Review of electrical motor operation

It an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, Most electric motors

operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to
generate force.

Duty cycle

A duty cycle or power cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active. Duty cycle
is commonly expressed as a percentage or a ratio. A period is the time it takes for a signal to complete
an on-and-off cycle. As a formula, a duty cycle (%) may be expressed as:

D= Ton/T x 100%

Equally, a duty cycle (ratio) may be expressed as:

D= Ton/T
where D is the duty cycle, Ton is the pulse width (pulse active time), and T is the total period of the signal.
Thus, a 60% duty cycle means the signal is on 60% of the time but off 40% of the time. The "on time" for
a 60% duty cycle could be a fraction of a second, a day, or even a week, depending on the length of the
period.

Factors governing selection of motors

The characteristics of motors vary widely with the nature of their application and the type of duty they
are expected to perform. For example, the applications like constant speed, constant torque, variable
speed, continuous/intermittent duty, steep/sudden starts, frequent start/stops, etc. should be taken
into consideration carefully when deciding for the type of a motor for that specific application.

Following factors should be considered while selecting a drive for particular application:

Nature of electric supply

Whether supply available is A.C. (single phase or three phase) or D.C. (pure D.C. or rectified A.C.)to be
utilized for motor.

Nature of the drive

Whether motor is to drive individual machine or a group of machines.

Nature of load

Whether the load requires light or heavy starting torque.

Whether load torque increases with speed or remains constant.
Whether load has heavy inertia, which may required long starting time.