DEFINITION OF 2D:

Randall Hunter (2014)

 A 2D drawing is a drawing that sits in only the X and Y axis. More simply, a 2D drawing is flat and has a width and
length but no depth or thickness. There is no shade and shadow and therefore little realism in a 2D drawing.

Angela J. (2018)

 When a work of art is classified as being 2-dimensional, it means that the composition possesses the dimensions of
length and width but does not possess depth.

DEFINITION OF 3D:

Sucharya Deshmukh (2018)

 3D art is perceived to have height, width and depth, and having these three makes it a form; meaning all 3D arts
have form.

Retrieved from: http://www.saylor.org/courses/arth101b

 Three-dimensional media occupies space defined through the dimensions of height, width and depth. It includes
sculpture, installation and performance art, decorative art, and product design.
ELEMENTS of 3D Art

1. SPACE: Illusion of depth and space. Space is the area around, above, and within an object.
a. Ways to create space:
i. Overlapping- Occurs when a figure partially hides an object that's behind it.
ii. Shading- Light and shadow create the illusion of form and space.
iii. Placement on the paper- Elements placed on the top of the picture are appear to be in the
distance.
iv. Size-The smaller objects will appear to be further away from the viewer.
v. Value and focus- Less detail the further the distance. Color seems to become less intense as it gets
further away.
vi. Linear Perspective- a drawing method that uses lines to create the illusion of space on a flat
surface. Things appear to get smaller as they go back into space.

2. LINE: The edge of a shape or form or the direction followed by anything in motion.
a. Implied Line- is a line that doesn’t really exist, but appears to be present.
b. Actual Line- is a line that is actually present.
3. PLANE: the flat surface that the image is created upon.
a. such as paper, canvas, or wood.
b. Three-dimensional figures may be depicted on the flat picture plane through the use of the artistic
elements to imply depth and volume.
4. MASS/VOLUME: Mass, or form, refers to a shape or three-dimensional volume that has or gives the illusion of
having weight, density or bulk.
5. SHAPE: An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width
a. Form is a concept that is related to shape and can be created by combining two or more shapes, resulting
in a three-dimensional shape.
6. VALUE: Shadows from lightness to darkness. Quantity of light actually reflected by an object's surface.
a. Value variation gives a sense of space and depth to an object—emphasizing its three dimensionality.
b. Strong contrast in value can create emphasis.

7. TEXTURE: Quality related closely to our sense of touch.

a. Implied texture- is texture that appears to be present but it is an illusion. It is not really present.
b. Actual texture- is texture that really exists and it can be felt.
8. COLOR: The light reflected from a surface. It can create emphasis, harmony, emotions, unity, and movement.
Color has three distinct qualities:
a. Hue- color
b. Value- lightness to darkness of a color
c. Intensity- brightness to dullness of a color
i. mixing its complimentary color can dull intensity.
ELEMENTS IN 2D ART

1. Line – The way we treat our lines establishes a particular/dominant mood/emotion.

2. Shape – Flat, 2D aspects of form
3. Value/Tone –
a. In two-dimensional artworks, the use of value can help to give a shape the illusion of mass or volume.
b. While three-dimensional forms, such as sculpture, have volume inherently, volume can also be simulated,
or implied, in a two-dimensional work such as a painting.
c. This self portrait by Rembrandt is an example of simulated, or implied volume. The face looks three-
dimensional. In actuality, however, it is a two-dimensional (flat) artwork, a print.

4. Texture – Can be actual or implied

5. Space –
a. Positive space is the figure/object you’re drawing
b. Negative space is the area AROUND the figure object you’re drawing
6. Color – (we won’t use color in Beginning Drawing)

References:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/visual-elements/

https://westminsterschools.libguides.com/c.php?g=265404&p=1789592

http://teaching.ellenmueller.com/3d-design/resources/elements-principles-of-design/

https://learn.canvas.net/courses/24/pages/m3-mass

http://www.newton.k12.in.us/art/3d/images/3delementsprinciples.pdf

http://visualartspdsf.blogspot.com/2013/11/space.html