A 338109

What Do We Know
about War?

Edited by
John A. Vasquez

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.

Lanham • Boulder • New York • Oxford
 Contents

Preface ix
Introduction xiii
John A. Vasquez

Part I: Overview
1. The Etiology of Interstate War: A Natural History Approach 3
J. David Singer
2. Who Fights Whom, When, Where, and Why? 23
Stuart A. Bremer
3. Escalation and War in the Twentieth Century: Findings from the
International Crisis Behavior Project 37
Michael Brecher, Patrick James, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld

Part II: Factors That Bring about War

4. Territory: Theory and Evidence on Geography and Conflict 57
Paul R. Hensel
5. Territory: Why Are Territorial Disputes between States a Central
Cause of International Conflict? 85
Paul K. Huth
6. Alliances: The Street Gangs of World Politics—Their Origins,
Management, and Consequences, 1816-1986 111
Zeev Maoz
1. Alliances: Why Some Cause War and Why Others Cause Peace 145
Douglas M. Gibler
8. Military Buildups: Arming and War 165
Susan G. Sample

vii
viii Contents

9. Rivalries: The Conflict Process 197

Gary Goertz and Paul F. Diehl
10. Rivalries: Recurrent Disputes and Explaining War 219
Frank Whelon Wayman
11. Escalation: Crisis Behavior and War 235
Russell J. Leng
12. Material Capabilities: Power and International Conflict 259
Daniel S. Geller

Part III: Factors That Promote Peace

13. International Norms: Normative Orders and Peace 281
Gregory A. Raymond
14. Democracy: On the Level(s), Does Democracy Correlate
with Peace? 299
I James Lee Ray

Part IV: Lessons and Conclusions

15. Reflections on the Scientific Study of War 319
Jack S. Levy
16. Mature Theories, Second-Order Properties, and Other Matters 329
Manus I. Midlarsky
17. What Do We Know about War? 335
John A. Vasquez

References 371
Subject Index 407
Name Index 411
About the Contributors 419