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Department of Mathematics
IIT Guwahati
Lecture 2
1
y 0 (x) = x, y(0) = 1 (a unique solution y = x2 + 1).
2
Observation:
Thus, an IVP
F (x, y, y 0 ) = 0, y(x0 ) = y0
may have none, precisely one, or more than one solution.
Theorem(Peano’s Theorem):
Let R : |x − x0 | ≤ a, |y − y0 | ≤ b be a rectangle. If
f ∈ C(R) then the IVP
has at least one solution y(x). This solution is defined for all x in the
interval |x − 0| ≤ h, where
3
h = min{3, }, K = max |xy|.
K (x,y)∈R
Note that ∂f
∂y
does not exist at (x, 0). But, f satisfies Lipschitz
condition in the variable y with Lipschitz constant K = 1.
Let f , ∂f
∂y
∈ C(R) and (x0 , y0 ), (x0 , y0 m ) ∈ R. Let φ(x) be
the solution of
y 0 = f (x, y), y(x0 ) = y0 ,