GRADE 8 OSMEÑA

Q4 -WEEK 2
PRAYER
By: GROUP
LEADERS
REVIEW
Directions: Tell whether the following statements is TRUE
or FALSE. If its false, identify the word/s that makes the
statement incorrect.

1. Stomach, small intestine,

large intestine, pancreas, and
liver is considered as main
organs that make up the
digestive system.
REVIEW
Directions: Tell whether the following statements is true or
false. If its false, identify the word/s that makes the
statement incorrect.

2. The digestion process involves

Ingestion, Assimilation or
Absorption, and Elimination or
Excretion.
REVIEW
Directions: Tell whether the following statements is true or
false. If its false, identify the word/s that makes the
statement incorrect.

3. The salivary glands produces bile which aid in the

digestion and absorption of fat.
REVIEW
Directions: Tell whether the following statements is true or
false. If its false, identify the word/s that makes the
statement incorrect.

4. Absorption of nutrients mostly happens in the large

intestine and absorption of water and minerals happens in
small intestine.
REVIEW
Directions: Tell whether the following statements is true or
false. If its false, identify the word/s that makes the
statement incorrect.

5. This digestive system

process is called
assimilation / absorption.
Growth
Much of the growth happens because the number of cells in your
body increases as you develop.
 Cell Cycle & Cell Division

MITOSIS
and

MEIOSIS
Prepared by: Shaira Lyn B. Cumilang
Practice Teaching Student
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
A. Identify the two ways by which cells increase in number;
B. Describe the different stages of cell division of Mitosis
and Meiosis;
C. Compare the two types of cell division: Mitosis and
Meiosis;
D. Appreciate the importance and the role of cell division in
growth and reproduction of organisms.
PRE - ASSESSMENT
Direction: Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your notebook. (5points)
1. The sperm cells and egg cells are reproductive cells of animals which
are also known as____
A. spore B. Gametes C. Pollen D. ovum
2. Which of the following parts of the cell contains the chromosomes?
A. Mitochondrion B. Cytoplasm C. Nucleus D. cell membrane
3. Mitosis is the division of _____________
A. somatic cells B. sperm cells C. egg cells D. all of the choices
4. The haploid number of human chromosomes is_____
A. 11 chromosomes B. 12 chromosomes C. 46 chromosomes D. 23 chromosomes
5. Meiosis consists of 2 cell divisions, Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
A. True B. False C. Neither
 Nuclear Envelope – a membrane that separates the nucleus
from the cytoplasm.

Centriole – helps in the formation of spindle fibers

Crossing-over – is the exchange of genetic material between

non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during
VOCABULARY meiosis

Independent Assortment – formation of random

combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and of genes on
different pairs

Spindle fibers are microscopic protein structures that help

divide genetic material during cell division and organize
cellular components. Form out of the centrosome,
 INSIDE THE CELL

Nucleus Chromosome Gene

Cell DNA
(Segment of
DNA)
 The Cell Cycle
Two stages:
1. Interphase
2. M-phase (Mitosis or Meiosis)

The cell cycle is a Interphase

sequence of growth and
division.
 The Cell Cycle
Interphase
- Cells spend about 90% of the cycle here
- Broken down into three parts
 Gap 1
- Growth 1. Cells are growing in size.
- Dividing and reproducing organelles
 Synthesis
- Cells in this phase are copying all the DNA found in
the nucleus
- Synthesis is referring to the building of new DNA
molecules.
 Gap 2
- Growth 2. Cells in this phase are checking to make
sure their DNA have been replicated correctly.
- Check to make sure organelles are copied.
 The Cell Cycle
M-phase (Mitosis or Meiosis)

- Cell undergoes cell

division
 M-phase (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Mitosis (for somatic or body cells)

- It is the process in which a cell nucleus divides into two new

nuclei, each of which contains the same number of chromosome
as the parent cell. The parent cell is the cell that undergoes
division.
Ex. Liver cells
lung cells
brain cells,
nerve cells….
 M-phase (Mitosis or Meiosis)

Meiosis (for gametes or sex cells)

It is the process where a single cell divides twice to produce four
cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
These cells are our sex cells sperm cells in males and egg cell/s in
females.
 STAGES OF MITOSIS
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

P M A T
 STAGES OF MITOSIS
1. PROPHASE
- The chromosomes appear
condensed and become visible.
- Nuclear envelope will break
down and disappear.
- Spindle fibers form and
centrioles start to separate.
 STAGES OF MITOSIS
2. METAPHASE
-
- Meta - means middle
- Spindle fibers form and attached
to centromere of chromosome.
It move the chromosome to
cell’s equator.
 STAGES OF MITOSIS
3. ANAPHASE
- Sister chromatids separate
and move to opposite poles
 STAGES OF MITOSIS
4. TELOPHASE
• Chromosomes reach the cell’s
poles.
• Two new nuclei form… one
around each set of chromosomes
at opposite ends.
• Chromosomes unwind and
spindle fibers dissolve.
 STAGES OF MITOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
- Cell pinches in half. The “pinch” is
called a cleavage furrow
- Division of cytoplasm and
separation 2 daughter cells which
are both diploids.
STAGES OF MITOSIS
Learning Task #1

Direction:
Look at the following pictures of the different
phases of Mitosis and choose the answer which
corresponds to the picture. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
Learning Task #1

__1. __2. __3. __4. __5.

A. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
B. The chromosomes appear condensed and become visible and nuclear envelope slowly
disappears.
C. Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
D. Chromosomes arrived at opposite poles and begin to decondense.
E. Division of cytoplasm. Separation of daughter cells.
Why do children do not look
exactly with their parents?

Why do siblings do not look

exactly or looks different with
each other?
 MEIOSIS
Is a process where a single cell divides
twice to produce four cells containing half
the original amount of genetic
information. These cells are our sex cells –
sperm in males, eggs in females.
 Meiosis (Reduction Division)

Meiosis I Meiosis II
Prophase I Prophase II

Metaphase I Metaphase II

Anaphase I Anaphase II

Telophase I Telophase II
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS I
PROPHASE I
- The nuclear envelope begins
to break down, and the
chromosomes condensed.

- Centrioles start moving

opposite side of the cells, and
spindle begins to form.

- Homologous chromosomes
pair up and exchange segments.
This is called crossing over.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS I
METAPHASE I
- The spindle fibers attach
to the pair oh homologous
chromosomes.

- The paired chromosomes

line up along the equator of
the cell.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS I
ANAPHASE I
- Spindle fibers shorten, and the
chromosomes of each homologous pair
start to separate from each other.

- One chromosome of each pair moves

toward one pole of the cell, and the
other chromosome moves toward the
opposite pole.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS I
Telophase I

- The spindle breaks down,

and new nuclear membranes
form.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS I
Cytokinesis
- The cytoplasm of the cell
divides, and two haploid
daughter cells result. The
daughter cells each have a
random assortment of
chromosomes with one
from each homologous
pair. Both daughter cells go
on to meiosis II.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS II
Prophase II
- The nuclear envelope
breaks down

- Spindle begins to form

- The centrioles also start

to separate.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS II
Metaphase II
- Spindle fibers line up the
sister chromatids of each
chromosome along the equator
of the cell or the metaphase
plate.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS II
Anaphase II
- Sister chromatids separate
and move to opposite poles.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS II
Telophase II
- The spindle breaks down
and new nuclear membranes
form.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS II
CYTOKINESIS II
-The cytoplasm of each cell
divides, and four haploid cells
result.

- Each cell has a unique

combination of chromosomes.
 STAGES OF MEIOSIS
TELOPHASE AND
PROPHASE I METAPHASE i ANAPHASE I TELOPHASE AND PROPHASE II CYTOKINESIS PHASE I
CYTOKINESIS PHASE I
METAPHASE II ANAPHASE II
Mitosis produces 2 genetically Meiosis produces 4 genetically
identical diploid cells. different haploid cells.

2n= diploid # of chromosomes n = haploid # of chromosomes

One set of
chromosomes
‘Di’ means two and ‘ploid’ means sets
Two sets of
chromosomes SEX CELLS or GAMETES
SOMATIC CELLS or BODY CELLS
Undergo several cell divisions to
produce all the body cells to fully
develop into a baby. (except sex
cells)
n= 23 n= 23
46 chromosomes
LEARNING TASK # 2
Directions: Identify what stage of Meiosis is being described in the picture

1.
Answer: Metaphase I

2. Answer: Metaphase I
LEARNING TASK # 2
Directions: Identify what stage of Meiosis is being described in the picture

3.
Answer: Prophase I

4. Answer: Anaphase I
LEARNING TASK # 2
Directions: Identify what stage of Meiosis is being described in the picture

5.

Answer: Anaphase I
LEARNING TASK # 3 (will be recorded)
Directions: Compare Mitosis and Meiosis using the table given below. Write
your answer in your notebook. (10 points)
  MITOSIS MEIOSIS

Number of cell divisions    

Types of cells in which cell division    

occurs

Does crossing-over occur? Yes or    

No

Number of daughter cells    

produced

Diploid or Haploid cells produced?