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ABSTRACT:
Mutual fund is an association that pools funds from investors and invests scientifically in various securities to form efficient portfolio. The present paper tests to ascertain the risk return
relationship of ten mutual funds of different open-ended schemes for the period from Jan 01, 2017 to Dec 31, 2017. Daily Net Asset Values (NAV) of different schemes have been used to
calculate the returns, standard deviation, median, variance, skewness and kurtsis. The result shows that 10 percent of the sample mutual fund scheme is having high return and less risk, 10
percent of the sample mutual fund scheme is having negative returns and 80 percent of the sample mutual fund schemes are having high risk and less return, This will be helpful to the investors
to ascertain risk- return relationship in Indian mutual funds.
INTRODUCTION:
Mutual funds are collections of money and invest in stocks, bonds, and other financial assets that are owned by a group of investors. Mutual funds provide many important benefits to investor;
these benefits particularly apply to investors who are just beginning to invest. Since a mutual fund can include hundreds of different securities, the performance of the fund is not dependent on
any single security the risk is spread among the various securities. Investors invest money and get the units as per the unit value which we called Net Asset Value (NAV).
Mutual fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in diversified portfolio management, good research team, professionally managed Indian
stock as well as foreign market, the main aim of fund manager is to taking the scrip that have under value and future well rising, then fund manager sell out the stock.
Fund manager concentration on risk –return trade off of the portfolio. The most common features of the mutual fund unit are low cost. Developed countries research studies by John (1974)
found that on an average the fund managers appeared to keep their portfolios within the stated risk. Some funds in the lower risk group possessed higher risk than funds in the most risky group.
Henriksson (1984) found that mutual fund managers were not able to follow an investment strategy that successfully times the return on the market portfolio. Grinblatt and Titman (1989) found
that some mutual funds consistently realize abnormal returns by systematically picking stocks that realize positive excess returns. Vincent (1995) found that an evidence of positive relation
between flows and subsequent. Jayadev (1996) found that performance of two growth-oriented mutual funds namely Mastergain and Magnum express by using monthly returns. Jensen, Sharpe
and Treynor measures have been applied in the study and the pointed out that according to Jensen and Treynor measure Mastergain have performed better and the performance of Magnum was
poor according to all three measures. Gupta Seghal (1998) found that the performance of 80 schemes managed by 25 mutual funds, 15 in private sector and 10 public sectors for the time period
of June 1992-96 found that mutual fund industries portfolio diversification has performed well. But its supported the consistency of performance. Rao (2002) found that performance open ended
mutual fund and found out that open ended mutual funds have been better returns than others and some of the funds provided excess returns over expected returns based on both premium for a
systematic risk and total risk. Sapar and Narayan (2003) found that the performance of Indian mutual fund in a Bear market through relative performance index, risk-return analysis, Treynor’s
ratio, sharp’s ratio, sharp’s measure, Jensen’s measure and fama’s measure with a sample of 269 open ended schemes (out of total schemes of 433) and found that the mutual fund schemes in the
sample of 58 were able to satisfy investor’s expectations by giving excess returns over expected returns based on both premium for a systematic risk and total risk. Agarwal (2007) found that
performance of mutual fund industry affected by saving and investment habits of the people at the second side confidence and loyalty of the fund manager and rewards. Afza and Rauf (2009)
found that open-ended Pakistani mutual fund performance using the quarterly data for the period of 1996-2006. The study measure the fund performance by using Sharpe ratio with the help of
pooled time-series and cross sectional data and also focused on different attributes such as fund size, expenses, age, turnover and liquidity. The results found significant impact on fund
performance. Soumya, Ashok and Chakrabarti (2009) found that the mutual funds generated positive monthly returns on the average, during the study period of January 2000 through June
2005. The Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) funds lagged the growth funds or all funds taken together, with respect to returns generated. The mean returns of the growth funds or all
funds were not only positive but also significant. The ELSS funds also demonstrated marginally higher volatility (standard deviation) than the Growth funds. Kavita (2009) found that
comparison of ELSS funds on the basis of return, risk (Standard Deviation, Beta, Alpha, Sharpe ratio) with its benchmarks SandP.CNX Nifty. Nidhi and Ravi (2010) found that Mutual fund
organizations have responsibility towards investors to provide them optimal returns using their abilities to efficiently tap market timings along-with desired diversification. Garg (2011)
found that performance on the basis of return, standard deviation, beta as well as Treynor, Jensen and Sharpe indexes. The study also used Carhart’s four-factor model for analyze the
performance of mutual funds. The results revealed that Reliance Regular Saving Scheme Fund had achieved the highest final score and Canara Robeco Infra had achieved the lowest final score
in the one year category. Debashish (2011) found that Franklin Templeton and UTI are the best performance and BSL, HDFC and LIC mutual funds showing poor below average performance
when measured against the risk- return relationship models.
OBJECTIVES:
To ascertain the risk and return relationship of Indian mutual fund schemes.
METHODOLOGY:
Data and sample:
The sample of the study has included scheme wise performance of various mutual fund schemes. Data pertaining to the performance of the funds were drawn from secondary sources through
data published by Association of Mutual Fund in India (AMFI), mutualfundsindia.com, moneycontrol.com and BSE.com, mutual funds books, journals and websites of other mutual funds.
hi d h ik d l i hi f lf d ll df 201 01 201 b 31
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This study proposes to test the risk and return relationship of mutual funds. Data collected from 2017 January 01 to 2017 December 31.
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Calculation of Returns: The daily returns of the mutual funds will be computed by using the following equation.
RPt = NAVt – NAVt-1/ NAVt-1
Where, Rpt is return on fund
NAVt is the Net Asset value of the scheme at the end of‘t’,
NAVt-1 is Net Asset value of the scheme at the end of the month‘t-1’.
Risk:
Standard deviation is a measure of risk. The standard deviation, variance, median, skewness, kurtsis of mutual fund has been calculated as under Table 2
REFERENCES:
1. Afza, Talat and Rauf, Ali “Performance Evaluation of Pakistani Mutual Fund”. Pakistani Economic and Social Review, 47(2), 2009, pp199-214.
2. Deepak Agarwal “Measuring Performance of Indian Mutual fund” International Journals of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences 5(3), 2007, pp 361-370
3. Garg, Sanjay A Study on “Performance Evaluation of Selected Indian Mutual Funds”. International Journal of Innovation Creativity and Management (IJICM), 1(1), 2011, pp 1-10.
4. Grinblatt. Market andTitman. Sheridin. “Mutual Fund Performance: An Analysis of Quarterly Portfolio Holdings”, Journal of Business, . 62 (3), 1989, pp393-416.
5. Gupta O.P and Seghal Sanjay. “Investment Performance of Mutual fund: The Indian experience”, ICFAI Journal of Applied Finance, 3(1), 1996, pp661-669
6. Henriksson Roy.D.“Market Timing and Mutual Fund Performance: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Business part1, 1984, pp73-96.
7. Jayadev, M. Mutual Fund Performance: “An Analysis of Monthly Returns. Finance India”, 10 (1), 1996, pp 73-84.
8. John G. Mc Donald, “Objectives and Performance of Mutual Funds 1960-1967”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 1974, pp311-33.
9. Kavita Chavali, “Investment performance of equity – linked saving schemes” Indian Journal of Finance, III (2) 2009.
10. Nidhi Walia and Ravi Kiran ,"Efficient Market Hypothesis, Price volatility and performance of Mutual Funds Efficient Market Hypothesis,’ Price volatility and performance of Mutual Funds”, Global Journal of Management and Business
Research, 10, (2),2010 pp42-50.
11. Sapar, Rao and Madava, Ravindra, “Performance Evaluation of Indian mutual fund” International Refereed Research Journal, III,3(3), (2003) pp48
12. Satya swaroop debashish,“Investigating Performance of Equity- based Mutual Fund Schemes in Indian Scenario”, KCA Journal of Business Management, . 2(2), 2009.
13. S Narayan Rao “Performance Evaluation of Indian mutual funds” IITB, Chennai(2002)
14. Sowmya Guha, , “Downside Risk Analysis of Indian Equity Mutual Funds: A Value at Risk Approach” International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, ISSN 1450-2887(2), 2009.
15. Vincent A. Warther. “Aggregate Mutual Fund Flows and Security Returns”, Journal of Financial Economics, 39, 1955, pp209-235.
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