12/07/2016, 339435453.xls p.

FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS

PER ASME B31.3-2006, APPENDIX D ● US Customary Units (inch, psi)
TABLE D300 SI Metric Units (mm, kPa)
Client: Description: Prepared By Date Rev.
x x x 2/16/2008 0
Customer No.: Item No.: x x 1
x x x x 2
Owner No.: Dwg. No.: x x x 3
x x x x 4
A Input: Select size and thickness using
dropdowns, and enter values in cells
Welding elbow or pipe bend T shown in red.
r2 Results: Validity of input and
[ Notes (2), (4) - (7) ] calculated flexibility factors and stress
intensification factors.
R1
Outside diameter of matching pipe NPS 28 (DN 700)
Do = 711.2 mm
Nominal wall thickness of matching pipe Sch 40S per ASME B36.19M Tn = 9.525 mm
Additional thickness (mechanical, corrosion, erosion) c= 0.1250 mm
Factor of bend radius of elbow or pipe bend (i.e., 1.5Do, 1.0Do, etc.) x= 1.5
Design pressure P= 100.0 kPa(g)
Modulus of Elasticity E= 2.7.E+07 kPa
Number of ends flanged flgs = 0
Bend radius of elbow or pipe bend (1.5Do = 1066.8 , 1.0Do = 711.2 ) R1 = 1066.8 mm
Mean radius of matching pipe r2 = 350.900 mm
Design thickness of pipe T= 9.400 mm
Flexibility characteristic, h = T * R1 / r12 h= 0.081
Correction factor for flange/s on bend c1 = 1.00
Flexibility factor, k = 1.65 / h k= 20.26
Stress intensification factor, Out-of-Plane, io = 0.75 / h2/3 io = 3.99 3.99
Stress intensification factor, In-Plane, ii = 0.9 / h 2/3
ii = 4.79 4.79
k with pressure affect = kp = k / [1+6(P/E)(r2/T) 7/3
(R1/r2) 1/3
] kp = 17.62
io with pressure affect = iop = io / [1+3.25(P/E)(r2/T) 5/2
(R1/r2) ] 2/3
iop = 3.29 3.29
ii with pressure affect = iip = ii / [1+3.25(P/E)(r2/T) 5/2
(R1/r2) ] 2/3
iip = 3.94 3.94
ASME B31.3
APPENDIX D

TABLE D300
FLEXIBILITY FACTOR, k AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTOR, i
NOTES:
(1) Stress intensification and flexibility factor data in Table D300 are for use in the absence of more directly
applicable data (see para. 319.3.6). Their validity has been demonstrated for D/ T <= 100.
(2) The flexibility factor k in the Table applies to bending in any plane. The flexibility factors k and stress
intensification factors i shall not be less than unity; factors for torsion equal unity. Both factors apply over
the effective arc length (shown by heavy center lines in the sketches) for curved and miter bends, and to the
intersection point for tees.
(3) A single intensification factor equal to 0.9/ h2/3 may be used for both ii and io if desired.
(4) The values of k and i can be read directly from Chart A by entering with the characteristic h computed
from the formulas given above. Nomenclature is as follows:
Db = outside diameter of branch
R1 = bend radius of welding elbow or pipe bend
rx = see definition in para. 304.3.4(c)
r2 = mean radius of matching pipe
s = miter spacing at center line
T = for elbows and miter bends, the nominal wall thickness of the fitting
= for tees, the nominal wall thickness of the matching pipe
Tc = the crotch thickness of branch connections measured at the center of the crotch where shown in the
sketches
Tr = pad or saddle thickness
 = one-half angle between adjacent miter axes
(5) Where flanges are attached to one or both ends, the values of k and i in the Table shall be corrected by the
factors C1, which can be read directly from Chart B, entering with the computed h.
(6) The designer is cautioned that cast buttwelded fittings may have considerably heavier walls than that of
the pipe with which they are used. Large errors may be introduced unless the effect of these greater
thicknesses is considered.
(7) In large diameter thin-wall elbows and bends, pressure can significantly affect the magnitudes of k and i.
To correct values from the Table, divide k by

[ 1 + 6 (P / E) (r2 / T)7/3 (R1 / r2)1/3 ]

divide i by
[ 1 + 3.25 (P / E) (r2 / T)^ 5/2 (R1 / r2)^ 2/3 ]

For consistency, use kPa and mm for SI metric, and psi and in. for US customary notation.
(8) When Tr is > 1 1/2 T, use h = 4 T/ r2.
(9) The designer must be satisfied that this fabrication has a pressure rating equivalent to straight pipe.
(10) Factors shown apply to bending. Flexibility factor for torsion equals 0.9.
(11) If rx >= 1/8 Db and Tc >= 1.5T, a flexibility characteristic of 4.4 T/r2 may be used.
(12) The out-of-plane stress intensification factor (SIF) for a reducing branch connection with branch-to-run
diameter ratio of 0.5 < d /D < 1.0 may be nonconservative. A smooth concave weld contour has been shown
to reduce the SIF. Selection of the appropriate SIF is the designer's responsibility.
(13) Stress intensification factors for branch connections are based on tests with at least two diameters of
straight run pipe on each side of the branch center line. More closely loaded branches may require special
consideration.
(14) 2.1 max. or 2.1 T/Cx, but not less than 1.3. Cx is the fillet weld leg length (see Fig. 328.5.2C). For
unequal leg lengths, use the smaller leg for Cx.
per ASME B31.1 - 2007
APPENDIX D

TABLE D-1
FLEXIBILITY FACTOR, k AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTOR, i

NOTES:
(1) The following nomenclature applies to Table D-l:
B = length of miter segment at crotch, in. (mm)
Do = outside diameter, in.
Dob = outside diameter of branch, in. (mm)
R = bend radius of elbow or pipe bend, in. (mm)
r = mean radius of pipe, in. (mm) (matching pipe for tees)
rx = external crotch radius of welded-in contour inserts and welding tees, in (mm)
s = miter spacing at center line, in. (mm)
Tc = crotch thickness of welded-in contour inserts and welding tees, in. (mm)
tn = nominal wall thickness of pipe, in. (mm) (matching pipe
for tees)
tr = reinforcement pad or saddle thickness, in. (mm)
 = reducer cone angle, deg.
 = mismatch, in. (mm)
 = one-half angle between adjacent miter axes, deg.
(2) The flexibility factors k and stress intensification factors i in Table D-l apply to bending in any plane for
fittings and shall in no case be taken less than unity. Both factors apply over the effective arc length (shown by
heavy center lines in the sketches) for curved and miter elbows, and to the intersection point for tees. The values
of k and i can be read directly from Chart D-1 by entering with the characteristic h computed from the formulas
given.

(3) Where flanges are attached to one or both ends, the values of k and i in Table D-1 shall be multiplied by the
factor c given below, which can be read directly from Chart D-2, entering with the computed h: one end flanged,
c = h1/6; both ends flanged, c = h1/3.
(4) The designer is cautioned that cast butt welding elbows may have considerably heavier walls than those of the
pipe with which they are used. Large errors may be introduced unless the effect of these greater thicknesses is
considered.
(5) In large diameter thin-wall elbows and bends, pressure can significantly affect magnitudes of k and i. Values
from the table may be corrected by dividing k by

[ 1 + 6 (P / Ec) (r / tn)7/3 (R / r)1/3 ]

and dividing i by
[ 1 + 3.25 (P / Ec) (r / tn)5/2 (R / r)2/3 ]

(6) Also includes single miter joints.

(7) If rx ≥ Dob/8 and Tc ≥ 1.5tn , a flexibility characteristic, h, of 4.4tn/r may be used.
(8) When tr > 1.5tn , h = 4.05tn / r.
(9) The stress intensification factors in the Table were obtained from tests on full size outlet connections. For less
than full size outlets, the full size values should be used until more applicable values are developed.
(10) The equation applies only if the following conditions are met:
(a) The reinforcement area requirements of para. 104.3 are met.
(b) The axis of the branch pipe is normal to the surface of run pipe wall.
(c) For branch connections in a pipe, the arc distance measured between the centers of adjacent
branches along the surface of the run pipe is not less than three times the sum of their inside radii in the
longitudinal direction or is not less than two times the sum of their radii along the circumference of the
run pipe.
(d) The inside corner radius r1 (see Fig. D-l) is between 10% and 50% of tnh .
(e) The outer radius r2 (see Fig. D-l) is not less than the larger of Tb/2, ( Tb + y)/2 [shown in Fig. D-1
sketch (c)], or tnh/2.
(f) The outer radius r3 (see Fig. D-l) is not less than the larger of:
(1) 0.002do ;
(2) 2(sin )3 times the offset for the configurations shown in Fig. D-1 sketches (a) and (b).
(g) Rm/tnh ≤ 50 and r'm * tm/Rm ≤ 0.5.
(11) The stress intensification factors apply to girth butt welds between two items for which the wall thicknesses
are between 0.875t and 1.10t for an axial distance of (Dot)0.5. Do and t are nominal outside diameter and nominal
wall thickness, respectively. avg is the average mismatch or offset.
(12) For welds to socket welded fittings, the stress intensification factor is based on the assumption that the pipe
and fitting are matched in accordance with ASME B16.11 and a full weld is made between the pipe and fitting as
shown in Fig. 127.4.4(C). For welds to socket welding flanges, the stress intensificatin factor is based on the weld
geometry shown in Fig. 127.4.4(B) and has been shown to envelop the results of the pipe to socket welded fitting
tests. Blending the toe of the fillet weld, with no undercut, smoothly into the pipe wall, as shown in the concave
fillet welds in Fig. 127.4.4(A) sketches (b) and (d), has been shown to improve the fatigue performance of the
weld.

(13) The equation applies only if the following conditions are met:
(a) Cone angle  does not exceed 60 deg., and the reducer is concentric.
(b) The larger of D1/ t1 and D2/ t2 does not exceed 100.
(c) The wall thickness is not less than t1 throughout the body of the reducer, except in and immediately
adjacent to the cylindrical portion on the small end, where the thickness shall not be less than t2.

(14) Factors shown apply to bending; flexibility factor for torsion equals 0.9.

For consistency, use kPa and mm for SI metric, and psi and in. for US customary notation.
 FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS
ASME B31.1 Table D-1 & B31.3 Table D-300
Sketches
T
T s r2
r2

B
R1 R1 = s cot / 2

s T
r2 r2
 T

R1 = r2 ( 1 + cot )/ 2 Tc
rx

r2 r2
T T

Tr Tr
Pad Saddle

r2 r2
T
T

Tc rx Tc rx

r2
T

The sketches below are shown in ASME B31.1, Table D-1. They can be applied with B31.3.

Tb
Tb
tnb Branch pipe tnb
Branch pipe
Db r3 Db
r3
n<= 45 deg.

r'm r'm n = 90 deg.

Offset Offset
L1
ri L1
ri
r2 rp r2
rp
r1 r1
tnh tnh

Rm Do Rm
(a) (b)

Tb = tnb + 0.667 y tnb = Tb

tnb
Branch pipe
r3 Db
Db
Branch
rp
r'm
n <= 45 deg.
r'm
L1
ri ri
r2 r2
rp
r1 r1
tnh

y
Rm
Rm Do

(c) (d)

t1

 t2

D1 D2
ed with B31.3.

Branch pipe

L1
 L1

tnh

Do

Branch

tnh

Do
Unit Value Value
PSIG 1 14.223343
KSI 0.001 0.014223343
kg(force)/cm2 0.070306959 1
Pa 6894.757 98066.493
kPa 6.894757 98.066493
MPa 0.006894757 0.098066493
atm 0.068046 0.967841
bar-G 0.0689476 0.980665
mm of Hg (oC) 51.7149 735.559

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Units Conversion factor link

US & SI 25.4 2

SIF Dropdown Function Link Cell List Pipe schedules: List Pipe Dimensions:

Elbow Do 22 Index Sch/Wall Index

Elbow Tn 8 1 Select dimensions set. 1 Select a pipe size

Closely Spaced Miter, Do 19 2 Sch 5S per ASME B36.19M 5S 2 NPS 1/2 (DN 12.5)

Closely Spaced Miter, Tn 9 3 Sch 5 per ASME B36.10M 5 3 NPS 3/4 (DN 18.7)

Single or Widely Spaced Miter, Do 17 4 Sch 10S per ASME B36.19M 10S 4 NPS 1 (DN 25)

Single or Widely Spaced Miter, Tn 27 5 Sch 10 per ASME B36.10M 10 5 NPS 1 1/4 (DN 31.7)

Welding Tee per B16.9, Run Pipe, Do 10 6 Sch 20 per ASME B36.10M 20 6 NPS 1 1/2 (DN 37.5)

Welding Tee per B16.9, Tn 10 7 Sch 30 per ASME B36.10M 30 7 NPS 2 (DN 50)

Welding Tee per B16.9, Branch Pipe, Db 7 8 Sch 40S per ASME B36.19M 40S 8 NPS 2 1/2 (DN 62.5)

Reinforced Fabricated Tee, Do 19 9 Std Wt per ASME B36.10M Std Wt 9 NPS 3 (DN 75)

Reinforced Fabricated Tee, Tn 22 10 Sch 40 per ASME B36.10M 40 10 NPS 4 (DN 100)

Unreinforced Fabricated Tee, Do 17 11 Sch 60 per ASME B36.10M 60 11 NPS 5 (DN 125)

Unreinforced Fabricated Tee, Tn 22 12 Sch 80S per ASME B36.19M 80S 12 NPS 6 (DN 150)

Extruded Outlet Tee, Run Pipe Do 15 13 Sch XS per ASME B36.10M XS 13 NPS 8 (DN 200)

Extruded Outlet Tee, Run Pipe Tn 5 14 Sch 80 per ASME B36.10M 80 14 NPS 10 (DN 250)

Extruded Outlet Tee, Branch Pipe Db 12 15 Sch 100 per ASME B36.10M 100 15 NPS 12 (DN 300)

Welded-In Contour Insert, Run Pipe Do 21 16 Sch 120 per ASME B36.10M 120 16 NPS 14 (DN 350)

Welded-In Contour Insert, Pipe Tn 25 17 Sch 140 per ASME B36.10M 140 17 NPS 16 (DN 400)

Welded-In Contour Insert, Branch Pipe Do 17 18 Sch 160 per ASME B36.10M 160 18 NPS 18 (DN 450)

Branch Welded-On Fitting, Do 15 19 Sch XXS per ASME B36.10M XXS 19 NPS 20 (DN 500)

Branch Welded-On Fitting, Tn 8 20 1/8" Thk 1/8" 20 NPS 24 (DN 600)

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Do1 13 21 3/16" Thk 3/16" 21 NPS 26 (DN 650)

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Do2 9 22 1/4" Thk 1/4" 22 NPS 28 (DN 700)

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Tn1 4 23 5/16" Thk 5/16" 23 NPS 30 (DN 750)

B16.9 Concentric Reducer B31.1, Tn2 8 24 3/8" Thk 3/8" 24 NPS 32 (DN 800)

25 7/16" Thk 7/16" 25 NPS 34 (DN 850)

26 1/2" Thk 1/2" 26 NPS 36 (DN 900)

27 5/8" Thk 5/8" 27 NPS 42 (DN 1050)

28 3/4" Thk 3/4" 28 NPS 46 (DN 1150)

29 7/8" Thk 7/8" 29 NPS 48 (DN 1200)

30 1" Thk 1"

31 1 1/8" Thk 1 1/8"

32 1 1/4" Thk 1 1/4"

33 1 3/8" Thk 1 3/8"

34 1 1/2" Thk 1 1/2"

35 1 5/8" Thk 1 5/8"

36 1 3/4" Thk 1 3/4"

37 1 7/8" Thk 1 7/8"

38 2" Thk 2"

39 2 1/8" Thk 2 1/8"

40 2 1/4" Thk 2 1/4"

41 2 3/8" Thk 2 3/8"

42 2 1/2" Thk 2 1/2"

RANGE NAMES LOCATION

atm =Units!$D$13
kPa =Units!$D$11
L_c =Tables!$D$6
L_u =Tables!$E$6
mm_Hg_oC =Units!$D$15
MPa_ =Units!$D$12
Pa =Units!$D$10
PipeDim =Tables!$J$11:$BC$39
PipeWall =Tables!$F$11:$H$52
psi =Units!$D$7
 Inch Inch Inch Thickness, Inch

Do LR SR 5S 5 10S 10 20 30 40S Std Wt 40 60 80S XS 80 100 120 140 160

0.840 N/A N/A 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 N/A N/A 0.109 0.109 0.109 N/A 0.147 0.147 0.147 N/A N/A N/A 0.188

1.050 1.125 N/A 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 N/A N/A 0.113 0.113 0.113 N/A 0.154 0.154 0.154 N/A N/A N/A 0.219

1.315 1.5 1 0.065 0.065 0.109 0.109 N/A N/A 0.133 0.133 0.133 N/A 0.179 0.179 0.179 N/A N/A N/A 0.25

1.660 1.875 1.25 0.065 0.065 0.109 0.109 N/A N/A 0.14 0.14 0.14 N/A 0.191 0.191 0.191 N/A N/A N/A 0.25

1.900 2.25 1.5 0.065 0.065 0.109 0.109 N/A N/A 0.145 0.145 0.145 N/A 0.2 0.2 0.2 N/A N/A N/A 0.281

2.375 3 2 0.065 0.065 0.109 0.109 N/A N/A 0.154 0.154 0.154 N/A 0.218 0.218 0.218 N/A N/A N/A 0.344

2.875 3.75 2.5 0.083 0.083 0.12 0.12 N/A N/A 0.203 0.203 0.203 N/A 0.276 0.276 0.276 N/A N/A N/A 0.375

3.500 4.5 3 0.083 0.083 0.12 0.12 N/A N/A 0.216 0.216 0.216 N/A 0.3 0.3 0.3 N/A N/A N/A 0.438

4.500 6 4 0.083 0.083 0.12 0.12 N/A N/A 0.237 0.237 0.237 0.281 0.337 0.337 0.337 N/A 0.437 N/A 0.531

5.563 7.5 5 0.109 0.109 0.134 0.134 N/A N/A 0.258 0.258 0.258 N/A 0.375 0.375 0.375 N/A 0.5 N/A 0.625

6.625 9 6 0.109 0.109 0.134 0.134 N/A N/A 0.28 0.28 0.28 N/A 0.432 0.432 0.432 N/A 0.562 N/A 0.719

8.625 12 8 0.109 0.109 0.148 0.148 0.25 0.277 0.322 0.322 0.322 0.406 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.593 0.718 0.812 0.906

10.75 15 10 0.134 0.134 0.165 0.165 0.25 0.307 0.365 0.365 0.365 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.594 0.718 0.843 1 1.125

12.75 18 12 0.156 0.165 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.33 0.375 0.375 0.406 0.562 0.5 0.5 0.688 0.843 1 1.125 1.312

14.00 21 14 0.156 N/A 0.188 0.25 0.312 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.437 0.593 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.937 1.093 1.25 1.406

16.00 24 16 0.165 N/A 0.188 0.25 0.312 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.5 0.656 0.5 0.5 0.844 1.031 1.218 1.437 1.594

18.00 27 18 0.165 N/A 0.188 0.25 0.312 0.437 0.375 0.375 0.562 0.75 0.5 0.5 0.938 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781

20.00 30 20 0.188 N/A 0.218 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.375 0.375 0.593 0.812 0.5 0.5 1.031 1.28 1.5 1.75 1.969

24.00 36 24 0.218 N/A 0.25 0.25 0.375 0.562 0.375 0.375 0.687 0.968 0.5 0.5 1.219 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.344

26.00 39 26 N/A N/A N/A 0.312 0.5 N/A 0.375 0.375 N/A N/A 0.5 0.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

28.00 42 28 N/A N/A N/A 0.312 0.5 0.625 0.375 0.375 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

30.00 45 30 0.25 N/A 0.312 0.312 0.5 0.625 0.375 0.375 N/A N/A 0.5 0.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

32.00 48 32 N/A N/A N/A 0.312 0.5 0.625 0.375 0.375 0.688 N/A 0.5 0.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

34.00 51 34 N/A N/A N/A 0.312 0.5 0.625 0.375 0.375 0.688 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

36.00 54 36 N/A N/A N/A 0.312 N/A 0.625 0.375 0.375 0.75 N/A 0.5 0.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

42.00 63 42 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

46.00 69 46 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

48.00 72 48 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
 XXS 1/8" 3/16" 1/4" 5/16" 3/8" 7/16" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 1 1/2" 1 5/8" 1 3/4" 1 7/8" 2" 2 1/8"

0.294 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.308 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.358 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.382 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.436 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.552 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.6 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.674 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.75 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

0.864 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

0.875 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125

N/A 0.125 0.1875 0.25 0.3125 0.375 0.4375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125
2 1/4" 2 3/8" 2 1/2"

N/A N/A N/A 0.840

N/A N/A N/A 1.050

N/A N/A N/A 1.315

N/A N/A N/A 1.660

N/A N/A N/A 1.900

N/A N/A N/A 2.375

N/A N/A N/A 2.875

N/A N/A N/A 3.500

N/A N/A N/A 4.500

N/A N/A N/A 5.563

2.25 2.375 2.5 6.625

2.25 2.375 2.5 8.625

2.25 2.375 2.5 10.75

2.25 2.375 2.5 12.75

2.25 2.375 2.5 14.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 16.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 18.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 20.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 24.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 26.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 28.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 30.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 32.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 34.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 36.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 42.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 46.00

2.25 2.375 2.5 48.00

 Revisions:
7/3/2002 Updated per ASME B31.3-2002
Added pressure affect on bends
Changed welding tee and welded-in contour insert formulas for "h" and per Note (11)
Added choice of units: US customary (inch & psi) or SI (mm and kPa)

11/24/2004 Added macros for hiding/ unhiding certain worksheets, and changing protections.

4/9/2005 Changed introduction to a dialog box.

9/27/2005 Changed Note 11 in B31.3 Notes sheet per B31.3-2004 version. Changed formatting.

2/6/2008 Added code to unload userform before close.

2/16/2008 Changed SIF table notes for B31.1-2007. Changed print macros.