Contents

Sl. No. Topics

1. Introduction

2. Aim of the Project

3. What is Pollution

4. Noise Pollution

5. Sources of Noise Pollution

6. Effects of Noise Pollution

7. Statistical Analysis

8. Noise Control Strategies

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 9. Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION
Modern technology has created
many environmental pollutants
of which noise is an immediate
and identifiable example. Noise is
defined as “U n wan ted So u nd”
which means that, human being
the recipient of sound, are the
ultimate judges of what noisy
sound is and what is not. Decibel
is the standard unit for
measurement of sound. Usually 80 db is the level at which sound becomes
physically painful. And can be termed as noise.
Sound is the form of energy which gives the sensation of hearing and is produced
by longitudinal mechanical waves in matter including solid, liquid and gases and
transmitted by oscillations of atoms and molecules of matter.
Sound is produced when an object vibrates, alternatively compressing and
expanding the air. The compression and expansion travels like wave from the
source. They are called waves or simply vibrations.

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AIM OF THE PROJECT:
To study the environmental profile of Puri District in respect of population
density, green cover, education at level of residences, social problems and
sources of pollution and their effect on air, water and soil.

Pollution is defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical &

biological characteristics of air, water & soil that may harmfully affect the life or
create a potential hazard for living organism.

Degradation of environment with the introduction of man-made

extraneous materials to air, water or land is also called ‘Pollution’. The
extraneous agents which cause pollution are called as “Pollutants.” The
pollutants may be material or energy which cause pollution when added to the
environment in quantities and at a rate which are determental to the life of the
organisms. Thus, a ‘Pollutant’ is defined as ‘any material (solid, liquid or gas) or
energy (heat, sound, radioactivity, etc.) that produces harmful effects when
added to the environment.’

Basing on different type of pollutants the pollution is of following types:

1. Air Pollution

2. Water Pollution

3. Soil Pollution

4. Noise Pollution.

Noise Pollution is more effective to the environment.

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WHAT IS POLLUTION?
According to the EPA, “the presence of substance in the environment that,
because of its chemical composition or quantity, prevents the functioning of
natural processes and produces undesirable environmental and health effects is
called noise.”
NOISE POLLUTION:
Noise can be defined as an unwanted or undesired sound.
Human beings are the judges of sound that which sound is tolerable and which is
not. The intolerable sound is known as ‘noise’.
Definition of Noise:
The proper definition of noise pollution cannot be defined in one sentence. There
are several people had defined noise in different language:
Harvell: “Noise is an unwanted sound which increases fatigue and under some
industrial conditions it causes deafness”.
Blum: “A distracter and therefore interferes with the efficiency”.
J. Tiffin: “Noise is a sound which is disagreeable for the individual and which
disturbs the normal way of an individual”.

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SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution like other pollutants is also a by- product of industrialization,
urbanizations and modern civilization. Broadly speaking , the noise pollution has
two sources, i.e. industrial and non- industrial. The industrial source includes the
noise from various industries and big machines working at a very high speed and
high noise intensity. Non- industrial source of noise includes the noise created by
transport/vehicular traffic and the neighborhood noise generated by various
noise pollution can also be divided in the categories, namely, natural and
manmade. Most leading noise sources will fall into the following categories:
roads traffic, aircraft, railroads, construction, industry, noise in buildings, and
consumer products
1. Transport noise,
2. Occupational noise,
3. Neighbourhood noise
4. Consumer Products noise
1) Transport Noise
Noise arising due to different types of transportation is called transport noise.
This can be subdivided into-
a . Road Traffic Noise:
Vehicles on road produce irritation for more
people than any other noise source. This is
because of steady increase in the number of
road vehicles and consequently increases of
road traffic density.
b. Aircraft Noise:
It differs from road traffic noise in the sense that it is not continuous but
intermittent. There are peak noise levels when aircraft fly overhead and land
at the airport.
c. Rail Traffic Noise:
The intensity of rail traffic noise is much lower than any other traffic noise.
Usually all railway tracks run through rural areas and so the exposure of rail
traffic noise is minimum.

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2) Occupational noise:

This is mainly produced by industrial machines

and processes which affects millions of people. It
also includes noise from domestic articles, i.e. ,
washing machines, vacuum cleaners and so on.
Industrial workers are exposed to noise minimum
of 8 hours per day and 6 days per week.

3) Neighbourhood noise:

There are a variety of sources such as,

television, radio, DVD players and so on,
which disturbs and annoys the general
public.

4. Noise from Consumer products:-

Certain household equipment, such as

vacuum cleaners and some kitchen
appliances have been and continue to be
noisemakers, although their contribution
to the daily noise dose is usually not very
large.

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EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
1. Deafness, temporary or permanent, is one of
the most prevalent effects of noise
pollution. Mechanics, locomotive drivers,
telephone operators etc. all have their
hearing impairment.
2. The first and foremost effect of noise is a
decrease in the efficiency in working.
Research has proved the fact that human
efficiency increases with noise reduction.
3. Too much of noise disturbs the rhythms of working, thereby affecting the
concentration required for doing a work. Noise of traffic or the loud
speakers or different types of horns divert the attention, thus causing
harm in the working standard.
4. Fatigue caused is another effect of noise. Due to lack of concentration,
people need to devote more time to complete their task, which leads to
tiredness and fatigue.
5. Noise pollution acts as a stress invigorator, increasing the stress levels
among people. Sometimes, being surrounded by too much of noise, people
can be victims of certain diseases like blood pressure, mental illness, etc.
7. Noise pollution indirectly affects the vegetation. Plants require cool &
peaceful environment to grow. Noise pollution causes poor quality of
crops.
8. Animals are susceptible to noise
pollution as well. It damages the
nervous system of the animals.
9. Noise indirectly weakens the edifice of
buildings, bridges and monuments. It
creates waves, which can be very
dangerous and harmful and put the
building in danger condition.
10. Perhaps the most serious problem created by sound pollution is the impact
it has on our health.

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Because sound pollution can trigger the body’s stress response, one of its major
health effects is chronic stress and the high levels of stress hormones that go
with it. As a result, noise pollution has also been linked with health problems
such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. It’s also been linked with
musculoskeletal problems, as a Cornell University study on office noise found
that those working in noisy office environments can also be less likely to
ergonomically adjust their workstations for comfort, which can contribute to
physical problems. Noise pollution can also impact sleep quality by preventing
sleep and disrupting sleep cycles. And, perhaps most significantly, because
chronic stress can lower your immunity to all disease, noise pollution is a
general threat to health and wellness.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
a. Headache due to continuous exposure of sound.
b. Increase in the rate of heart-beat.
c. Narrowing of arteries.
d. Pain in heart.
e. Digestive spasms through anxiety.
f. Lowering of concentration and effect on memory.
g. Muscular strain and nervous breakdown.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
a. Depression and fatigue which considerably reduces the efficiency of a
person.
b. Insomnia as a result of lack of undisturbed and refreshing sleep.
c. Straining of senses and annoyance as a result of slow but persistent noise
from motorcycle, alarm clock, cell bells, telephone rings and so on.
d. Affecting of psychomotor performance of a person by a loud sound. e.
Emotional disturbance.

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Below is a table describing the effects observed in various decibel:

Noise (dB) Effects Observed

0 Threshold of audibility
110 Stimulation of reception of skin
120 Pain threshold
130-135 Nausea, vomiting etc.
140 Pain in ear, prolonged exposure causing insanity
150 Change in pulse rate
160 Minor permanent damage if prolonged
190 Major permanent damage in short time

DISEASES:
High blood pressure (Hypertension) and Coronary Artery disease (Heart
disease).

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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
The following table describes noise levels in different cities across the Odisha.

City Noise level (dB)

Puri 100 to 180
Bhubaneswar 90 to 170
Cuttack 100 to 160
Nayagarh 100 to 120
Jeypore 90 to 110
Sambalpur 80 to 160
Balasore 100 to 160
Bolangir 100 to 160
Keonjhar 90 to 170
Phulbani 80 to 115
Rourkela 110 to 170
Berhampur 80 to 120

dB =decibel
Maximum acceptable sound levels in dB inside the buildings:
a. Film, broadcasting, T.V., studies- 30
b. Concrete hall and theaters- 35
c. Hospitals, hotels- 40
d. Office, libraries- 45
e. Shops and banks- 50

f. Restaurants- 55
g. Market- 72 to 82
h. A marriage procession- 80

i. Public meeting- 85 to 95
j. Dropping of a pin on floors- 02

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NOISE CONTROL STRATEGIES
Noise control methods generally broken into three parts:
1. Noise control at source,
2. Noise control along the path to receiver,
3. Noise control at the receiver.
1. Noise control at source:
The noise pollution can be controlled at the source of generation by applying the
below techniques:

 Reducing the noise levels from domestic sectors, such as radio, television,
DVD players, washing machines, mixers. It can be reduced by their
selective and judicious operation.
 Regular servicing and tuning, i.e. , maintenance of automobiles will reduce
the noise levels.
 The vibrations of materials may be controlled using proper foundations,
rubber padding etc. to reduce the noise levels.
 Speaking at low voices while communication reduces the excess noise
levels.
 Permission of using loudspeakers in the habitant zone except for
important functions should be prohibited.
 Proper lubrication and maintenance of machines, vehicles etc. will reduce
noise levels.
2. Noise control at path:
Once sound has left a source and get established in the surrounding medium,
either air or structure, of the building, it would travel some distance before
reaching the point at which the noise nuisance will take place. When this
situation arises, certain steps have to be taken to reduce the transmission of
noise as it travels down the path.
Alternatively, vibration energy may transmit through building structure, directly
and may arise from direct excitation from the source, where a noise source has
been directly coupled with conducting path.
Following are some of the ways by which we can reduce transmission:
Multiple layers, sound absorbing materials, design of building, installation of
panels or enclosures and so on.

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3. Noise Control at Receiver:
Noise has been received by people and more exceptionally by delicate
instrumentation and it is often necessary to control the noise level received. This
is normally achieved by treating the room or area within which the receiver is
situated and we therefore have to study the acoustic of these situation.
Permissible Noise Level: There exists a little opportunity for noise control of
the receiver. Normally by setting permissible noise level have been set for the
receiver and engineering technique must be used at the source and in order to
limit the exposure of the receiver. On the basis of permissible sound levels, the
city areas are usually divided into four zones. The permissible sound levels are-

Zones Day Night

Industrial 75 dB 65 dB

Commercial 65 dB 55 dB

Residential 55 dB 45 dB

Sensitive zone (upto 100 m. 50 dB 40 dB

around hospitals, educational institutions)

Personal Hearing Protection:

Devices like ear plugs can be used to reduce the intensity of the noise. By
rotating the job between the workers at a particular noise source or isolating a
person, the advance impact can be reduced.
Administrative Technique:

Regulations prescribe that, noise level of 90 dB for more than 8 hour continuous
exposure is prohibited. Persons who are working under such conditions will be
exposed to occupational health hazards. The schedule of the workers should be
planned in such a way that their exposure to the high noise levels should be
reduced.

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CONCLUSION:
The earth is polluted with several polluted materials. We need to be careful to
reduce the pollution across the globe, because this is our world and we have the
responsibility to save the world. We have to prevent the sources from which the
pollution is scattering in the environment. The government of several nations is
stepping up to reduce this pollution and making all new acts, we as a responsible
citizen have to obey those rules and help them preventing the pollution. If the
general public does not obey the rule, no one is going to die except us. So we
need to be careful and responsible to save the environment, save the earth.

 We should try to low the volume of TV, radio or DVD players.

 We should not cross the limit of blowing the loudspeakers in the public
places.
 We should not blow horns of vehicles in the sensitive areas like hospitals,
schools, college, other educational or health organizations.
 If somebody is feeling that he/she having some problem with ear or heart,
he/she must go to a specialist for a medical check-up at the initial stage.

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