hdayDiagnostic and Date Result(s) Indications or Purposes Result(s) 1st 2nd 3rd Normal Values Analysis and

Laboratory Findings in (used in hospitals) Interpretation

(Book Based)
Urinalysis 06/24/09 Urinalysis is a test to Color: yellow Color: yellow -Yellow color of the
detect and measures urine is a normal
protein, glucose and result.
ketone bodies: and
examines sediment for Transparency: Transparency: -The transparency
blood cells and crystals transparent transparent of urine is not
present in the urine. affected by the
presence of
microorganism in
the Gastro intestinal
tract of the patient.

Specific gravity: Specific gravity: - The urine Specific

1.020 1.005-1.030 gravity is within the
normal range even
if the hydration
status of the patient
was affected by
diarrhea.

Sugar: negative Sugar: negative - There is an

absence of sugar in
urine which
indicates that the
patient has no
Diabetes Mellitus.

Albumin: trace Albumin: negative - The presence

albumin in the urine
is indication that
there is a possible
impairment of the
urine filtration of the
 patient.

RBC: 1-3 RBC: 1-5 - RBC count is in

acceptable normal
range which
indicates that the
present of
microorganism
didn’t affect the
presence of
microorganism in
the function of RBC
in the patient’s
body.

Pus cells: 11-14 Pus cells: none - Pus cells are

present, this
indicate infection
and inflammation.

Amorphous urates: Amorphous urates: -Amorphous urates

few few seen in urine
specimen and are
most of the time,
the result of
refrigeration.

Bacteria: moderate Bacteria: moderate - Bacteria are

common in urine
specimens because
of the abundant
normal microbial
flora of the vagina
] or external urethral
meatus.
Epithelial cells: Epithelial cells: - Epithelial cells are
moderate moderate the results of
sloughing of the
cells lining the
urinary tract and
genital tract into the
urine. Also this
could mean that
there is no
affectation in the
renal system of the
patient.
 Diagnostic and Date Result(s) Indications or Purposes Result(s) 1st 2nd Normal Values Analysis and
Laboratory Findings in 3rd (used in hospitals) Interpretation
(Book Based)
Complete Blood 06-24-09 The CBC is a basic HGB: HGB: -Decrease in
Count screening test and one of 108 M (140-180 g/l) hemoglobin may be
the most frequently F (120-140 g/l) a result of the
ordered blood test. presence of
Specimens of venous microorganism in
blood are taken for a the GIT of the
complete blood count patient.
(CBC), which includes
hemoglobin and Hematocrit: Hematocrit: - Low hematocrit
hematocrit .35 M (0.42-0.52) may be affected by
measurements, F (0.37-0.47) nutritional
erythrocytes (RBC) deficiency and
count, leukocytes (WBC) hydration problem
count, red blood cell of the patient due to
indices and a differential diarrhea.
white cell count.
Total WBC: Total WBC: -The WBC count is
8.8 (5-10 x 103) within the normal
(5-10 thousand/mm3) range. This
indicates that the
microorganism
didn’t affect the
function and
number of WBC.

Total platelets: Total platelets: -Low platelet count

100,000/mm3 (150-3503) is termed as
150,000-350,000) thrombocytopenia.
The decreased in
platelet count may
be a result of
infection from the
microorganism thus
 making the body
used and destroy
platelet for its
protective
mechanism.

Segmenters: Segmenters: - Segmenters are

.48 (0.40-0.60) under the
components of
white blood cells.
This means that
Segmenters are
parallel to WBC.
The result of the
WBC count is within
the normal range
thus making the
Segmenters count
normal.

Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes: -The lymphocytes

.52 (0.20-0.40) play an important
role in immunologic
response. Increase
lymphocytes
indicate either
physiologic or
pathophysiologic
response of the
patient’s body to
infection.
Nursing Responsibilities:

Before:
-if the patient is a child (is in infant stage)
1. Explain to the parent the procedure and indication of the test.
2. Explain the method of collection.
3. Wash hand and observe other appropriate infection control procedures.
4. Clean the perineal area and the urethral opening.
5. Allow parent to assist the child, if possible. The child may feel more comfortable with a
parent present.

During:
1. Provide privacy and comfort.
2. Observe and use the standard precautions.
3. If urine is accidentally contaminated with feces, discard urine specimen and wait for
the next voiding.

After:
1. Label the specimen container properly.
2. Record collection of the specimen, time completed, and any pertinent observation of
the urine on appropriate records.
3. Indicate on the lab slip if the client is taking any current medication.
4. Take the specimen to the laboratory immediately.
5. Instruct the parent to resume the usual diet and medication schedule as ordered to
the patient.
Nursing Responsibilities:

Before:
-if the patient is a child (is in infant stage)
1. Explain to the parent the procedure and indication of the test.
2. Tell the parent that small amount of blood will be taken from the patient and
pain/discomfort will be felt.
3. Allow parent to assist the child, if possible. The child may feel more comfortable with a
parent present.

During:
1. Wash hand and observe other appropriate infection control procedures.
2. Provide necessary assistance.

After:
1. Apply pressure to the puncture site.
2. Observe the venipuncture site for bleeding.
3. Explain that some bruising or swelling may form at the puncture site. Instruct to apply
warm compress.
4. Send the sample to the laboratory immediately. Fresh specimen provides more
accurate results.