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0 INTRODUCCIÓN AL CSOUND

0.1 ¿Qué es?


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csound ejemplo.orc ejemplo.sco


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test

0.2 ¿Cómo conseguirlo? y ¿dónde documentarse?


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0.3 Estructura de los ficheros de orquestas


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0.3.1 Cabecera
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V'S@y_S;Y dM ‹ykY4axSbU YRV'X'MXd:Y'QU0YEQ*Xd:]:U Xf@ŒBS aYoŽYZy;qd:S9
sr = 44100
kr = 4410
ksmps = 10
nchnls = 1 ; w'‘E’K'“Š ”0•–:'‘ — ˜-™ 
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0.3.2 Definición de instrumentos


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U Y4†\]5M]:V']:ƒMc…]:YMYEq7Xa?YZM[\]:‚'XU X;qS aU SQqX@d:X'^axX0QRa?Y'Q*Y a\…XU X0Ql ¿ À;Q*YZj T]:U0S1U Y4džM0‹Fy_Y a?S1ˆT7YbQ*Y8d:Y
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]5MQ\[\a\TFy_YZM[\SQ'fËRMkY*YZybq7d-S;U Y}U Y †\]zM]:V']:ƒM;y;T‡iQ`]zy;qd:Y¡Q`Y4axe-X;¶oV'ƒ0U ]5jSb†oT7YM[\Y¾‡_Y'Q*ˆ@TYZy_XEjax{†\]:V'S ¼

instr 1
a1 oscil 10000 , 440 , 1
out a1
endin

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[ etiqueta: ] salida opcode argumentos [ ; comentarios ]
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out
M#L nL-U,ToVAGpK0H#UU,LNq#G=R LU8nH=XbH6G=JA_W#XbLNMrVsHtU^uav
outs Qml
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0.3.3 Tipos de variables


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nH"MYR G e WLm[#G=J<\ GrM`UcW:U3[tG"R H0JcL-Urv’G n WG VAJ<H@VATikamp H#U e WL9iphs
VsH=XbGM6a1,gv
[#G=R HJ<LU8nH"MYR GU,T_WT LNMrVsLfSAJ<L n WLNM#nT.G“
l

2”5:• “W#M#G@[#L Ž5U,~R.H#y(n WGM#KHYU^LfnH"M#SAT_WJcG5R G5HJ e WLUAVAG5G"RTM#T nT HKLfR G5nH"X6iT R G=nT ~"M`gLUay(LaM
• JcL G"R.T KG=K#ytW#M#G5G0U^T_M#G=nT ~"M6_tR H"dG=R(iL JAXbGM#LNMrVsL u


2”b
D• “W#M#G@[#L Ž@G=R(iJ<TM#nTiT HKLfnG"K0G‹MtHVAG6gL-U8KL nT.J,y#LNMUcWTMtT nT G=R T ŽG=nT ~"M#u


2”6=• “rW#M#G@[#L ŽhLNMbnG=KG5ToVAL J<G=nT ~"MYKL R#d(WnR LfKLfnH"M=VAJ<HR:gAU,LN_0–(MYR G5SAJcL n WLNM#nT G5KLfnH"M=VAJ<HR u


2”6• “W#M#G@[#L ŽŠiG=JcG5nG=KG@X6WL-UsVAJ<G5KL@U,H"MtT KHp_tLNM#L JcG=KGgAU,LN_–#MbR.GpSAJ<L n WLaM#nT G5KL
• X6WLUAVAJ<L Hu

‰R3iJ<L SAT €,H


D• TM#KT.nG—W#MŒ[#G"R.HJ5LU,nG"R.G"J@[#}=R T K0HLNMŒL R˜XYH"XbLaM=VAHZKLbR GITMtT nT G=R T ŽG=nT ~"MŒKLbnG=KG1M#HVAG  R HtU
iJcL SAT €,H#U =• H • TM#KT.nGrMy:J<LUciL naVAT[#GXbLaM=VALyW#Mb[#G"R.HJ8KLhnH"M=VAJcH0R?gjW(ML-U,nG"R G=J<u3H6W#M#G5X6WLUAVAJ<G6KL@GWKT H
gjW#MI[#L naVsH0J  LUfKL nT J‚yW(M]G=JcJ<G KL@[#G=R HJ<LU,u<yXbHK0T SAT nG=KH J<L SAL J<LNMtnT G"K0H1nH"MrVsTMWGrXYLNM=VAL5GbR HR G"JA_#HKL
R G5L€‚L n WnT ~"M`gLU8KL nT J,y#LNMYnG"Kl G@iL J<\ HK0H6KLX6WL-UsVAJ<L H5XbT Lal M=VAJcG0U8L RTMUAVAJsW#XbLaM=VAH6L-UsVAkfG"naVAT[tHuav
FH#UmG=JA_W#XbLNMrVsHtUmnGX6dT GMKLŠ[#G=R H0J8G6R.GUSAJcL n WLNM#nT G0U8iJ<L SAT €,G"K0GU8iHJUcWU3VATiH#UvFG0UŠU,G=R T KG0U8KL
nG=KG ‚2”C U,L™nG=R n WR GrMšKL™R G›XYTDUcXbG›XYGrM#L JcG e WL K0GrMšKTDUciH"M#TdR L-UœiG"J<GUcWžWU,HŸnH"XbH
G=Js_W#XYLNM=VAH#U@KLLNM=VAJ<G"KGbiG"J<Gn WG=R e WT L JXb~K"WR HvFG`[#G=l R T K0L ŽbKLLUAVAH#U@G"JA_W#XbLaM=VAH#UŠ[#T LNMtLpK0L SATM#T.KGbKL
R GU,T_WT LaM=VALmXYGrM#L JcG“
  ¡pnH"MYL R(iJ<L SAT €‚H :• U,H"M6_tR H"dG"R.LU8GfVAHKG5R G5HJ e WLUAVAG [#}=R T KHtU8KLU,KLfL R#iJ<TM#nTiT.H:v
l
¢¡pnH"MYL R(iJ<L SAT €‚H
D• U,L J<}rM[#}=R T KH#U9LNMbL RTM(UsVAGM=VALŠK0LŠTMtT nT G=R T ŽG=nT ~"MbK0LmW#M#G@M#HVAGv
E ¡pnH"MYL R(iJ<L SAT €‚H =• U,L J<}MbG=nnLU,TdR L-U&VsGM=VAH6nH=XbHp[tG"R H0JcL-U8KLŠnH=M=VAJcHRnH"XbHKLfTM#T nT G=R T ŽG=nT ~"Mv
£¡pnH"MYL R(iJ<L SAT €‚H • KLadLaMU,L J&[#L naVAHJ<LUgG=JcJ<G U8KLŠL R LNXYLNM=VAH#U,uav
l
¤#¡pnH"MYL R(iJ<L SAT €‚H@¥ • i#WL KLaMU,L J&[#L naVAHJ<LU8H6L-U,nG"R G=J<LUgL RnH"X6iT R.G"KH0J3K0TDUAVsTM_WT J<}"uav
¦8HK0H#UŠR H#UfG"JA_W#XbLaM=VAH#UayG6M#H]U,L J e WLU,L5LUciL nT SAT e WLpK0LpH-VsJ<G6XbGM#L JcG0yi#WL K0LNM—U^L JLN|#iJcL-U,T H"M#L-U
n W H#UZJcL-U‚WRoVAG=KH#UZU,T_#GM„R G0UILUciL nT SAT n-G"nT H=M#LUIGM=VAL J<T HJ<LUv8FG§XYG HJc\.G¨KLŒR H#U ‚28Ct  gnH"XYH¨iHJ
L€‚LNl X6iR HZ© ª.«¬« ª.© umi#WL K0LNMPU,L JŠWU,G=KH#UpLaMZXb}0UpKL6W#M#GSAHJAXbG0l yxKL,VAL JsXYTM#G=KG`iHJfL R?iJ<L SAT €,HIKLR G
P
l #
­ N
® ¯
[#G=JcT.GrdR LZLNM°R G e WLŒU,LZG"RXYG"nLaM#G±R G²U,G=R T KGvwWL K0LNM³U^L J6W0VsT.R T ŽG=KH#U`iG=JcG_#LaM#L J<G=JU^Laq#G=R LU1K0L{GWKT H
g e WL9VsLaM#KJ<}rMYLNM=VAH"MtnLU3iJcL SAT €,H • u´HbU,LNqtG"R L-U8KLfnH"M=VAJcH0R:g e WL9VsLaM#KJ<}rMiJcL SAT €,H =• uav

0.4 Estructura de los ficheros de partituras


µ M¶SAT n ·#L JcH¸K0L¨iG"JVAToVWJ<G¸U,L'K0T[#T K0L'LNM¹U,L nnT.H"M#LU±U,LaiG=J<G"KG0U{iHJIW#M#GºU^LaM=VALNM#nT.G…K0L¨SATM»KL
Š
U,L nnT ~=My&O g WL5iH"M#L6GnL J<HIR Gn WLNMrVsGKLhVsT.LNX6iH#UŠiG=JcGR G]U^T_WT LNM=VALYU^L nnT ~"M#u SATM#G=R T ŽGbnH"MW#M#G
s e
U,LNM=VALaM#nT GO Q v=¼_WG"R e WLŠLaMbR G5HJ e WLUAVAG0y(nG=KGU^LaM=VALNM#nT.G6U,LfLUciL nT SAT.nGpLaM6W#M#G5R \MtL G5 l KTDUAVATM=VAGv
eQ
‰&M±L R9SAT n ·#L JcHŒKL`iG=JVAToVWJ<G—d}0U,T nGXbLNMrVsL]U,L`i#WL K0LNM±LaM#nH"M=VAJ<G"J5KHtU@VsTiHtUpKLbLa[#LNM=VAH#U“M#HVAG0U
nH"MUAVAJAWnnT.~"MŸKLºVAGrdR G0U†KL¶H"M#KG0Uv`½‹GrXYH#U†G‡[#L J'iJcTXbL J<H™LUAVAG‡nR G0U,T SAT nG=nT ~"M Xb}0U…G=KL R GM=VAl L
l
KL-U^nJ<TdT J<LNXYH#U8R H#U8KTUsVATMrVsHtU&VsTiHtU8KL@U,LaM=VALNM#nT.GU e WLhU,Lmi#WL KLaMbLaM#nH"M=VAJ<G"JLNMYLUAVAH#U8SAT n ·#L JcHtUrv

0.4.1 Tablas de ondas


F GU'VAGdR.GU†KL¶H"M#K0GU¸U,L¸_#LNMtL J<GrMƒXbL K0T GrMrVsL¶JAWVATMtGU†¾5‰?¿y e WL¹U^H=M›W0VAT R T ŽG=KG0U…iH0J'R G0U

U,LNM=VALaM#nT G0U6O iG"J<GInH"M(UsVAJAWT J G"RXbG=nLNM#G=J@R G0UŠVAGdR GUv:FGUfVAGrdR G0UpL-UsVA}MŒKTDUciH"M#TdR L-UpGR HIR G=Js_tHIKL
VAHKGbR GbL€,L n WfnQ T ~=MIKL5R GbH0J e WL-UsVAG l i#WL KLaMZU,L JTM[#HnG=KG0UŠLNM]n WG"R e WT.L J8TMUAVsGM=VAL@KLhR GpiG=JVAToVWJcG5iG"J<G
KL nT JcR.LbG1W#MZTMUAVAJsW#XYLNM=VAH e WLR GUŠl W0VAT R T.nLpiG"J<Gb_#LNM#L JcG=JhU^Laq#G=R LUv‰&MZSW#M#nT ~=MZKL6R.G1¾5‰?¿›WVAT R.T ŽG"K0GIU,L

 "!# $&%'()#*,+ -.#/0 123  45  6879 :)<;= ?>1
- 4@#*,A  4@B:
DC E

 

MN4O'N'P*QSRUT@V?WYX QZP[RUQ5M\R[T]O'T\MRUQ:X0T@X^X N;_TV`W'abNcRUV`dP8e@fNCP*NbN'P*O'V`Qhg7NMiPjN_T@V?T@X0dPk_7d0VkN,Pc_TO'Q:dP'l7mBd VnNpo*Na;_q:dr


q:T]P*NsMRUNsMO'Q:TYt f 1 0 16 10 1 uEv NMN V?T@V?W;fMT8RUT\gq:TbO'dMRUNsMQ:NMX dxw4yza;fN'PURUV?T PkX0NIfMC_N V?Q:d X dCX N
fMT8d@MX T{P*Q5M f9P*d Q:X0T@qUl|T PVUf0R[QhMT P} B~ P*NN V?W\M€O'd@M;a€W PX0N*RUT@q-q:NkNMbq:T{P*N O'O'Q-@M  lS‚
l

0.4.2 Notas
| T PEMd'RUT P{P*d@MƒNsNMRUdP v NMN V?TX dPkabN4X Q:T'MRUN;Q5MFP[RUVUfO'O'Q:d@MN,P„t i u l  PUR[T0PkMd'RUT0P†…T@O'NMƒP*d@MTVkq:dP
Q5MPURUVUfFa€NsMRUdPnX N8q:Tbd V?e@fN'PURUT;‡Yq:N,Pˆ_T P*T'MC_7TV?W\a€N*RUV`dPkX N8O'd@MRUV?d qB‰ŠN VabW0PˆT'gT`ocd ‹O'd@abdbŒUV?N O fNsMO'Q:T Pr
T'a;_q:QSRpfX N'PrRUQ:Nsa{_7dPkX N8T RUTe@fN'r7Q5gV?T RUdr
N*RUOlR[V?dPˆ_TV`W'abNcRUV`dPnŒpfFMX T\a€NsMRUTq:N'PX NEq-T PMd'RUT0PkP*d@MCq:dP
e@fNŽR[Q-NsMNMbe@fNN VO'd@M€N q RUQ:Na;_d O f7W'MX0d;Nsa{_Q:N 'T8T{P*d@MTVfMTEMd,R[TE‡€X@fV`T'MRUNkO fW'MRUdERUQ:Na;_d
l

0.4.3 Campos p (p-fields)


|dP J #6"232 P*d@Mƒq:dPE_T@V?W\a€N*RUV?dP„ef7NCP*NbN,PjO'V?Q5gNsMƒTYO'dMRUQ5M fT@O'Q-@MƒX NbO'T@X0T^P*NsMRUNsMO'Q:TYX N{q:T
_T@VRUQSRpfV`Tƒ‰UP*Ns_TV`TX dP„_d V8N'P`_TO'Q:dP*‹l  P`f9PITq:d V?N'P{P*NbT@O'O'N4X NbNsMƒq:TYd0V`e@fN,P[RUT1a€N X Q-T\MRUN;fM^Md@a{g7V?N
ŒUd VUabTX d„_d V‘fMT{t _ u ‡bN qM ’abN4V`d{X N qd V?X NsM€X NkT'_T@V?Q:O'Q:MbX NnQ:'e@fQ:N4V`X T8T8X N4V`N4O …T8NsMbq-TI_TVpRUQSRpfV?T
opcode p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 ...
“ f7T'MX dCfFM”Q5MPURUV[fabNMRUdYNsM”N q‘ŒUQ:O …N V?dYX N{d V`ef7N,PUR[TCV?N O'Q5gTbfFMTbd V`X0NsM]X N'P*X N8q:T;_TVpRUQSRpfV`TbV?N O'Qhg7Q-V`Wbq:dP
Tq:d V?N'PbX NYN,P[RUdPbO'T'a;_dP;abN X0Q:T\M\R[N]N'PURUdP„Md@a{gV`N,P\l “ TX T c2J'% N,P`_7N4V`TYfM•M0’Fa€N V?d•X NcRUN VUabQ5MTX d
X N_T@V?W\a€N*RUV?dP'lF–Q
P*NkN,P*O'V`Q5gNM;abW0PX Nnq:dP3MN O'N'P*TV`Q-dP3MdERUQ:NMNsM€N ŒUN4OR[d9l
— M˜_fMRUd™O'dabdT@q-d VbX NYfM J #6"2C2 Q5MX Q:O'Te@fNY_T@V?Tq:TQ5MPURUVUf7O'O'Q-@M˜X0NšN,P*Tq:›5MN4TX Q:O …d
O'T'a;_dERUd@a€T„N4qFa€QKP`abd„T@q:d0V3X0N q J #6"2Ž2 O'd V?V`N,P`_7dMX Q:NMRUNkX Nnq:T{P*NsMRUNMO'Q:T8T\M\R[N4V`Q-d V l
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i 1 0 2 90 200
i 1 2 . . 300
i 1 4 . . 400
— MŸP*Q Mdt'  QhMX Q:O'T¡e@fN¢P*N˜Q5MRUN4V[_d q:N£NsMRUV?N˜q:dP•Tq:d V?N'PP`f_7N4V`Q-d V^N™Q5MŒUN ?V Q:d VY_T@V?T¢X Q:O …d
v u
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i 1 0 2 90 200
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m¥TV?TbN qBO'T\a{_7db_¦1O'T'gNEq:T8_7dPjQhgQ:q:Q:X TXbX NEef7NIPcfCTq:d V§PjN4T;q:T{T@O fa{f7q-T@O'Q:MCX NEq:dP_¦z‡b_9¨bX N
q:T8Q5MPURUVUf7O'O'Q-@MbT'MRUN V?Q:d V‘abN4X Q:T'MRUNˆfM€O'T@V?WOR[N4VŽt\© u l  q7No*Nsa{_q:d;T'MRUN V?Q:d VŽP*Nˆ_fN X0NkN,PjO'V?Q5gQ:VO'd@a€d
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i 1 + . . 400

0.5 Sentencias de partitura

0.5.1 Sentencias “f”


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_¦ RUQ:Nsa{_d;TE_T@VRUQ:VX N qO fT@qq:TnR[T'gq:T8N'PURUT@V?W8X QKP`_d@MQ5gq:N†‰pNsM€N'P*Nabd@a€NsMRUdbP*NnO'V`N4T@‹
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_ L^ M ’abN4V`d{X NnV[f0RUQ5MT8} B~ X N v NsMN4V`TO'Q:@Mžl
_  r  ≥ ‚ P`fbf9Pjd{X Ns_NMX NnX Nnq:T8V[f0RUQ5MT8} B~ f RUQ:q-Q:'T@X0T7l
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f1 0 16 10 1

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h5i?jkX ^6SG"Ige#I6lO"[<mn_J,MA[<G6cJb#O=V G=o
p O_[Ne0MATI#O_h5i?jYX ^_q#JPI#J [\O_rAG0[NnsOLcJ@G=I#cO6SG=n6l#eJLAMAOL
lGV.O L\e#n_O c0JuG"I#cO0LvL,TIeL,GT c0O"V J-LvL,Tn6lV J-LtS e(wxOL
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SG"I‚V OƒL,JRI=MAJPI#ST O„OQI=MAJ [\T G0['V Gƒ…"eJ†L,J~‡#O"SJ|JLˆq#JRI#J [<O"[Ye#I
lJ [<€ GcG`cJKe#I#OYG"I#c0O`LfTIeLfG0T cO=VAo p O‰[\JRl[\J-LfJRI=MAO"ST.Š"IYq#[<m"rAT SO
cJ`V O`MAOQWV O'w†V.O‹S e[Ab#Oˆq#JRI#J [<O=cO~L,J}l#eJ cJYG"WL,J [Ab#O=[KJPI|V O
rATqe[<OKcJgV O1c0J [<J S ‡#Ooi&b#T cJRI=MAJPnsJPI=MAJ-UŒSG"I‰L,ŠV GX a1b#O=V G[<JL@V O
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b#O=V G[<JLSG"n_GYX ^”#•U(lG0[8Jz‘’JPn6lV GxU(lJ [<G_OL,€?L,T [Ab#JlO"[<O6T.VeLNMA[<O"[
J V#l[\GSJ-L,G:o

0.5.2 Sentencias “i”


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TILAMA[Ae(nsJPI=MAG‘\eLAMNG`OI=MAJL1cJ‰L\e~TIxT ST O=V T “O=ST Š"IU8w`lJ [NnsOQIxJ SJPI`b#m=V T cGxL1c"e[\OI=MAJ_MAGcOL\e'O=SRMATb#O=ST Š"I?o
p G#L8C 4ž2Ÿ2ˆcJ JLAMAOgL,JPI=MAJPIxST OgLfG=I?¡
l9X5¡¢I£#n_J [\GgcJ VTILAMA[Ne#nsJPI=MAGgTIb#GSO=cGgJPI_V.O¤G0[\…"eJ-LNMAOg¥zcJ V8XO=V”^#^x¦
l”{¡§MAT JPnglG6JPIsJ VS eO=V:L,J‡#O=SJV.O¤V.V OQnsO"c0O¨lO=[\O5JRn6lJ “O=[O¤J-LAMNO=[O"SRMATbxG
l©K¡§MAT JPnglG6c"e[<OQI=MAJ J VS eO=VJLAMAO"[<m5O"SRMATb#Gs¥AL,JHnsT cJ JPI5MAT JRn6lG#L3ª_I#G-MNO0L3I#JRq#[\O0L3ª¦
l •{¡5L\e_e0MNT.V T cO=c6cJRlJPI#cJ cJ V(eL,G6…"eJZL,JV J c« JPIsJ VTILAMN[Ae#n_JRI=MAG6TIbxGSO"c0G

¬ ;=4ž28D­ O"SJZL,G"I#O=[3J VTI(LNMA[Ae#n_JPIQMNG‰XcJL,cJZ]‰^6c"e[\OI=MAJ •5MNT.JPn6lG#Lo
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72 dB » ampdb(72) = 4000 90 dB » ampdb(90) = 32000
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Nota Hz 8ª + semitono MIDI observaciones


DO–2 8,176 3.00 0 la nota más baja posible en MIDI
DO3 261,626 8.00 60 El DO central del piano
LA3 440 8.09 69 El LA de referencia
SOL8 12 543 13.07 127 la nota más alta posible en MIDI

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0.5.3 Sentencias “t”


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0.6 Rutinas GEN


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0.7 Generadores de señales periódicas


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0.10 Efectos
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0.11 Otros opcodes


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