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Exam II
The Rules:
4) Complete 5 out of the 6 problems. If you do more than 5 problems, I will grade the first
5 that are not crossed out.
6) Supplementary materials are attached to the end of the test (eqns., etc.)
If we continuously cast a thick section ofa binary alloy, the solidification begins in a stable
plane front mode, but later transitions into an unstable, dendritic growth mode.
Part A:
Even though the solid and liquid have about the same 'k' (thermal conductivity), the resistances,
or conductances, of these two components are different. Compare the thermal conduction in the
liquid and solid of a continuously-cast alloy for the early stages of casting, when we are still in
the ~?ld.
7 . L,
T+J£~AL
~h
CoNDtJGTAf\tt? t
~1'-'-- L-c ( f'AoS1L'! ")""11LL 1 ,
Compare the conductances of the solid and liquid at a much later time, when we are out of the
mold and solidification is almost complete. ( . \
\t-\E.RftJ>L Ls oa AI LONC:j TIM-ES McSIL) S6L101f\ffi
~~.L.J GJN.f)l)c,-rANLf.. ~ -= L )
Lc . l;s '{l_A-(Io L I cL
:. II-\€ TJ-\f;2./'AAL GJ R..ADI f.NTS IN "TI-1-f. Lie{ tJI D; .:;tX 1
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c.,o
I would like you to show '""'
-
me how this o'-'
solidification problem is !:
~
different from all those ~
f (
we have seen in class, by !. (Oo.lll)
I
drawing some pictures of e r.
the composition profile
f. 1100
•
as the alloy solidifies. """(
!;_ _(,0~
Assume that
6.s, 2..
r
mixing/diffusion in the Ts I
liquid is rapid, but
nonexistent in the solid.
Tcr 0
Go
to iiO ,. ••
Wel&ht
.. ..,. ,. .. .
Percent SU!oon
100
S!
Please draw three pictures of the composition profile, at at least three times/temperatures. One
near the beginning of the solidification (T = T i near the liquidus), one at an intermediate time (T
= Tz), and one near the end of solidification (T = T3 near the solidus). Please make your charts
as QUANTITATIVE as possible; label every quantity you can.
k.i:::
~
L-------+-__,.><
I
Lo
(.42. L - - - - - - - + - 7 Lo J
\
Problem #3: Go With the Co-Flow
Imagtne our classical two-parallel-plates-in-shear situation, but now there is not a single fluid
between the plates, but two immiscible fluids ...
j_ PartA:
3. L£1.
2 Part C: A vertically oriented pipe, pressurized at the bottom
Consider a transient flow problem: we have parallel plates separated by 1 em, and we will shear
a film of water between them beginning at timet= 0. The velocity of the upper plate (relative to
the bottom, fixed, plate) is 1 m/s. Water properties: J.l = 10"3 Pa-s, p = I 000 kg/m 3.
1 Part A: Before we think about the transient problem, let's think about the steady state, a long
time after t = 0. Convince yourself (and me) that there will be turbulent flow.
Re~.,.. Pt.ATEs"'-- loco. t1 o
I L I000 AI G~Tic.AL \) f_\..007'-/. f'Ll.l(J IN VALI)f;. f612. -z.;
(<_.e_ =.~ = M
__\
turbulence develops.
[u~ ~I
~-P-~ ( '-----"".__ (a;~~-,
L"" o ... \
UJ"Ai~ -n.>U..I)!J•.N7 l_AMtNt:.P... fLi~. l:.. 1. J
LAf'r\ \N~v<._
Problem #6: Snubbed
Answer A: Turbulence.
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