Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

Thiruvananthapuram
MA 121 - Differential Equations
Instructor: Dr. Kaushik Mukherjee Tutorial-I

1. Determine the first-four approximations φ0 (x), φ1 (x), φ2 (x), φ3 (x) to the solutions of the following IVPs
using the P icard0 s method of successive approximations and compare these results with the exact
solution.
dy dy
(a) = y − 1, y(0) = 2. (b) = x + y, y(0) = 1.
dx dx
∂f
2. Determine whether exists and verify whether the Lipschitz condition (with respect to y) is satisfied in
∂y
the given domain D for the following functions.
(a) f (x, y) = x|y|; D = {(x, y) : |x| ≤ 1, |y| ≤ 1}.
(b) f (x, y) = x2 cos2 y + y sin2 x; D = {(x, y) : |x| ≤ 1, |y| < ∞}.
(c) f (x, y) = | sin y| + x; D = {(x, y)|x, y ∈ R}. 1
dy
3. Find infinite solutions of the IVP: = 3y 2/3 , y(0) = 0. Explain whether this contradicts the
dx
P icard0 s existence and uniqueness T heorem.
dy
4. Consider the IVP: = 1 + y 2 , y(0) = 0.
dx
(a) Using the P icard0 s existence and uniqueness T heorem,
i. verify whether the IVP has a unique solution.
ii. if so, find the maximum value of h (h > 0) such that the IVP has a unique solution on the interval
|x| ≤ h.
(b) Find the interval on which the solution of the IVP is actually defined, by solving it.
dy
5. Consider the IVP: = xy, y(0) = 1.
dx
(a) Using the non-local existence T heorem,
i. show that the IVP has a unique solution on the interval |x| ≤ 1.
ii. show that the IVP has a unique solution for all x ∈ R.
(b) Using the P icard0 s existence and uniqueness T heorem, find the maximum value of h (h > 0) such
that the IVP has a unique solution on the interval |x| ≤ h.
(c) Find the interval on which the solution of the IVP is actually defined, by solving it.
6. Determine (without solving the IVP) the largest interval in which the following IVP
(4 − x2 )y 0 + 2xy = 3x2 , y(1) = 3;
certainly has a unique solution with proper justification.
7. State existence and uniqueness theorem for 4th -order linear IVP and apply it to find the largest interval in
which the following IVP certainly has a unique solution.

 (x2 − 4)y iv + 2xy 00 + (sin x)y = e−x ,
 y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 50, y 00 (0) = 100, y 000 (0) = −1000.

1 Apply M ean V alue T heorem to examine whether f (x, y) satisfies Lipschitz condition on D.