Getting Started With Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0

Getting Started
with
Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0
Copyright © 2018. All rights reserved.

Table of Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................................1
Conventions Used in this Guide.........................................................................................1
Where to Find Information..................................................................................................1
More Documentation Resources........................................................................................2
Technical Support...............................................................................................................2
Feedback............................................................................................................................2
Chapter 1 – Introducing Geogiga Seismic Pro.......................................................................3

What is Geogiga Seismic Pro.............................................................................................3
Advantages of Geogiga Seismic Pro..................................................................................5
Installing Geogiga Seismic Pro..........................................................................................5
System Requirements....................................................................................................5
Installation Instructions...................................................................................................5
Starting Geogiga Seismic Pro ...........................................................................................6
Preference Settings in Geogiga Seismic Pro.....................................................................7
Parts of Interface................................................................................................................8
Chapter 2 – Updating License................................................................................................9

Generating the Key Code...................................................................................................9
Activating the Key.............................................................................................................11
Chapter 3 – Importing Seismic Data.....................................................................................12
Chapter 4 – Displaying Seismic Data...................................................................................15

Plot....................................................................................................................................16
Plot Type.......................................................................................................................17
Display Gain.................................................................................................................21
Range...............................................................................................................................23
Scale.................................................................................................................................24
Autofit...........................................................................................................................24
Scale Values.................................................................................................................25
Scaling Factors for Zoom Buttons................................................................................25
Gap Width.....................................................................................................................27
Annotation.........................................................................................................................28
Horizontal Annotation...................................................................................................29
Vertical Annotation .......................................................................................................30
Miscellaneous Options.....................................................................................................31
Chapter 5 – Plotting Curves..................................................................................................33

Geometry..........................................................................................................................34
Properties.........................................................................................................................36
Chapter 6 – Outputting Results............................................................................................38

Printing Image...................................................................................................................39
Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 i

Saving Image....................................................................................................................40
Printing Seismic................................................................................................................41
Chapter 7 – Getting Started with Reflector...........................................................................42

What is Reflector..............................................................................................................42
Reflector Interface............................................................................................................43
Getting Started..................................................................................................................44
Inputting Seismic Data.................................................................................................44
Scaling Seismic Data...................................................................................................45
Sorting Gathers in CMP Order.....................................................................................47
Analyzing Velocities......................................................................................................47
Creating Time Stack.....................................................................................................50
What is Next.....................................................................................................................51
Chapter 8 – Getting Started with SF Imager........................................................................52

What is SF Imager............................................................................................................52
SF Imager Interface..........................................................................................................52
Getting Started..................................................................................................................54
Picking Velocities..........................................................................................................55
Migrating Seismic Data................................................................................................56
What is Next.....................................................................................................................56
Chapter 9 – Getting Started with Refractor.........................................................................57

What is Refractor..............................................................................................................57
Refractor Interface............................................................................................................58
Getting Started..................................................................................................................59
Picking First Breaks......................................................................................................60
Assigning Layers..........................................................................................................61
Phantoming TX curves.................................................................................................62
Interpreting with GRM..................................................................................................63
What is Next.....................................................................................................................64
Chapter 10 – Getting Started with DW Tomo.......................................................................65

What is DW Tomo.............................................................................................................65
DW Tomo Interface...........................................................................................................66
Getting Started..................................................................................................................67
Building Initial Model....................................................................................................69
Running Tomography...................................................................................................70
Reviewing Results........................................................................................................71
What is Next.....................................................................................................................71
Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 ii

Chapter 11 – Getting Started with Surface and Surface Plus..............................................72
What is Surface and Surface Plus....................................................................................72
Surface and Surface Plus Interface..................................................................................73
Getting Started..................................................................................................................74
Picking Dispersion Curves...........................................................................................75
Inverting Dispersion Curves.........................................................................................76
Plotting Velocity Color Section.....................................................................................78
What is Next.....................................................................................................................79
Chapter 12 – Getting Started with Microtremor....................................................................80

What is Microtremor.........................................................................................................80
Microtremor Interface.......................................................................................................81
Getting Started..................................................................................................................82
Analyzing Amplitude Spectrum....................................................................................83
Outputting Results........................................................................................................84
What is Next.....................................................................................................................84
Chapter 13 – Getting Started with XW Tomo........................................................................85

What is XW Tomo.............................................................................................................85
XW Tomo Interface...........................................................................................................86
Getting Started..................................................................................................................87
Building Initial Model....................................................................................................89
Running Tomography...................................................................................................90
Reviewing Results........................................................................................................91
What is Next.....................................................................................................................91
Chapter 14 – Getting Started with VSP................................................................................92

What is VSP......................................................................................................................92
VSP Interface....................................................................................................................92
Getting Started..................................................................................................................94
Separating Downgoing and Upgoing Waves...............................................................96
Building Corridor Stack................................................................................................97
What is Next.....................................................................................................................97
Chapter 15 – Getting Started with PS Log...........................................................................98

What is PS Log.................................................................................................................98
PS Log Interface...............................................................................................................99
Getting Started...............................................................................................................100
Inputting Seismic Data...............................................................................................100
Picking First Breaks....................................................................................................101
Calculating Velocities.................................................................................................102
Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 iii

Outputting Result Table..............................................................................................103
What is Next...................................................................................................................104
Chapter 16 – Getting Started with Seismapper..................................................................105

What is Seismapper.......................................................................................................105
Seismapper Interface.....................................................................................................106
Getting Started...............................................................................................................107
Loading a Project.......................................................................................................107
Selecting Sections......................................................................................................108
Switching View...........................................................................................................109
What is Next...................................................................................................................109
Chapter 17 – Getting Started with EFit...............................................................................110

What is EFit.....................................................................................................................110
EFit Interface...................................................................................................................110
Getting Started................................................................................................................111
Loading Seismic Data and Velocity Model.................................................................112
Fitting Velocity Model to First Arrivals.........................................................................112
Saving Velocity Model................................................................................................113
What is Next....................................................................................................................113
Chapter 18 – Getting Started with DW Tomo3D.................................................................114

What is DW Tomo3D.......................................................................................................114
DW Tomo3D Interface.....................................................................................................114
Getting Started................................................................................................................116
Loading First Break Picks...........................................................................................116
Building Initial Model...................................................................................................117
Running Tomography.................................................................................................117
What is Next....................................................................................................................118
Chapter 19 – Getting Started with Surface3D....................................................................119

What is Surface3D..........................................................................................................119
Surface3D Interface........................................................................................................119
Getting Started...............................................................................................................120
Loading a Project.......................................................................................................120
Building 3D Volume....................................................................................................121
What is Next...................................................................................................................123
Chapter 20 – Getting Started with Modeling......................................................................124

What is Modeling............................................................................................................124
Modeling Interface..........................................................................................................124
Getting Started...............................................................................................................125
Loading a Velocity Model...........................................................................................125
Generating Synthetic Seismic Data...........................................................................126
What is Next...................................................................................................................128
Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 iv

Preface
Geogiga Seismic Pro is a complete seismic data processing and interpretation software
package with intuitive interfaces and innovative techniques. With this package, you can:
➢ Handle the full range of seismic data processing in near-surface geophysics.
➢ Improve the efficiency of data analysis.
➢ Ensure the quality of results.
Conventions Used in this Guide

The conventions used in this guide are given below:
➢ Bold – Represents keystrokes, menu items, window names, or fields.
➢ Italic – Uses for file names, directory names, and emphasis as well.
➢ Courier – Denotes the text to enter.
➢ <OS driver> – The root driver on your computer where the operating system is installed.
➢ <installdir> – The directory where Geogiga Seismic Pro is installed. The default path is
<OS driver>:\Program Files\Geogiga\Seismic Pro.
Where to Find Information

The following list explains what you can find in this guide:
➢ Chapter 1 introduces what is Geogiga Seismic Pro and how to install the software.
➢ Chapter 2 demonstrates the procedure of updating the license.
➢ Chapter 3 describes how to import seismic data.
➢ Chapter 4 discusses the display of seismic data.
➢ Chapter 5 talks about the plotting of various curves including time-distance curves,
dispersion curves, and such.
➢ Chapter 6 shows how to output results.
➢ Chapter 7-20 provides the starting guides for each application in Geogiga Seismic Pro.
Please read through the first six chapters before jumping to the other chapters.
More Documentation Resources
All the applications in Geogiga Seismic Pro come with a user guide that provides detailed
instructions. You can open the user guide from the Help menu in an application.
Furthermore, our website offers Demos, Release Notes, Tips, and FAQ. Please read more
documentations at www.geogiga.com.
Technical Support
If you have questions, need additional assistance, or encounter a problem, please contact
Technical Support using the information given below:
Telephone: 1-403-451 4886
Email: support@geogiga.com
Web: www.geogiga.com
Feedback
To help us improve the future documentation, we want to know any corrections, clarification or
further information you would find useful. When you contact us, please include the following
information:
➢ The title of the documentation you are referring to
➢ The version of the application you are using
➢ Your name, company name, and phone number
Please send us your comments at sales@geogiga.com.
Preface 2
Chapter 1 – Introducing Geogiga Seismic Pro
This chapter covers following topics:
➢ What is Geogiga Seismic Pro
➢ Advantages of Geogiga Seismic Pro
➢ Installing Geogiga Seismic Pro
➢ Starting Geogiga Seismic Pro
➢ Settings in Geogiga Seismic Pro
➢ Parts of Interface
What is Geogiga Seismic Pro

Geogiga Seismic Pro is a complete full-featured seismic data processing and interpretation
software package adapted to near-surface geophysics. It includes following applications:
➢ Front End – Seismic data preprocessing software to preprocess a single shot record. It
contains geometry assignment, frequency filter, gain control, trigger delay correction,
vertical stacking, amplitude decay analysis, vibroseis correlation, data resampling, data
format conversion, data integration, and such.
➢ Seismapper – Data mapping software to plot velocity sections or seismic stacks in 2D

section and 3D fence. The velocity sections are displayed with colors, contours, and
lithologic symbols, while, the seismic stacks are viewed with wiggle or color density.
➢ EFIT – Interactive event fitting tool to show synthetic refraction and reflection curves on
top of seismic record from a user given model and then interactively fit the model to the
first arrivals and any reflectors.
➢ Modeling – 1-D seismic modeling software to generate synthetic reflection, refraction,

surface waves, and air waves based on a layered velocity model.
➢ Modeling2D – Full wavefield modeling software for complex velocity model.
➢ Reflector – Seismic reflection data processing software for the multi-fold reflection data.
It integrates all the regular processing modules, and has a powerful multi-step undo and
redo function to help in tuning parameters.
➢ SF Imager – Optimum offset reflection data processing software to process the optimum
offset reflection data or the ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. You can get the depth
profile with the calculated or observed velocities.
Chapter 1 – Introducing Geogiga Seismic Pro 3

➢ Refractor – Seismic refraction data processing software with traditional interpretation
methods including the intercept time method (ITM), ABC method (ABC), delay time
method (DTM), and generalized reciprocal method (GRM). It offers a trace magnifier,
automatic phantom, color section, and such.
➢ DW Tomo – Refraction tomography software to estimate a complex velocity structure

directly from first arrivals. It uses the robust grid ray tracing method and the regularized
inversion approach. The estimated model can also be applied for static correction in the
seismic reflection data processing.
➢ DW Tomo3D – 3D refraction tomography software to derive a 3D velocity structure

directly from first arrivals in 3D seismic exploration.
➢ Surface – Surface wave data processing software to handle the SASW and MASW. It
calculates the dispersion spectrum in the F-K, F-V, or F-P domain, and uses the robust
forwarding scheme and the nonlinear global optimum genetic algorithm (GA) to assure
the quick converge of inversion.
➢ Surface Plus – Advanced surface wave data processing software to handle both active
and passive surface waves. It contains all the features provided in Surface, and is able
to process passive surface waves acquired with any shape of geometry layout with FK
and SPAC methods. Time segmentation, azimuth analysis, spectrum combination, and
other advanced functionalities are also included.
➢ Surface3D – Surface wave 3D mapping software to plot the results generated from
Surface or Surface Plus as 3D fence or cube in 3D surface wave survey.
➢ Microtremor – Microtremor observation analysis software to get the predominant period

and frequency of a site from the ground motions.
➢ Surface RT – Real-time processing software for passive surface wave data.
➢ XW Tomo – Crosswell tomography software to estimate the velocities between wells

with traveltime. Based on the grid ray tracing and regularized inversion approach, it is
capable of deriving the velocity structure among multiple vertical or deviated wells,
meanwhile allowing the variable surface.
➢ VSP – Vertical seismic profiling software to handle the zero-offset or offset VSP survey.
It uses the F-K or median filter to separate the downgoing and upgoing waves, and then
builds the corridor stack or VSP-CDP mapping.
➢ PS Log – Well velocity survey software designed to efficiently process the data in the
well velocity survey. You are able to pick the first arrivals with the mouse button on P
and S waves simultaneously in the analysis window. In the meantime, you can get the
interval velocity, average velocity, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus.

Advantages of Geogiga Seismic Pro
Compared with other seismic data processing software, Geogiga Seismic Pro is innovative,
powerful, and simple. Here are some of the advantages:
➢ Innovative techniques. Many innovative developments are made in the mathematical

analysis techniques and interactive graphic manipulations, which improve the efficiency
of data analysis and ensure the accuracy of final results.
➢ Full-featured software package adapted to shallow geophysics. Most of the processing

methods are improved for the near-surface environment.
➢ Data format compatibility. Different data formats are seamlessly supported. No extra
files are created for data conversion.
➢ Consistent user interface. All the applications in Geogiga Seismic Pro have a similar
look and feel, making them easy to learn and master.
Installing Geogiga Seismic Pro

The following information regards the software installation on your computer.
System Requirements
The supported platforms are Windows 2000 / XP / Vista / 7 / 8 /10, Windows Server 2003 /
2008 / 2012.
The minimum system requirements are listed as follows:
➢ RAM – 128MB (256MB or above recommended)
➢ Hard disk space – 300MB
➢ PDF file viewer – Adobe Acrobat Reader 4.0 or later
Installation Instructions
To install Geogiga Seismic Pro:
(1) Disconnect the software protection key. The driver may not be installed properly if
the key is connected to the computer.
(2) Obtain your software distribution directory and installation password.
(3) Create a temporary directory on the hard disk, such as c:\g3temp, then download
G3SeismicProInstaller.exe to this directory.

(4) Double click G3SeismicProInstaller.exe in the directory created in step (3) to launch
the setup wizard, then follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
(5) Restart the computer.
(6) Attach the software protection key to the computer.
Starting Geogiga Seismic Pro

The most common way to launch an application in Geogiga Seismic Pro is by using Geogiga
Seismic Pro Launchpad as shown in figure 1-1. To start an application from the Launchpad:
(1) Open the Launchpad by double clicking the shortcut icon of Geogiga Seismic Pro
on the Windows Desktop.
(2) Single click the application icon on the Launchpad. If you prefer to start an application
with a double-click, change the Preference settings discussed next.
Figure 1-1: Starting an application from Geogiga Seismic Pro Launchpad

Preference Settings in Geogiga Seismic Pro
The common Preference settings can be changed from Geogiga Seismic Pro Launchpad.
To modify the preferences,
(1) Open the Preferences dialog box by clicking the Preferences command under the
Settings menu in Geogiga Seismic Pro Launchpad.
(2) In the Preferences dialog box as shown in figure 1-2,
➢ Change the measurement units by clicking the Meters or the Feet radio button. This
option only affects the axis annotation in data display.
➢ Select to start an application from the Launchpad with a single-click or double-click.
(3) After the settings are changed, click the OK button and then restart the Launchpad.
Figure 1-2: Changing the Preference settings

Parts of Interface
The interface is similar in each application of Geogiga Seismic Pro. It has five parts as shown
in figure 1-3:
➢ Title Bar – Displays the application name and the processed file name.
➢ Menu Bar – Uses menus to group all commands in the application. When you click on
one of the menus, a submenu drops down to show commands.
The Menu Bar contains common menus including the File menu, the Window menu,
and the Help menu. The File menu contains commands that apply to a file, such as
open, save, save as, close, print, and import seismic data. The Window menu contains
commands for showing Toolbar, Status Bar, and Menu Bar. The Help menu contains
links to the user guide and information about the application.
➢ Toolbar – Places the commonly used commands in groups.
➢ Display Window – Displays seismic data and plots curves.
➢ Status Bar – Provides information about commands, seismic data, curves, and such
when the mouse cursor is moved over the interface.
The details of these parts vary in each application. See the relevant chapters in this guide.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Tool bar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 1-3: Parts of interface in each application

Chapter 2 – Updating License
The software license is based on an individual application instead of Geogiga Seismic Pro.
Except Surface RT, all other applications in Geogiga Seismic Pro will require a software
protection key.
Initially, you will have 30 times and 15 days to try any application with a software protection
key. As soon as any of these limits is reached, the application will expire and a dialog box
similar to that as shown in figure 2-1 will appear when the application is started.
Figure 2-1: The dialog box pops up if a license expires
Once the application expires, you need to update its license. There are two steps to update
the license:
(1) Generate the key code.
(2) Activate the key.
Before updating the license, make sure the software protection key attached to the computer.
After you purchase the software and update the license, the application can be installed and
used permanently on any computer.
Generating the Key Code

To generate the key code, open the Generate Key Code dialog box by clicking the Generate
Key Code command under the Tools menu in Geogiga Seismic Pro Launchpad as shown in
figure 2-2. In the Generate Key Code dialog box:
(1) Enter the following information in the relevant fields:
➢ Key Number. The number, printed on the software protection key, starts with S-GTC
and ends with 6 digits.
➢ Your Company Name. For example, enter ABC Corporation.
Chapter 2 – Updating License 9

(2) Click the Generate Key Code button and then save the code to a file with the “.req”
file extension. After that, a dialog box as shown in figure 2-3 appears to prompt the
sending instructions.
(3) Send all the required information to sales@geogiga.com.
Figure 2-2: Generating key code in the Generate Key Code dialog box
Figure 2-3: The message dialog box

Activating the Key
After receiving the license file with the “.upw” file extension, open the Update License dialog
box by clicking the Update License command under the Tools menu in Geogiga Seismic Pro
Launchpad as shown in figure 2-4. In the dialog box, to activate the key:
(1) Load the license file by clicking the Input License Code File button.
(2) Click the Update License button. If the license is successfully updated, a dialog box
as shown in figure 2-5 will appear.
Figure 2-4: Updating license in the Update License dialog box
Figure 2-5: The confirmation dialog box

Chapter 3 – Importing Seismic Data
Except Front End and Seismapper, all the other applications in Geogiga Seismic Pro require
all seismic shot records in a survey line are saved in one data file. If your data are saved as
per shot per file, please import seismic data first.
To explain the importing procedure, the following uses Refractor with data files under the
<installdir>\sample\refractor\raw_data directory.
To import seismic data, open the Geometry Assignment and Files Integration dialog box by
clicking the Import Seismic command under the File menu as shown in figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1: Opening the Geometry Assignment and Files Integration dialog box
In the Geometry Assignment and Files Integration dialog box, follow the instructions given
below:
(1) Select the Group 1 name under the Geometry Definition Group list.
Chapter 3 – Importing Seismic Data 12

(2) Click the Add button. Afterwards, the Add Files to File List dialog box appears.
In the Add Files to File List dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\refractor\
raw_data directory, then hold down the Shift or Ctrl key while selecting the shot file
names, and finally click the Open button to add these files to the File List in the
Geometry Assignment and Files Integration dialog box.
This step is shown in figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2: Adding files from the Add Files to File List dialog box
(3) Change the output filename in the Output field, and then click the Integrate and
Load button to integrate the shot files and load the output file accordingly.
The importing steps explained above are illustrated in figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3: Importing files in the Geometry Assignment and Files Integration dialog box
Here, the example files have geometry assigned so you just need integrate the files.
In practice, shot files may not have geometry assigned so you have to define geometry before
integrating files. To learn on how to assign geometry in the Geometry Assignment and Files
Integration dialog box, see the relevant user guide in each application.
In addition, the Geometry Assignment and Files Integration dialog box looks similar in
each application but the details may vary. Refer to the relevant user guide for those details.

Chapter 4 – Displaying Seismic Data
All the applications in Geogiga Seismic Pro involve displaying seismic data. In this chapter,
you will learn how to change the settings of seismic display.
To explain the display settings in detail, this chapter uses Reflector with the uk_all.sgy file
under the <installdir>\sample\reflector directory.
In Reflector, open the file by clicking the Open Seismic command under the File menu, then,
launch the Trace Display dialog box by clicking the Settings command under the Display
menu.
To open a seismic file and launch the Trace Display dialog box in any other application, see
the relevant user guide.
In the Trace Display dialog box, the display settings are grouped under five tabs:
➢ Plot tab– Choose the plot type and change its relevant settings.
➢ Range tab – Select the display range of seismic data.
➢ Scale tab – Change the plotting scale to zoom in or zoom out the display.
➢ Annotation tab – Set the annotations of axes and title.
➢ Misc. tab – Choose how to plot trace graph and highlight records.
The following talks about the display options under these tabs.
Chapter 4 – Displaying Seismic Data 15

Plot
In the Trace Display dialog box, click the Plot tab.
Under the Plot tab as shown in figure 4-1, the main options include:
➢ Plot Type
➢ Display Gain
Figure 4-1:The Plot tab in the Trace Display dialog box

Plot Type
Two plot types are available as shown in figure 4-2: Wiggle and Color Density.
Figure 4-2: Displaying seismic data with different plot types
To select the plot type, click the Wiggle or the Color Density radio button.
When the Wiggle option is selected, you can:
➢ Change the scale type by selecting a name from the Scale Type drop-down list box
below the Wiggle radio button as shown in figure 4-3 and then clicking the Apply
button.
The scale types are grouped into global related and trace related types as illustrated
in figure 4-4 and 4-5.
The global related types, including Global Maximum, Global RMS, Global Average,
and Histogram, search the value of maximum, average, RMS, or histogram in the
full range of seismic data, and then plot the data by dividing the data values with this
value.
The trace related types include Trace Maximum, Trace RMS and Trace Average.
Unlike the global types, the trace related types get the value of maximum, average,
or RMS in the range of each trace and the plotting is trace-balanced.

➢ Change the number of traces to be overlapped by entering a value in the Clip field or
clicking the arrow button next to the field and then clicking the Apply button.
➢ Click the Positive or Negative check box to determine whether to fill the positive or
negative values with defined colors.
If the Positive option is selected, change the filled color by clicking the arrow button
or the color box next to the Positive check box and then clicking the Apply button.
If the Negative option is selected, define the filled color by clicking the arrow button
or the color box next to the Negative check box and then clicking the Apply button.
Figure 4-3: Selecting a scale type for data display as wiggles

Figure 4-4: Global related scale types for data display as wiggles
Figure 4-5: Trace related scale types for data display as wiggles
When the Color Density option is selected, you can:
➢ Change the scale type by selecting a name from the Scale Type drop-down list box
below the Color Density radio button as shown in figure 4-6 and then clicking the
Apply button.
The scale types, including Linear, Logarithm, Exponent, and Histogram are global
related as shown in figure 4-7.
➢ Select a colormap in the Colormap Selection dialog box by clicking the Colormap
button. In the dialog box as shown in figure 4-8, the predefined colormap can be
added, removed, selected, edited, reversed, and saved.

Figure 4-6: Choosing a scale type for data display as color density
Figure 4-7: Scale types for data display as color density

Figure 4-8: Selecting a colormap for the display of color density
Display Gain
The Display Gain is a scaling factor to increase or decrease the display amplitude.
To adjust the Display Gain, use the slide bar as shown in figure 4-9:
➢ Slide the bracket on the slide bar with the left mouse button and then release the left
mouse button. This is the common way to change the Display Gain.
➢ Click on the slide bar. Every time, the value is increased or decreased by 3 dB. Once
the ideal value is reached, click the Apply button.
See the effect of this parameter in figure 4-10.
Similar to the Scale Type, the Display Gain only affects the seismic display not the
seismic data. If you want to scale seismic data, please refer to the relevant user guide
in an application.
Unlike the the Scale Type whose selection depends on the Plot Type, the Display
Gain applies to all the plot types.

Figure 4-9: Adjusting Display Gain under the Plot tab
Figure 4-10: Displaying seismic data with different values of Display Gain

Range
In the Trace Display dialog box, click the Range tab.
Under the Range tab as shown in figure 4-11, the display data range includes:
➢ Trace – Start Trace, End Trace, and Trace Step.
The Trace Step is the number of traces skipped between two nearest plotted traces.
➢ Time – Start Time and End Time in milliseconds(ms).
For reference, the Sampling Interval is displayed in a non-editable field.
To change the display data range, enter a value in the relative field (for example, input 10 in
the Start field to plot seismic data from the 10th trace), and then click the Apply button.
By default, the full range of seismic data is plotted. At any time after changing the values, you
can reset them with default settings by clicking the Default button.
Figure 4-11: The Range tab in the Trace Display dialog box

Scale
In the Trace Display dialog box, click the Scale tab.
Under the Scale tab as shown in figure 4-12, define the plotting scales to autofit, zoom in or
zoom out the display of seismic data.
Figure 4-12:The Scale tab in the Trace Display dialog box
Autofit
Autofit means automatically plotting the full range of seismic data in the display window
without the scrollbar. The plotting fits the display widow in both horizontal and vertical
directions.
If you want to view seismic data in detail with the horizontal or vertical scrollbar, deselect
the Horizontally or Vertically check box, then manually input the Scale values in relevant
fields.

Scale Values
The Scale values include the horizontal and vertical settings. Depending on the Scale unit
which can be CM (centimeter) or Inch, the horizontal scale is named as Traces Per CM or
Traces Per Inch, while, the vertical scale is CMs Per Second or Inches Per Second.
Traces Per CM or Traces Per Inch represents the number of traces in 1-CM or 1-Inch
screen width. Because the screen size is described as pixels, the display space between
traces may become uneven in the plotting. To remove the pixel effect, select the Evenly
Display Traces check box. The effect is illustrated in figure 4-13.
CMs Per Second or Inches Per Second means the screen height in 1-second sampling
length. For example, if this value is set to 50 and the total sampling length is 0.4 seconds,
the screen height will be 20 centimeters or inches.
Figure 4-13: Comparison between uneven and even trace display
The Autofit and the Scale are most commonly used in the display of seismic data. For
convenience, two groups of buttons are added on the scrollbars in the display window as
shown in figure 4-14 to adjust the horizontal and vertical display scales.
Scaling Factors for Zoom Buttons
When you click any button as shown in figure 4-14, the Autofit option, the Scale value,
and the data plotting will be updated correspondingly. If the zoom in or zoom out button is
clicked, the horizontal or vertical display size will be multiplied or divided by the value of
Scaling Factors for Buttons on Scrollbar.
To change a scaling factor, input a value in the Horizontal or Vertical field under the Scale
tab and click the Apply button.

Figure 4-14: Zoom buttons on the scrollbars in the display window
In addition to the zoom buttons, the zoom shortcut keys are available in Reflector.
➢ To zoom in the display as shown in figure 4-15, hold down the Shift key while
dragging the left mouse button on seismic data.
➢ To fit the display window, hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the A key.
Figure 4-15: Zoom in the display with Shift + left mouse button

Gap Width
For a multi-record seismic data, the display between each record is separated by a blank
space, which is called the gap between gathers.
To change the Gap Width between Gathers, click the Traces or Pixels radio button, then
enter a value in the field next to the Pixels radio button, finally click the Apply button.
The effect of this value is shown in figure 4-16.
Figure 4-16: Display multi-record seismic data with or without a gap
Under the Scale tab, you have learned how to autofit, zoom in or zoom out the display of
seismic data. Next, you will discover the ways to annotate the display.

Annotation
In the Trace Display dialog box, click the Annotation tab.
Under the Annotation tab as shown in figure 4-17, the annotation settings include:
➢ Horizontal – Select the Group and Subset annotations.
➢ Vertical – Display and annotate the Timing Lines.
➢ Colorbar – Show data values represented by colors if the plot type is Color Density. To
toggle the visibility of colorbar, click the Colorbar check box and then click the Apply
button.
➢ Title – Enter a name for the survey line. To toggle the visibility of the title, click the Title
check box and then click the Apply button.
➢ Font – Customize fonts for annotations. To change fonts, click the Font button.
The following will explain the horizontal and vertical annotations in detail.
Figure 4-17:The Annotation tab in the Trace Display dialog box

Horizontal Annotation
The Horizontal annotation includes the Group and the Subset. Both display the header
information in seismic records. Normally, the Group is used to show the header information
about each record, while, the Subset is to give detailed headers within each record.
By default, only the Subset is annotated. To change the Subset annotations, select a
header name from the Subset list as shown in figure 4-18, and then click the Apply button.
The Group annotation is helpful, especially in Reflector. Click the Group check box to turn
on this option, and then select a header name from the drop-down list box next to the
Group check box.
Figure 4-18: Selecting subset annotations under the Annotation tab
Below the Subset list box, following options are available:
➢ Interval – The number of traces between two nearest Subset annotations.
To define the interval, deselect the Auto check box next to the Interval label and
then input a value in the field next to the Auto check box .

➢ Decimal Places – the decimal places for the Group and Subset annotations.
➢ Top, Bottom – the options to annotate at the top or bottom horizontal axis.
Vertical Annotation
The Vertical annotation has the following options:
➢ Timing Lines – Toggle the display of timing lines by clicking the Timing Lines
check box.
➢ Automatic – Choose to automatically calculate the Major and the Minor interval of
timing lines.
➢ Major, Minor – Define the interval between two nearest major or minor timing lines in
ms. To input a value in the Major or Minor field, first deselect the Automatic check
box above the Major field.
➢ Decimal Places – Specify the decimal places of the vertical annotation.
➢ Left, Right – Annotate the timing lines at the left or right vertical axis.

Miscellaneous Options
In the Trace Display dialog box, click the Misc. tab. Under the Misc. tab as shown in figure
4-19, the miscellaneous options include:
➢ Trace Graph – Select to plot a trace graph above the top horizontal annotations as
shown in figure 4-20 by clicking the Trace Graph check box.
If the Trace Graph option is turned on, you can:
(1) Select the type of trace graph by clicking the drop-down list box next to the
Type label as shown in figure 4-21.
(2) Plot the trace graph with a fixed range by turning on the Fixed Range option
and then entering values in the Lower and Upper fields.
(3) Define the height of trace graph in pixels by entering a value in the View Height
field or clicking the arrow button next to the field.
➢ Highlight – Choose whether to highlight the current record and trace by clicking the
Current Record and Current Trace check boxes.
Figure 4-19:The Misc. tab in the Trace Display dialog box

Figure 4-20: Displaying seismic data with a trace graph
Figure 4-21: Selecting the type of trace graph

Chapter 5 – Plotting Curves
Most of the applications in Geogiga Seismic Pro involve curves, for example, time-distance
curves, dispersion curves, and such. In this chapter, you will learn how to change the settings
of curve plotting.
To explain the plotting settings in detail, this chapter uses Refractor with the DEMO1_3.TX file
under the <installdir>\sample\refractor directory.
In Refractor, open the curve file by clicking the Open command under the File menu, then,
launch the Curve Display dialog box by clicking the Curve Display command under the TX
Curve menu.
To open a curve file and launch the Curve Display dialog box in any other application, see
the relevant user guide.
In the Curve Display dialog box, the plotting settings are grouped under two tabs:
➢ Geometry – Change the plotting settings related to axes and annotations.
➢ Properties – Define the style and color of grid lines, background color, and title.
The following talks about the plotting settings under these tabs.
Chapter 5 – Plotting Curves 33

Geometry
In the Curve Display dialog box, click the Geometry tab. Under the Geometry tab as shown
in figure 5-1, the settings are grouped by axes:
➢ X – horizontal axis
➢ Y – vertical axis
Figure 5-1: Geometry tab in the Curve Display dialog box
Under the X or Y, following options are available:
➢ Plotting Range – includes the Lower and the Upper.
The Lower, the starting coordinate on X or Y, corresponds with the left or the bottom of
the display window. The Upper, the ending coordinate on X or Y, consists with the right
or the top of the display window.
You can reverse the curve plotting by setting the Lower bigger than the Upper. To set
the Lower or the Upper, enter a value in the relevant field and click the Apply button.

➢ Plotting Size – involves the Scale and the Autofit.
The Scale defines the relative plotting size. For example, for a time - distance curve, a
scale of 100 on X represents the ratio of 1 centimeter to 100 meters, while, a scale of
100 on Y is the ratio of 1 centimeter to 100 milliseconds.
The Autofit fits the curve plotting in the display window in the X or Y direction.
To change the plotting scale, deselect the relevant Autofit check box, and then enter a
value in the relevant Scale field, finally click the Apply button. Another way to change
the scale is by holding down the Shift key while dragging the left mouse button on any
side of X or Y or at any corner as shown in figure 5-2. To cancel the change of scale,
click the Reset button at the bottom of the Curve Display dialog box.
Figure 5-2: Changing the plotting scale with Shift + left mouse button
➢ Gridlines – contains the Gridlines, the Major and the Minor.
The Major or Minor defines the distance between two nearest major or minor gridlines
on X or Y. The Minor is always smaller than the Major.
Click the relevant Gridlines check box to toggle the visibility of the Major and the Minor
gridlines in the X or Y direction.
To change the Major or the Minor interval, enter a value in the relevant field and click
the Apply button.

➢ Annotation – Gives options to annotate X at the Top or Bottom, and to annotate Y at
the Left or Right.
Toggle these options to update the annotations by clicking the relevant check boxes.
Under the Geometry tab, you have discovered the ways to change the plotting range, plotting
scale, gridlines, and annotations. Next, the other settings related to the curve plotting will be
discussed under the Properties tab.
Properties
In the Curve Display dialog box, click the Properties tab. Under the Properties tab as
shown in figure 5-3, following settings are available:
➢ Gridlines – Select the Style and Color to plot the Major or Minor gridlines.
The style includes Solid , Dash , and Dot . To change the style
of gridlines, select a style from the drop-down list box under the Style label.
To change the color of gridlines, click the button filled with the current color of Major or
Minor gridlines next to the Color label.
➢ Decimal Places – Set the decimal places of annotations on the X or Y axis by entering
a value in the X or Y field.
➢ Tick Mark – Specify the type of tick mark by clicking the Tick Mark combo box and
then selecting an option among the None, Inside, Outside, and Cross options from the
drop-down list.
➢ Foreground – Change the color of foreground by clicking the button filled with the
current foreground color next to the Foreground label.
➢ Background – Change the color of background color by clicking the button filled with
the current background color next to the Background label.
➢ Font – Define annotation fonts for the Axis and the Title. To change the annotation font,
click the Font button.
➢ Axis Title – Enter the title of X or Y axis in the X or Y field under the Axis Title label
and then click the Apply button.
➢ Title – Change the visibility of chart title by clicking the Chart Title check box. If the
Chart Title option is selected, input a name in the text field next to this check box and
then click the Apply button.
To toggle the visibility of axes as shown in figure 5-4, click the Full Window check box at the
bottom of the Curve Display dialog box.

Figure 5-3: Property tab in the Curve Display dialog box
Figure 5-4: Plotting curves with or without axes and annotations
In this chapter, you have learned how to adapt the curve plotting under the Geometry tab and
the Properties tab in the Curve Display dialog box. After getting familiar with all the related
settings, you can jump to any chapters described next.

Chapter 6 – Outputting Results
There are two common ways to output results:
➢ Print Image
➢ Save Image
You can also print seismic in Reflector and SF Imager using a printer.
This chapter first uses Surface to explain how to print and save the result as an image, and
then talks about how to print seismic in Reflector.
Chapter 6 – Outputting Results 38

Printing Image
To print an image in Surface, open the Print dialog box by clicking the Print command under
the File menu as shown in figure 6-1. In the Print dialog box,
(1) Select the plotting view to be printed from the View List.
(2) Define the Margins by entering values in the Left and Top fields, and then click the
Refresh button to update the plotting in the Preview area.
Here, the output image size depends on the image size in the display window. To fit
the output image in the page, change the scaling ratio in the Scale field, and then click
the Refresh button to update the plotting in the Preview area.
(3) Click the Printer Setup button to change the printer settings, such as the paper size,
layout, and number of copies.
(4) Click the OK button to print the image.
The plotting views in the View List will vary in different operations or in a different application,
however, the procedure to print an image is same.
Figure 6-1: Printing images from the Print dialog box

Saving Image
To save an image in Surface, open the Save Image dialog box by clicking the Save Image
command under the File menu as shown in figure 6-2. In the Save image dialog box:
(1) Select the plotting view to be saved from the View List.
(2) Click the Copy Screen or the Define Size radio button.
Here, the Copy Screen option is to save the image as the same size in the display
window. If you choose the Define Size option, the image size can be defined and
saved up to 3m L x 2m W.
(3) Enter a name in the File name field and click the Save button to save the image as
PNG or BMP format.
The plotting views in the View List will vary in different operations or in a different application,
however, the procedure to save an image is same.
Figure 6-2: Saving images from the Save Image dialog box

Printing Seismic
To print seismic in Reflector, open the Seismic Print dialog box by clicking the Print Seismic
command under the File menu as shown in figure 6-3. In the Seismic Print dialog box:
(1) Define the Scale by entering values in the Number of Traces/CM and CMS/second
text fields.
(2) Specify the Margins by entering values in the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom fields.
Afterwards, click the Refresh button to update the Preview window.
In the Preview window, the arrows shows the defined Margins, while, the light gray
area represents the printing range on a paper, and the dark gray area shows where to
print seismic.
The Preview window also gives you the information on how many pages are required.
When you enter a value in the Number of Traces/CM field and then click the Refresh
button, the number of pages will be updated accordingly.
(3) Click the Printer Setup button to change the printer settings,such as the paper size,
layout, and number of copies.
(4) Click the Print button to print seismic.
Figure 6-3: Printing seismic from the Seismic Print dialog box

Chapter 7 – Getting Started with Reflector
This chapter covers the following topics:
➢ What is Reflector
➢ Reflector Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Reflector
Reflector is the Seismic Reflection Data Processing Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It has
following main features:
➢ Gathers sorting
➢ Gain control
➢ Divergence correction
➢ Seismic data editing
➢ Field static correction
➢ Frequency scan
➢ Butterworth and Ormsby filters
➢ Time variant band pass filters
➢ F-K filter and Tau-p mapping
➢ Random noise attenuation
➢ Spiking deconvolution and predictive deconvolution
➢ Velocity analysis with semblance spectra and velocity scan
➢ NMO (normal moveout) correction and inverse NMO correction
➢ Residual static correction
➢ Time stack and depth stack
Chapter 7 – Getting Started with Reflector 42

➢ Post-stack migration
➢ Instantaneous attributes
➢ Time to depth conversion
These features are covered in detail in the Reflector User Guide.
Reflector Interface
The Reflector interface is shown in figure 7-1.
On the Title Bar, the seismic data filename is displayed.
On the Menu Bar, in addition to the common menus described in Chapter 1, following menus
are available:
➢ Edit menu – Contains commands to scale seismic data including gain control, trace
edit, and divergence correction.
➢ Filter menu – Contains commands that apply to filter noises, such as band-pass and
notch filters, time variant filter, F-K filter, Tau-p mapping, and random noise attenuation.
➢ Decon menu – Contains commands related to deconvolution including spiking decon

and predictive decon.
➢ VelAnalysis menu – Contains commands that apply to velocity analysis, such as the
semblance spectra, velocity scan, and location selection.
➢ NMO menu – Contains commands related to NMO and inverse NMO correction.
➢ Statics menu – Contains commands that apply to field static correction and residual
static correction.
➢ Stack menu – Contains commands to create stack and instantaneous attributes.
➢ Migration menu – Contains commands for post-stack migration.
➢ Section menu – Contains commands to display stack and velocity in a section.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands related to the display of seismic data including
display settings and shortcut keys.
In the Display Window, seismic data is plotted.

Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 7-1: The Reflector interface
Getting Started
To get started with Reflector, use the shear_50.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\reflector\
shear_wave directory with a simple processing flow given below:
(1) Input seismic data.
(2) Scale seismic data.
(3) Sort gathers in CMP order.
(4) Analyze velocities.
(5) Create time stack.
Inputting Seismic Data
To input seismic data:
(1) Launch the Open Seismic File dialog box by clicking the Open Seismic command
under the File menu as shown in figure 7-2.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\reflector\
shear_wave directory, then select the shear_50.sgy file, and finally click the OPEN
button.

Figure 7-2: Inputting seismic data
Scaling Seismic Data
There are several methods to scale seismic data. This example uses divergence correction
and gain control.
(1) To run divergence correction, click the Divergence Correction command under the
Edit menu.
The effect of divergence correction on the example data is shown in figure 7-3.
Before After
Figure 7-3: Effect of divergence correction on the example data

(2) To run gain control, open the Gain Control dialog box as shown in figure 7- 4 by
clicking the Gain command under the Edit menu. In the dialog box, select the Exp
and Power check boxes, and then click the Apply button.
The effect of gain control on the example data is shown in figure 7-5.
Figure 7-4: Selecting the options of scaling in the Gain Control dialog box
Before After
Figure 7-5: Effect of gain control on the example data

Sorting Gathers in CMP Order
Normally, velocity analysis is based on CMP gathers. To sort gathers in the CMP order:
(1) Click the Gather Sorting button arrow icon on the Toolbar, and a drop-down list
appears as shown in figure 7-6.
(2) From the drop-down list, select the Common Midpoint name.
Figure 7-6: Sorting gathers in CMP order
After sorting gathers in the CMP order, run velocity analysis.
Analyzing Velocities
To run velocity analysis with semblance spectra:
(1) Click the Semblance Spectra command under VelAnalysis menu, and then a
dialog box as shown in figure 7-7 appears. Afterwards, click the OK button to
launch the Select Velocity File Name dialog box.
Figure 7-7: The dialog box for inputting velocity file

(2) In the Select Velocity File Name dialog box as shown in figure 7-8, select the
shear_50.vel file and click the Open button to open the velocity file and launch
the Semblance Spectra dialog box.
Here, the shear_50.vel file contains velocities picked beforehand.
Figure 7-8: The Select Velocity File Name dialog box
(3) In the Semblance Spectra dialog box as shown in figure 7-9, click the OK button to
display the velocity analysis window.
Figure 7-9: The Semblance Spectra dialog box

(4) In the velocity analysis display window as shown in figure 7-10, from left to right are
velocity curves, semblance spectra, CMP gathers, NMO gathers, and composite
stack overlaid with velocities.
On the semblance spectra:
➢ To pick a velocity, double click the left mouse button, and a picking point
marked as a black square appears.
➢ To adjust a velocity, move the mouse cursor over a picking point, and then
drag the point.
➢ To delete a velocity, move the mouse cursor over a picking point, and then
double click the left mouse button.
In the example, you can skip these operations.
Picking Velocities
Figure 7-10: The velocity analysis window
(5) After picking velocities at a CMP location, click the Location Selection command
under the VelAnalysis menu to select another CMP location in the Location
Selection for Velocity Analysis dialog box as shown in figure 7-11, then repeat
the velocity picking.

Figure 7-11: The Location Selection for Velocity Analysis dialog box
Once velocity analysis is done, create a time stack with the velocities.
Creating Time Stack
To create a time stack:
(1) Open the Stack Settings dialog box as shown in figure 7-12 by clicking the Stack
command under the Stack Menu.
(2) In the Stack Settings dialog box, select the Mean option and then click the Apply
button.
Figure 7-12: The Stack Settings dialog box

What is Next
After going through the above steps, you have learned how to:
➢ Input seismic data.
➢ Scale seismic data.
➢ Sort gathers in CMP order.
➢ Pick velocities.
➢ Create time stack.
Next, test Reflector with your data. For detailed instructions, refer to Reflector User Guide.

Chapter 8 – Getting Started with SF Imager
➢ What is SF Imager
➢ SF Imager Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is SF Imager
SF Imager is Optimum Offset Reflection Data Processing Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro.
It handles the optimum offset reflection data and the GPR data. Its main features include:
➢ Gain control
➢ Trace editing
➢ Elevation correction
➢ First arrival alignment
➢ Frequency filtering
➢ Random noise attenuation
➢ Spiking deconvolution and predictive deconvolution
➢ Velocity picking or importing
➢ Migration
➢ Time to depth
➢ Instantaneous attributes
These features are covered in detail in the SF Imager User Guide.
SF Imager Interface
The SF Imager interface is shown in figure 8-1.
On the Title Bar, the seismic data filename is displayed.
Chapter 8 – Getting Started with SF Imager 52

are available:
➢ Edit menu – Contains commands to scale seismic data and define geometry.
➢ Filter menu – Contains commands to filter seismic data including the Butterworth or
Ormsby filters and random noise attenuation.
➢ Decon menu – Contains commands related to deconvolution including spiking decon

and predictive decon.
➢ Statics menu – Contains commands for elevation correction and first arrival alignment.
➢ Velocity menu – Contains commands to import or pick velocities.
➢ Imaging menu – Contains commands for migration and time to depth conversion.
➢ Attribute menu – Contains commands to create instantaneous attributes.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands related to the display of seismic data including
display settings and shortcut keys.
In the Display Window, seismic data is plotted.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 8-1:The SF Imager Interface

Getting Started
To get started with SF Imager, use the y1.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\sfimager
directory with a simple processing flow given below:
(2) Pick velocities.
(3) Migrate seismic data.
(1) Launch the Open Seismic File dialog box by clicking the Open Seismic command
under the File menu as shown in figure 8-2.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\sfimager
directory, then select the y1.sgy file, and finally click the Open button.

Picking Velocities
The velocities are picked based on diffraction curves. To pick velocities:
(1) Open the Pick Diffraction Curve dialog box by clicking the Pick command under
the Velocity menu as shown in figure 8-3.
(2) In the Pick Diffraction Curve dialog box, click the Load button to input the y1.dfc
file under the <installdir>\sample\sfimager directory.
Here, the y1.dfc file contains velocities picked beforehand. You can skip the picking
operations described below:
To pick a diffraction curve, click the Add button, and then click the left mouse
button on seismic data in the Display Window.
To adjust the position of a diffraction curve, select the curve and then drag the
middle control point of the curve.
To adjust the shape of a diffraction curve, select the curve and then drag the
start or end control point of the curve.
To delete a diffraction curve, select the curve and then click the Delete button.
To save diffraction curves in a text file, click the Save button.
Figure 8-3: Picking diffraction curves

Migrating Seismic Data
To migrate seismic data with picked velocities:
(1) Open the Migration Settings dialog box by clicking the Migrate command under
the Imaging menu as shown in figure 8-4.
(2) In the Migration Settings dialog box, click the Apply button.
Figure 8-4: Migrating seismic data with picked velocities
What is Next
➢ Pick velocities based on diffraction curves.
➢ Migrate seismic data.
Next, test SF Imager with your data. For detailed instructions, see the SF Imager User Guide.

Chapter 9 – Getting Started with Refractor
➢ What is Refractor
➢ Refractor Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Refractor
Refractor is the Seismic Refraction Data Processing Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It has
➢ Import seismic data
➢ Quickly assign geometry
➢ Gain control including AGC, trace balance, and time variant scaling
➢ Trigger delay correction
➢ Undo and redo multi-step operations on seismic data
➢ Automatically or manually pick first breaks
➢ Pick and verify first breaks with a trace magnifier
➢ Interactively assign first arrivals to layers
➢ QC intercept time dynamically
➢ Automatically or manually phantom time-distance curves
➢ Identify lateral velocity variation
➢ Interpret time-distance curves with the intercept time method, delay time method, ABC
method, and generalized reciprocal method(GRM)
➢ Generate geological section with editable lithologic symbols
These features are covered in detail in the Refractor User Guide.
Chapter 9 – Getting Started with Refractor 57

Refractor Interface
The Refractor interface is shown in figure 9-1.
On the Title Bar, the time-distance (TX) curve filename is shown. When you pick first breaks,
adjust picks, assign layers, or phantom TX curves, a “*” symbol will appear at the end of the
filename to remind you to save the file.
are available:
➢ Trace menu – Contains commands that apply to seismic data, such as frequency filter,
gain control, trigger delay correction, undo/redo, and geometry QC.
➢ Pick menu – Contains commands for picking settings, trace magnifier and trace overlay.
➢ TX Curve menu – Contains commands that apply to layer assignment, phantom, the
display of curves and TX curve options.
➢ Analysis menu – Contains commands to interpret TX curves including the GRM, Delay
Time, ABC, and Intercept Time method.
➢ Section menu – Contains commands to output results with color section, and export
results to DW Tomo as an initial model.
➢ Options menu – Contains shortcut commands for the display of curves such as the
background color, gridlines, and full window.
In the Display Window, from left to right are seismic data and TX curves.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 9-1: The Refractor interface

Getting Started
To get started with Refractor, use the rs4.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\refractor
(2) Pick first breaks.
(3) Assign layers.
(4) Phantom TX curves.
(5) Interpret with GRM.
(1) Launch the Open Seismic File dialog box by clicking the New command under the
File menu as shown in figure 9-2.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\refractor
directory, then select the rs4.sgy file and click the Open button to load seismic data
and create a TX curve file.
Next, pick first breaks on seismic data.
Figure 9-2: Loading seismic data to create a TX curve file

Picking First Breaks
To pick first breaks, simply click the left mouse button on a seismic trace or drag the left
mouse button over multiple traces.
After picking first breaks, you can adjust or delete picks.
To adjust a pick:
(1) Select a trace by pressing the right arrow key (→) or the left arrow key (← ) on the
keyboard or clicking the left mouse button on the trace.
(2) Move the mouse cursor over the picking line on the selected trace and then drag the
picking line vertically.
To adjust a pick more precisely, open the Trace Magnifier window by clicking the Trace
Magnifier command under the Pick menu as shown in figure 9-3. In the Trace Magnifier
window, drag the picking line vertically to adjust the pick.
To delete picks, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking the left mouse button on a selected
trace or hold down the Ctrl key while dragging the left mouse button over multiple traces.
To pick first breaks at a different shot record, click the Previous Shot or the Next Shot
command under the Pick menu, and repeat the above operations.
After picking first breaks at all seismic records, assign layers on TX curves.
Picking Line
Figure 9-3: Using the Trace Magnifier to adjust a pick

Assigning Layers
To assign layers:
(1) Open the Assign Layer and Phantom dialog box by clicking the Assign Layer &
Phantom command under the TX Curve menu.
(2) In the Assign Layer and Phantom dialog box as shown in figure 9-4, select the
Assign option, and then choose a layer number from the Layer List box.
(3) In the Display Window, choose a pick by clicking the left mouse button at a point
on a TX curve, and then,
➢ Assign multiple picks to the layer by dragging the left mouse button over the TX
curve from that point.
➢ Assign the pick to the layer by holding down the Ctrl key while clicking the left
mouse button at that point on the TX curve.
➢ Make the pick invalid (that is, assign it to the null layer) or valid by holding down
the Ctrl key while clicking the right mouse button at that point on the TX curve.
(4) Repeat step (2)~(3) to assign layers on all TX curves.
(5) Save the layer assignment in the TX curve file by clicking the Save command under
the File menu.
After layer assignment is done, phantom TX curves.
Figure 9-4: Assigning Layers

Phantoming TX curves
To phantom TX curves, open the Assign Layer and Phantom dialog box by clicking the
Assign Layer & Phantom command under the TX Curve menu. In the dialog box as
shown in figure 9-5:
(1) Select the Phantom option under the Layer Operation label.
(2) Choose a layer number from the Layer List box, and then click the Auto Phantom
button to automatically phantom TX curves based on the chosen layer.
(3) Repeat step (2) to to complete the automatic phantom on all layers.
To manually phantom TX curves, skip step (2)~(3), simply select a TX curve in the
Display Window and then hold down the Ctrl key while dragging the curve or
pressing the up arrow key (↑) or the down arrow key (↓) on the keyboard.
To adjust the phantom, select a TX curve in the Display Window and then press
the up arrow key (↑) or the down arrow key (↓) on the keyboard.
(4) Save the phantom in the TX curve file by by clicking the Save command under the
File menu
Figure 9-5: Phantoming TX curves
Finally, interpret TX curves with the GRM.

Interpreting with GRM
To interpret with the GRM, open the Interpretation Settings dialog box by clicking the
GRM/Delay Time/ABC command under the Analysis menu. In the dialog box as shown in
figure 9-6:
(1) Select the GRM option.
(2) Turn on the Extrapolate option.
(3) Choose the GRM Approximate option.
(4) Specify the optimum XY value for layer 3 by entering 35 in the cell at the 3 row
under In Use column in the Optimum XY Analysis table.
(5) Click the Apply button.
Figure 9-6: Interpreting with the GRM

What is Next
➢ Pick first breaks.
➢ Assign layers.
➢ Phantom TX curves.
➢ Interpret with GRM.
Next, test Refractor with your data. Refer to the Refractor User Guide for detailed instructions.

Chapter 10 – Getting Started with DW Tomo
➢ What is DW Tomo
➢ DW Tomo Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is DW Tomo
DW Tomo is the Refraction Tomography Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It has following
main features:
➢ Interactively pick first breaks
➢ Use different approaches to build initial model
➢ Robust grid ray tracing
➢ Regularized iterative inversion
➢ Interactively control the tomography procedure
➢ QC the picked and calculated first arrivals directly on seismic traces
➢ Simultaneously update the display of first breaks and ray paths
➢ Analyze fitting errors
➢ Review the inverted model in each iteration
These features are covered in detail in the DW Tomo User Guide.
Chapter 10 – Getting Started with DW Tomo 65

DW Tomo Interface
The DW Tomo interface is shown in figure 10-1.
On the Title Bar, the traveltime (TT) curve filename is displayed. When you pick or adjust
first breaks, a “*” symbol will appear at the end of the filename to remind you to save the file.
are available:
➢ Pick menu – Contains commands for picking settings and trace magnifier.
➢ Tomography menu – Contains commands related to refraction tomography including

initial model, settings, start/stop/pause/review, error analysis, and export.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands for display settings that apply to seismic data,
curves, ray paths, and result image.
In the Display Window, seismic data, TT curves, and model image can be viewed at the
same time as shown in figure 10-1.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 10-1: The DW Tomo interface

Getting Started
To get started with DW Tomo, use the demo.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\dwtomo
(3) Build initial model.
(4) Run tomography.
(5) Review results.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\dwtomo
directory, then select the demo.sgy file, and finally click the Open button to load
seismic data and create a TT curve file.
Figure 10-2: Loading seismic data to create a TT curve file

To adjust a pick:
Picking Line
Figure 10-3: Using the Trace Magnifier to adjust a pick

command under the Pick menu, and repeat the picking operations.
After picking first breaks at all seismic records, start to build an initial model.
Building Initial Model
To build an initial model:
(1) Open the Initial Model Build dialog box by clicking the Initial Model command
under the Tomography menu as shown in figure 10-4.
(2) In the Initial Model Build dialog box,
Enter 120 in the Maximum Depth field, then turn on the Gradient Model option,
and type following values in the Depth ~ Velocity table:
0,1000
120, 500
Finally click the Apply button to complete the initial model definition.
Figure 10-4: Building an initial gradient model

Running Tomography
To run tomography after building an initial model:
(1) Open the Tomography Settings dialog box by clicking the Start command under
the Tomography menu as shown in figure 10-5.
(2) In the Tomography Settings dialog box, click the Start button.
Here, all default parameters are used. For information about these parameters, see
the DW Tomo User Guide.
During the run, you can pause / resume or stop the inversion by clicking the Pause or
the Stop command under the Tomography menu.
Figure 10-5: Starting tomography

Reviewing Results
To review results after the tomography is done:
(1) Open the Tomo Review dialog box by clicking the Review command under the
Tomography menu as shown in figure 10-6.
(2) In the Tomo Review dialog box, click the name in the Tomo Iteration list box.
Figure 10-5: Reviewing tomography results
What is Next
➢ Load seismic data.
➢ Build initial model.
➢ Run tomography.
➢ Review results.
Next, test DW Tomo with your data. Refer to the DW Tomo User Guide for further instructions.

Chapter 11 – Getting Started with Surface and Surface Plus
➢ What is Surface and Surface Plus
➢ Surface and Surface Plus Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Surface and Surface Plus

Surface is the Surface Wave Data Processing Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro to analyze
active surface waves with SASW and MASW. Its main features include:
➢ Noise mute in time domain
➢ High-resolution spectrum calculation in the F-K, F-V , and F-P domain
➢ Spectral analysis
➢ Dispersion curve picking
➢ Genetic algorithm (GA) inversion method
➢ Interactive control on the inversion procedure
➢ 2D or 3D spectrum display
➢ Color section filled with contours and editable lithologic symbols
Surface Plus is the Advanced Surface Wave Data Processing Software to handle both active
and passive surface waves. In addition to all the features provided in Surface, it contains the
following advanced features:
➢ Interactive geometry definition with any shape of layout
➢ Azimuth analysis
➢ SPAC and ESPAC method
➢ Spectrum combination
These features are covered in detail in the Surface and Surface Plus User Guide.
Chapter 11 – Getting Started with Surface and Surface Plus 72

Surface and Surface Plus Interface
The Surface and Surface Plus have similar interfaces as shown in figure 11-1.
On the Title Bar, the dispersion (FV) curve filename is displayed.
are available:
➢ Trace menu – Contains commands that relate to seismic data, such as geometry QC ,
trace display, and velocity test.
➢ Dispersion menu – Contains commands that relate to dispersion spectrum, such as

spectrum calculation, spectrum display, dispersion curve picking, etc.
In Surface Plus, time segmentation, SPAC function analysis, azimuth analysis, and
spectrum combination are included under the Dispersion menu.
➢ Inversion menu – Contains commands to specify inverse settings, define initial model,
and start or stop inversion.
➢ Section menu – Contains commands to plot the velocity curves and color section.
➢ Curve menu – Contains commands to plot a bunch of curves together.
The Display Window varies with the operation states. For example, in the picking state, the
window displays seismic data, depth velocity (DV) curve, and dispersion spectra overlaid with
dispersion (FV) curve as shown in figure 11-1.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 11-1: The Surface and Surface Plus interface

Getting Started
To get started with Surface, use the wm_active.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\surface
directory with a basic processing flow given below:
(2) Pick dispersion curves.
(3) Run the inversion of dispersion curves.
(4) Plot the velocity color section.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\surface
directory, then select the wm_active.sgy file, and finally click the Open button to
input the seismic data file and create a FV curve file as well.
Next, generate the dispersion curve.
Figure 11-2: Inputting seismic data and creating a FV curve file

Picking Dispersion Curves
To pick a dispersion curve after loading seismic data:
(1) Switch to the picking status by clicking the Pick command under the Trace menu.
(2) Open the Dispersion Analysis dialog box by clicking the Settings command under
the Dispersion menu as shown in figure 11-3.
In the dialog box, choose the Velocity domain and then enter 500 in the relevant
Maximum field, and finally click the Apply button.
Figure 11-3: Setting analysis parameters in the Dispersion Analysis dialog box
(3) Calculate dispersion spectra by clicking the Calculate Spectrum command under
the Dispersion menu.
(4) Pick the dispersion curve by clicking the left mouse button along the peaks on the
dispersion spectra.
When you pick a dispersion curve, the corresponding velocity depth curve is plotted
in the Display Window as shown in figure 11-4.

After picking a dispersion curve on the dispersion spectra, you can:
➢ Adjust a pick by moving the mouse cursor over a pick and then dragging the pick.
➢ Delete a pick by moving the mouse cursor over a pick and then clicking the right
mouse button on the pick.
To pick a dispersion curve at another shot location, click the Previous or Next button
icon on the Toolbar as shown in figure 11-4, and then repeat step(3) ~(4).
Choose Shot Number
Velocity Depth Curve

Pick Dispersion Curve
Figure 11-4: Picking a dispersion curve
Inverting Dispersion Curves
To run the inversion after picking dispersion curves:
(1) Click the Select command under the Inversion menu, and then the FV Curve for
Inversion dialog box appears as shown in figure 11-5.
(2) In the FV Curve for Inversion dialog box, select a shot number from the FV Curve
List box and then click the OK button. The Display Window is accordingly updated
as shown in figure 11-6.

Figure 11-5: Opening the FV Curve for Inversion dialog box
(3) Click the Auto Build Initial Model command under Inversion menu to build an
initial model automatically, then modify the model in the Model sub window as
shown in figure 11-6:
➢ Insert a layer by clicking the left mouse button while holding down the Ctrl key.
➢ Adjust a layer velocity by moving the mouse cursor over a vertical blue line and
then dragging it horizontally.
➢ Adjust a layer depth by moving the mouse cursor over a horizontal blue line and
then dragging it vertically.
➢ Delete a layer by moving the mouse cursor over a vertical blue line and then
clicking the left mouse button while holding down the Ctrl key.
(4) Click the Start button icon on the Toolbar to start the inversion.
To stop the inversion, click the Stop button icon on the Toolbar. To set the optimum
model obtained from the previous max iteration as the initial model, click the Reset
button icon on the Toolbar. Once the inversion is completed, click the Apply button
icon on the Toolbar to save the optimum model in the FV curve file.
These button icons are shown in figure 11-6.

Control Inversion
Define Initial Model
Figure 11-6: Building initial model and controlling inversion
(5) Repeat step(2) ~(4) to finish the inversion of all dispersion curves.
Next, plot the velocity color section.
Plotting Velocity Color Section
To plot velocity color section, click the Color Section command under the Section menu.
By default, the color section shows the results directly from dispersion curves. To plot the
velocity color section with the inverted model:
(1) Open the Section Gridding dialog box by clicking the Grid command under the
Section menu as shown in figure 11-7.
(2) In the Section Gridding dialog box, select the Model option and then click the
Apply button.

Figure 11-7: Plotting color section from inverted model
What is Next
➢ Pick dispersion curves.
➢ Run the inversion of dispersion curves.
➢ Plot velocity color section.
Next, test Surface or Surface Plus with your data. Please see the Surface and Surface Plus
User Guide for detailed instructions.

Chapter 12 – Getting Started with Microtremor
➢ What is Microtremor
➢ Microtremor Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Microtremor
Microtremor is the Microtremor Observation Analysis Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro to get
the predominant period and frequency of a site from the ground motions. It has following main
features:
➢ QC time segments
➢ Analyze amplitude or power spectrum
➢ Display H/V ratio
➢ Output predominant period and frequency
These features are covered in detail in the Microtremor User Guide.
Chapter 12 – Getting Started with Microtremor 80

Microtremor Interface
The Microtremor interface as shown in figure 12-1 has four parts:
➢ Title Bar – shows the seismic data filename.
➢ Seismic Display Window – plots seismic data.
➢ Command Panel – contains all the commands and shows amplitude spectrum curves.
➢ Status Bar – shows information related to commands, seismic data, and curves.
Tttle Bar
Command Panel
Seismic Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 12-1:The Microtremor interface

Getting Started
To get started with Microtremor, use the st1.sg2 file under the <installdir>\sample\microtremor
(2) Analyze amplitude spectrum.
(3) Output results.
(1) Launch the Open Seismic File dialog box by clicking the Open button as shown in
figure 12-2.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box,
Navigate to the <installdir>\sample\microtremor directory, then select the st1.sg2

file, and finally click the Open button to load seismic data.

Analyzing Amplitude Spectrum
To analyze the amplitude spectrum after loading seismic data:
(1) Set the Spectrum Analysis parameters including the Samples/ Window, the Max
Frequency, and the Taper.
Here, use the default values of parameters. To learn about these parameters, see
the Microtremor User Guide.
(2) Click the Apply button as shown in figure 12-3. Afterwards, the Spectra of Time
Windows, the Average Spectrum, the maximum amplitude, the predominant
period and frequency are shown in the Command Panel.
Figure 12-3: Analyzing amplitude spectrum

Outputting Results
To output the maximum amplitude, the predominant period and frequency in a text file,
click the Save Results button as shown in figure 12-4.
Figure 12-4: Outputting results
What is Next
➢ Analyze amplitude spectrum.
➢ Output results.
Next, test Microtremor with your data. Please refer to the Microtremor User Guide for detailed
instructions.

Chapter 13 – Getting Started with XW Tomo
➢ What is XW Tomo
➢ XW Tomo Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is XW Tomo
XW Tomo is the Crosswell Tomography Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It has following
main features:
➢ Interactively pick first breaks
➢ Use different approaches to build initial model
➢ Robust grid ray tracing
➢ Regularized iterative inversion
➢ Interactively control the tomography procedure
➢ QC the picked and calculated first arrivals directly on seismic traces
➢ Simultaneously update the display of first breaks and ray paths
➢ Analyze fitting errors
➢ Review the inverted model in each iteration
These features are covered in detail in the XW Tomo User Guide.
Chapter 13 – Getting Started with XW Tomo 85

XW Tomo Interface
The XW Tomo interface is shown in figure 13-1.
are available:
➢ Tomography menu – Contains commands related to tomography including settings,

start/stop/pause/review, and error analysis.
curves, ray paths, and result image.
Here, most commands under the File menu apply to the TT curve file.
In the Display Window, from left to right are seismic data, TT curves, and model image
overlaid with ray paths.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 13-1: The XW Tomo interface

Getting Started
To get started with XW Tomo, use the deep.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\xwtomo
(3) Build an initial model.
(4) Run tomography.
(5) Review results.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\xwtomo
directory, then select the deep.sgy file, and finally click the Open button to load
Figure 13-2: Inputting seismic data and creating a TT curve file

To adjust a pick:
Picking Line
Figure 13-3: Using the Trace Magnifier to adjust a first break pick

command under the Pick menu, and repeat the picking operations.
After picking first breaks at all seismic shot records, start to build an initial model.
(1) Open the Initial Model Build dialog box by clicking the Initial Model command
(2) In the Initial Model Build dialog box, select the Average option under the Initial
Model Type label and click the Apply button to complete the definition.
Figure 13-4: Building an initial homogeneous model

Running Tomography
(1) Open the Tomography Settings dialog box as shown in figure 13-5 by clicking the
Start command under the Tomography menu.
Here, use the parameter default values. For information about these parameters,
see the XW Tomo User Guide.
When running tomography, you can pause or stop the inversion by clicking the Pause
or the Stop command under the Tomography menu.
Figure 13-5: Starting tomography

Reviewing Results
To review results after the tomography is completed:
(1) Open the Tomo Review dialog box by clicking the Review command under the
Tomography menu.
(2) In the Tomo Review dialog box as shown in figure 13-6, click the iteration name
from the list box to review the result after each iteration.
Figure 13-6: Reviewing results at each iteration
What is Next
➢ Run tomography.
➢ Review results.
Next, test XW Tomo with your data. For detailed instructions, see the XW Tomo User Guide.

Chapter 14 – Getting Started with VSP
➢ What is VSP
➢ VSP Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is VSP
VSP is the Vertical Seismic Profiling Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro, which can handle the
zero-offset and the offset VSP survey. Its main features are given below:
➢ Multi-step undo and redo on seismic data
➢ First break picking
➢ Interval velocity and average velocity
➢ Static time shifting
➢ F-K filter or median filter to separate downgoing and upgoing waves
➢ Deconvolution
➢ Corridor stack and VSP-CDP mapping
These features are covered in detail in the VSP User Guide.
VSP Interface
The VSP interface is shown in figure 14-1.
Chapter 14 – Getting Started with VSP 92

are available:
gain control, undo/redo, and geometry definition.
➢ Pick menu – Contains commands to pick first breaks, calculate velocities, and QC picks
with the static time shifting.
➢ Separation menu – Contains commands to separate downgoing and upgoing waves.
➢ Decon menu – Contains commands for spike deconvolution.
➢ Stack menu – Contains commands that create corridor stack and VSP-CDP mapping.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands to set the trace display and the curve display,
change the window visibility, and define line colors for curve plotting.
In the Display Window, from left to right are raw seismic data, downgoing waves, upgoing
waves, stack, and curves including TT curve and velocity curves.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 14-1: The VSP interface

Getting Started
To get started with VSP, use the P15.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\vsp directory with a
simple processing flow given below:
(3) Separate downgoing and upgoing waves.
(4) Build corridor stack.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\vsp
directory, then select the p15.sgy file, and finally click the Open button to load
Figure 14-2: Inputting seismic data and creating a TT curve file

To pick first breaks:
(1) Switch to the picking state by clicking the Picking State command under the Pick
menu.
(2) Click the left mouse button on a seismic trace or drag the left mouse button over
multiple traces in the Raw seismic data view.
To adjust a pick:
(2) Move the mouse cursor over the picking line on the selected trace and then drag
the picking line vertically.
Magnifier button icon on the Toolbar as shown in figure 14-3. In the Trace Magnifier
window, drag the red picking line vertically to adjust the pick.
Picking Line

Separating Downgoing and Upgoing Waves
To separate downgoing and upgoing waves with F-K filter:
(1) Open the F-K Filter dialog box by clicking the F-K command under the Separation
menu as shown in figure 14-4.
(2) In the F-K Filter dialog box, select the Above option, then define the upgoing range
by clicking the left mouse button on the F- K spectrum, and finally click the Apply
button to separate downgoing and upgoing waves.
To adjust the defined range, select a control point on the F-K spectrum and drag it.
To delete a control point, move the mouse cursor over the point and click the right
mouse button.
To cancel the defined range, click the Clear button.
Figure 14-4: Separating downgoing and upgoing waves with F-K filter

Building Corridor Stack
To build corridor stack, open the Corridor Stack dialog box by clicking the Corridor Stack
command under the Stack menu. In the dialog box as shown in figure 14-5:
(3) Click the Define Corridor button. Then, the corridor is plotted on the flattened up-
going waves. To define the corridor width, enter a value in the Corridor Width field,
or drag the green line on the flattened upgoing waves in the Upgoing view.
(4) Click the Apply button to create a corridor stack.
Figure 14-5: Creating a corridor stack
What is Next
(3) Separate downgoing and upgoing waves.
(4) Build corridor stack.
Now, test VSP with your data. For detailed instructions, refer to the VSP User Guide.

Chapter 15 – Getting Started with PS Log
➢ What is PS Log
➢ PS Log Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is PS Log
PS Log is the Well Velocity Survey Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It provides following
main features:
➢ Undo/redo multi-step operations on seismic data
➢ Simultaneously display P and S wave at all depths
➢ Interactively pick the first break of P and S waves
➢ Automatically or manually assign a layer
➢ Calculate interval velocity, average velocity, and Poisson's ratio
➢ Display and output result table
These features are covered in detail in the PS Log User Guide.
Chapter 15 – Getting Started with PS Log 98

PS Log Interface
The PS Log interface is shown in figure 15-1.
On the Title Bar, the traveltime (TT) curve filename is displayed. When the first break picks or
velocities are changed, a “*” symbol will appear at the end of the filename to remind you to
save the TT curve file.
are available:
gain control, undo/redo, and geometry definition.
➢ Analysis menu – Contains commands to pick first breaks, calculate velocities, and
output result table.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands to set the trace display and the curve display,
change the channel visibility, and define line colors for curve plotting.
In the Display Window, seismic data are displayed on the left, while, TT curve, velocity
curves, and Poisson's ratio curve are plotted on the right.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 15-1:The PS Log interface

Getting Started
To get started with PS Log, use the p1-15.sgy file under the <installdir>\sample\pslog
directory with a basic processing flow given below:
(3) Calculate velocities.
(4) Output result table.
(2) In the Open Seismic File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\pslog di-
rectory, then select the p1-15.sgy file, and finally click the Open button to load seis-
mic data and create a TT curve file.
Figure 15-2: Loading seismic data to create a TT curve file

To adjust a pick:
Magnifier button icon on the Toolbar as shown in figure 15-3. In the Trace Magnifier
Picking Line

Calculating Velocities
To calculate the interval and average velocities after picking picking first breaks:
(1) Open the Velocity Settings dialog box by clicking the Velocity command under the
Analysis menu as shown in figure 15-4.
(2) In the Velocity Settings dialog box, select the Automatically Assign option and
choose the Vertical Travel Time name. Afterwards, the interval and the average
velocities are automatically updated in the curve display window.
To manually assign a layer, select the Manually Assign option, and then click the
right mouse button at a depth on the TT Curve or on a seismic trace.
A layer can be manually assigned based on the regression line. For details, refer to
the PS Log User Guide.
Figure 15-4: Selecting the options to calculate velocities

Outputting Result Table
To output results in a table:
(1) Launch the Result Table dialog box by clicking the Result Table command under
the Analysis menu as shown in figure 15-5.
(2) In the Result Table dialog box, click the File Name button to open the Export PS
Result dialog box, where you specify a filename and then click the Save button.
The results are saved in a file with the text format.
Figure 15-5: Outputting results in a table

What is Next
➢ Calculate velocities.
➢ Output result table.
Next, test PS Log with your data. For detailed instructions, refer to the PS Log User Guide.

Chapter 16 – Getting Started with Seismapper
➢ What is Seismapper
➢ Seismapper Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Seismapper
Seismapper is the Data Mapping Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It provides following main
features:
➢ Group data in a survey area with a project
➢ Automatically join the adjacent velocity sections
➢ Plot velocity sections or seismic stacks in 2D section and 3D fence
➢ Display velocity sections with colors, contours, and editable lithologic symbols
➢ View seismic stacks with wiggle or color density
➢ Rotate and pan 3D fence with mouse
➢ Show the animation of 3D fence
➢ Plot section map and select any sections to be displayed
➢ Print and save data images
➢ Support the XZV text format, SEG-2, SEG-Y, and other data formats
These features are covered in detail in the Seismapper User Guide.
Chapter 16 – Getting Started with Seismapper 105

Seismapper Interface
The Seismapper interface is shown in figure 16-1.
On the Title Bar, the project filename is displayed.
are available:
➢ View menu – Contains commands to switch the view of 2D section and 3D fence, select
sections to be viewed, zoom in or zoom out the 3D fence.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands to set the display of 2D section and 3D fence, and
animate the 3D fence.
In the Display Window, velocity sections or seismic stacks are displayed.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 16-1: The Seismapper interface

Getting Started
To get started with Seismapper, use the ln5.prj file under the <installdir>\sample\seismapper
directory with a basic flow given below:
(1) Load a project.
(2) Select sections to be displayed.
(3) Switch to the 2D view.
Loading a Project
To load a project:
(1) Launch the Load dialog box by clicking the Open command under the File menu
as shown in figure 16-2.
(2) In the Load dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\seismapper directory,

then select the ln5.prj file, and finally click the Open button to load the project and
plot the relevant velocity sections in 3D fence as shown in figure 16-3.
Figure 16-2: Loading a project

Figure 16-3: Displaying velocity sections in 3D fence
Selecting Sections
To select sections to be displayed:
(1) Open the Section Map dialog box by clicking the Select command under the View
menu as shown in figure 16-4.
(2) In the Section Map dialog box, select sections by clicking the left mouse button on
the corresponding filenames listed in the table while holding down the Ctrl or Shift
key, then click the Apply button to plot the chosen sections.
Figure 16-4: Selecting sections to be displayed

Switching View
To switch the view from 3D fence to 2D section, click the 2D section command under the
View menu as shown in figure 16-5.
Figure 16-5: Switching the view to 2D section
What is Next
➢ Load a project.
➢ Select sections to be displayed.
➢ Switch the view from 3D fence to 2D section.
Next, test Seismapper with your data. For instructions on how to create a project, refer to the
Seismapper User Guide.

Chapter 17 – Getting Started with EFit
➢ What is EFit
➢ EFit Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is EFit
EFIT is the Interactive Event Fitting Tool to show synthetic refraction and reflection curves on
top of seismic record from a user given model. It provides following main features:
➢ Check geometry.
➢ Correct trigger delay, filter and scale seismic data with the support of Undo and Redo.
➢ Load velocity model from a text file.
➢ Calculate and show synthetic reflection and refraction curves based on input model.
➢ Interactively fit the model to the first arrivals and any reflectors
These features are covered in detail in the EFit User Guide.
EFit Interface
The EFit interface is shown in figure 17-1.
On the Title Bar, the velocity model filename is displayed.
are available:
➢ Trace menu – Contains commands to check geometry, correct trigger delay, filter and
scale seismic data, undo or redo the changes.
➢ Velocity menu – Contains commands to input, edit, and plot velocity model.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands to set the display of seismic data, the view of
curves, and the plotting of velocity model.
Chapter 17 – Getting Started with EFit 110

In the Display Window, velocity model and seismic data overlaid with synthetic event curves
are displayed.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 17-1: The EFit interface
Getting Started
To get started with EFit, use the 110.sg2 and 110.vml files under the <installdir>\sample\efit
(1) Load seismic data and velocity model.
(2) Fit velocity model to first arrivals.
(3) Save velocity model.

Loading Seismic Data and Velocity Model
To load seismic data and velocity model, launch the Open Seismic File dialog box by
clicking the Open command under the File menu as shown in figure 17-2. In the Open
Seismic File dialog box:
(1) Navigate to the <installdir>\sample\efit directory.
(2) Select the 110.sg2 file, and then the Velocity Model field shows the velocity file
110.vml. To relocate the velocity file, click the Browse button.
(3) Click the Open button to load seismic data and velocity model.
Figure 17-2: Loading seismic data and velocity model
Fitting Velocity Model to First Arrivals
The velocity model is plotted as a velocity-depth curve in a dockable window as shown in

figure 17-3. On the velocity-depth curve, interactively fit velocity model to first arrivals and
any reflectors with following operations:
➢ Insert a layer by clicking the left mouse button while holding down the Ctrl key.
➢ Delete a layer by moving the mouse cursor over a vertical red line and then clicking the
left mouse button while holding down the Ctrl key.
➢ Adjust a layer velocity by moving the mouse cursor over a vertical red line and then
dragging it horizontally.

➢ Adjust a layer depth by moving the mouse cursor over a horizontal red line and then
dragging it vertically.
Adjust depth
Adjust velocity
Figure 17-3: Interactively fitting velocity model to first arrivals
Saving Velocity Model
To save velocity model after adjusting it, click the Save Velocity Model or Save Velocity
Model As command under the File menu.
What is Next
➢ Load seismic data and velocity model.
➢ Fit velocity model to first arrivals.
➢ Save velocity model.
Next, test EFit with your data. For detailed instructions, refer to the EFit User Guide.

Chapter 18 – Getting Started with DW Tomo3D
➢ What is DW Tomo3D
➢ DW Tomo3D Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is DW Tomo3D
DW Tomo3D is the 3D Refraction Tomography Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. Following
are some of its main features:
➢ Load all shots.
➢ Quickly check and assign geometry.
➢ Allow variable surface.
➢ Filter and scale seismic data with the support of Undo /Redo.
➢ Simultaneously auto-pick first breaks on all records.
➢ Automatically build initial model.
➢ Use robust grid ray tracing and regularized iterative inversion with constraints.
➢ QC the picked and calculated first arrivals directly on seismic traces.
➢ Interactively pause or resume the procedure during tomography.
➢ Visually analyze fitting errors and review the results in each iteration.
These features are covered in detail in the DW Tomo3D User Guide.
DW Tomo3D Interface
The DW Tomo3D interface is shown in figure 18-1.
Chapter 18 – Getting Started with DW Tomo3D 114

are available:
gain control, undo/redo, and geometry QC.
➢ Tomography menu – Contains commands related to refraction tomography including

initial model, settings, start/stop/pause/review, and fitting error QC.
curves, and result image.
In the Display Window, seismic data, TT curves, and model image can be viewed at the
same time as shown in figure 18-1.
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 18-1: The DW Tomo3D interface

Getting Started
To get started with DW Tomo3D, use the picks file demo.ttx under the <installdir>\sample\dw-
tomo3d directory with a simple processing flow given below:
(1) Load first break picks.
(2) Build an initial model.
(3) Run tomography.
Loading First Break Picks
To load first break picks,
(1) Launch the Open TT Curve File dialog box by clicking the Open command under
the File menu as shown in figure 18-2.
(2) In the Open TT Curve File dialog box, navigate to the <installdir>\sample\dwto-
mo3d directory, then select the demo.ttx file,and finally click the Open button to
load the first break picks.
Figure 18-2: Loading first break picks

(1) Open the Build Initial Model dialog box by clicking the Initial Model command
(2) In the Build Initial Model dialog box, click the Build button to automatically build
the initial model with default settings.
To learn about these settings, refer to the the DW Tomo3D User Guide.
Figure 18-3: Building initial model
Running Tomography
(1) Open the Tomography Settings dialog box by clicking the Start command under
the Tomography menu as shown in figure 18-4.

Here, leave all parameters in the Tomography Settings dialog box as default. For
information about these parameters, see the DW Tomo3D User Guide.
During the run, you can pause / resume or stop the inversion by clicking the Pause or
the Stop command under the Tomography menu.
Figure 18-4: Starting 3D refraction tomography
What is Next
➢ Load first break picks.
➢ Run tomography.
Next, test DW Tomo3D with your data. Please refer to the DW Tomo3D User Guide for further
instructions.

Chapter 19 – Getting Started with Surface3D
➢ What is Surface3D
➢ Surface3D Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Surface3D
Surfac3D is the Surface Wave 3D Mapping Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. It provides the
➢ Group data in a survey area with a project
➢ Show curve browser and define data locations
➢ Select a data location and plot the relative curve
➢ Build and display 3D data volume
➢ Rotate and pan 3D image with mouse
These features are covered in detail in the Surface3D User Guide.
Surface3D Interface
The Surface3D interface is shown in figure 19-1.
On the Title Bar, the project filename is displayed.
are available:
➢ Volume menu – Contains commands to build 3D volume and show the curve browser.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands to set the display of 3D volume.
In the Display Window, curve browser and 3D volume are displayed.
Chapter 19 – Getting Started with Surface3D 119

Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 19-1: The Surface3D interface
Getting Started
To get started with Surface3D, use the demo.prj file under the <installdir>\sample\surfacd3d
(1) Load a project.
(2) Build 3D volume.
Loading a Project
To load a project:
(1) Launch the Open FV Curve or Project File dialog box by clicking the Open
command under the File menu as shown in figure 19-2.

(2) In the Open FV Curve or Project File dialog box , navigate to the <installdir>\
sample\surface3d directory, then select the demo.prj file, and finally click the Open
button to load the project and plot the survey locations.
Figure 19-2: Loading a project
Building 3D Volume
To build 3D volume after loading a project:
(1) Open the Build 3D Volume dialog box by clicking the Build command under the
Volume menu as shown in figure 19-3.
(2) In the Build 3D Volume dialog box, leave all parameters as defaults and just click
the Build button to create a 3D volume as shown in figure 19-4.
For details about these parameters, refer to the Surface3D User Guide.
After building the 3D volume, drag the left mouse button over the image while:
➢ holding down the Alt key to zoom in or zoom out the image.
➢ holding down the Ctrl key to adjust the view of image.
➢ holding down the Shift key to change the plotting position.

Figure 19-3: Building 3D volume
Figure 19-4: Showing 3D volume

What is Next
➢ Load a project.
➢ Build 3D volume.
Next, test Surface3D with your data. For instructions on how to create a project, refer to the
Surface3D User Guide.

Chapter 20 – Getting Started with Modeling
➢ What is Modeling
➢ Modeling Interface
➢ Getting Started
➢ What is Next
What is Modeling
Modeling is the 1-D Seismic Modeling Software in Geogiga Seismic Pro. Following are some
of its main features:
➢ Model fundamental and high-mode surface waves
➢ Generate reflected and refracted waves
➢ Simulate air waves
➢ Plot fundamental and high-mode dispersion curves
➢ Display time-distance curves
Modeling Interface
The Modeling interface is shown in figure 20-1.
On the Title Bar, the generated seismic data filename is displayed.
are available:
➢ Modeling menu – Contains commands to input velocity model and choose options to
generate synthetic seismic data.
➢ Display menu – Contains commands to set the display of seismic data, velocity model,
time-distance and dispersion curves.
In the Display Window, velocity model, seismic data, time-distance and dispersion curves
are displayed.
Chapter 20 – Getting Started with Modeling 124

Title Bar
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Display Window
Status Bar
Figure 20-1: The Modeling interface
Getting Started
To get started with Modeling, use the vmodel.txt file under the <installdir>\sample\modeling
(1) Load a velocity model.
(2) Generate synthetic seismic data.
Loading a Velocity Model
To load a velocity model:
(1) Open the Model Definition dialog box by clicking the Model Definition command
under the Modeling menu as shown in figure 20-2.

(2) In the Model Definition dialog box , click the Load button, and then navigate to the
<installdir>\ sample\modeling directory and select the vmodel.txt file. Afterwards, the
velocity model is loaded in the Model table.
Figure 20-2: Loading a velocity model
Generating Synthetic Seismic Data
To generate synthetic seismic data after loading a velocity model:
(1) In the Model Definition dialog box, click the Apply button as shown in figure 20-3,
and the synthetic seismic data is generated with default settings.
(2) To change the default settings in generating seismic data, open the Settings dialog
box by clicking the Settings command under the Modeling menu.
(3) In the Settings dialog box as shown in figure 20-4, choose the wave type and
change the corresponding parameters, then click the Apply button to update the
seismic data.
(4) Save synthetic seismic data in a file by clicking the Save Seismic or Save Seismic
As command under the File menu.

Figure 20-3: Generating synthetic seismic data with default settings
Figure 20-4: Changing the settings in generating synthetic seismic data

What is Next
After going through the above steps, you have learned how to load a layered velocity model
and generate synthetic seismic data with defined settings.
Next, test Modeling with your velocity model. For details, refer to the Modeling User Guide.

Getting Started With Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Getting Started With Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Getting Started

Copyright © 2018. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1 – Introducing Geogiga Seismic Pro.......................................................................3

Chapter 2 – Updating License................................................................................................9

Chapter 3 – Importing Seismic Data.....................................................................................12

Chapter 4 – Displaying Seismic Data...................................................................................15

Chapter 5 – Plotting Curves..................................................................................................33

Chapter 6 – Outputting Results............................................................................................38

Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 i

Chapter 7 – Getting Started with Reflector...........................................................................42

Chapter 8 – Getting Started with SF Imager........................................................................52

Chapter 9 – Getting Started with Refractor.........................................................................57

Chapter 10 – Getting Started with DW Tomo.......................................................................65

Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 ii

Chapter 12 – Getting Started with Microtremor....................................................................80

Chapter 13 – Getting Started with XW Tomo........................................................................85

Chapter 14 – Getting Started with VSP................................................................................92

Chapter 15 – Getting Started with PS Log...........................................................................98

Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 iii

Chapter 16 – Getting Started with Seismapper..................................................................105

Chapter 17 – Getting Started with EFit...............................................................................110

Chapter 18 – Getting Started with DW Tomo3D.................................................................114

Chapter 19 – Getting Started with Surface3D....................................................................119

Chapter 20 – Getting Started with Modeling......................................................................124

Getting Started with Geogiga Seismic Pro 9.0 iv

➢ Handle the full range of seismic data processing in near-surface geophysics.

➢ Improve the efficiency of data analysis.

➢ Ensure the quality of results.

Conventions Used in this Guide

➢ Bold – Represents keystrokes, menu items, window names, or fields.

➢ Courier – Denotes the text to enter.

Where to Find Information

➢ Chapter 2 demonstrates the procedure of updating the license.

➢ Chapter 3 describes how to import seismic data.

➢ Chapter 4 discusses the display of seismic data.

➢ Chapter 6 shows how to output results.

Telephone: 1-403-451 4886

➢ The title of the documentation you are referring to

➢ The version of the application you are using

➢ Your name, company name, and phone number

Please send us your comments at sales@geogiga.com.

➢ What is Geogiga Seismic Pro

➢ Advantages of Geogiga Seismic Pro

➢ Installing Geogiga Seismic Pro

➢ Starting Geogiga Seismic Pro

➢ Settings in Geogiga Seismic Pro

What is Geogiga Seismic Pro

➢ Seismapper – Data mapping software to plot velocity sections or seismic stacks in 2D

➢ Modeling – 1-D seismic modeling software to generate synthetic reflection, refraction,

➢ Modeling2D – Full wavefield modeling software for complex velocity model.

Chapter 1 – Introducing Geogiga Seismic Pro 3

➢ DW Tomo – Refraction tomography software to estimate a complex velocity structure

➢ DW Tomo3D – 3D refraction tomography software to derive a 3D velocity structure

➢ Microtremor – Microtremor observation analysis software to get the predominant period

➢ Surface RT – Real-time processing software for passive surface wave data.

➢ XW Tomo – Crosswell tomography software to estimate the velocities between wells

Chapter 1 – Introducing Geogiga Seismic Pro 4

➢ Innovative techniques. Many innovative developments are made in the mathematical

➢ Full-featured software package adapted to shallow geophysics. Most of the processing

Installing Geogiga Seismic Pro

The minimum system requirements are listed as follows:

➢ RAM – 128MB (256MB or above recommended)

➢ Hard disk space – 300MB