N; EF = 352.82 N; DF = -332.56N
 DEMCHENKO, Y. sistemas de
Since a section of the truss was chosen, Construcción de Puentes en arco.
you can set for the remaining sections Universidad Politécnica de
will get the same forces as they are are Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior
geometrically similar; thus all the forces de Ingenieros de Caminos,
that are supporting the truss to support Canales y Puertos. Facultad de
the platform is established, the Ingeniería. Programa Ingeniería
importance of finding these forces for the Civil. 2001, 12p.
design of a truss and materials which will
be made is highlighted.  JOQUERA, Estudio del
Comportamiento Resistente de
los Puentes en Arco Espaciales.
5 CONCLUSIONS Universidad Politécnica de
Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior
 AutoCAD software enables us to de Ingenieros de Caminos,
design drawings of houses, Canales y Puertos. Facultad de
buildings, industrial buildings, Ingeniería. 2007, 33p.
among others, has extensive
editing capabilities so it is an  PUENTES. Escuela Politécnica
essential tool for any Engineer, Superior de Ávila. Ingeniería
omentum to develop plans and Técnica de Topografía. Ingeniería
geometrical and geographical
Civil. 192p.
analysis in our professional
environment.  Análisis de cerchas Método de las
uniones. Seminario de
 The arc length was 555 and the Modelación Matemática en
area under the curve was Arquitectura. Disponible en:
described 678, these data are http://laboratoriomatematicas.unia
important for analyzing the costs ndes.edu.co
of materials and establish arch
bridge light the bridge to fit the
stretch of river that saves.  Estructuras metálicas,
http://www.areatecnologia.com/es
 The method of joints is of great tructuras/estructuras-
importance in determining the metalicas.html. 14/05/2015.
forces exerted on the nodes of a
truss segments, and establish the
dimensions or maximum forces
that can withstand a certain truss.

 In order to properly understand

the structural behavior of such
bridges sufficient knowledge of
the different resistant elements
involved in it, as well as the
physical and mathematical
theoretical basis it is necessary.