Here are the shortcuts and hotkeys of VLC Media Player:

File Operations

CTRL + O : Open a single file

CTRL + SHIFT + O : Open multiple files
CTRL + F : Open folder
CTRL + D : Open disk
CTRL + N : Open network stream
CTRL + C : Open capture device
CTRL + V : Open location copied in the clipboard
CTRL + R : Convert and save file
CTRL + S : Stream your media locally or on the internet

Program Operations

CTRL + Q or ALT + F4 or ALT + Q : Quit

CTRL + E : Open the adjustment and effects menu
CTRL + SHIFT + W : VLM Configuration
CTRL + M : Open the message screen
CTRL + P : Open the preferences menu
F1 : Help
SHIFT + F1 : About

Playing Operations

SPACE : Play and Pause a file

N : Next Track
P : Previous Track
F or F11 or Mouse Double Click : Full screen mode on and off
CTRL + H : Switch minimal interface on and off
T : Show current and remaining time information
CTRL + T : Go to a specific time of a playing media
P : Go and play from the start of a file
S : Stop movie
Esc : Full screen exit
E : Switch to next frame
L : Loop off, one or all
R : Random on and off

Subtitles

G : Decrease subtitle delay

H : Increase subtitle delay
V : Cycle through subtitles

Playing Speed

[ : Decrease playing speed

] : Increase playing speed
= : Normal playing speed

Quick Forward and Backward

SHIFT + RIGHT ARROW : 3 seconds forward

SHIFT + LEFT ARROW : 3 seconds backward
ALT + RIGHT ARROW : 10 seconds forward
ALT + LEFT ARROW : 10 seconds backward
CTRL + RIGHT ARROW : 1 minute forward
CTRL + LEFT ARROW : 1 minute backward

Display Options

A: Cycle aspect ratio

C : Cycle through crop display area
Z : Cycle through zoom mode
D : Deinterlace On and Off
O : Switch to original size of the video
W : Wallpaper mode on (with DirectX output)

Sound and Audio Operations

CTRL + UP ARROW or Mouse Scroll Up : Volume Up

CTRL + DOWN ARROW or Mouse Scroll Down : Volume Down
J : Decrease audio delay
K : Increase audio delay
B : Cycle through available audio tracks
M : Mute sound on and off
Shift + A : Cycle through audio devices

Media Information

CTRL + I : View and edit media information like title, artist, album
CTRL + J : View codec information like your media dimensions, audio and video
codecs

Playlist Operations

CTRL + L : Switch to playlist or back to media

CTRL + Y : Save current playlist to a file
CTRL + B : Create, delete and clear bookmarks menu.

Disc Operations

Shift + B : Next title

Shift + O : Previous title
Shift + N : Next chapter
Shift + P : Previous chapter
Shift + M : Disk Menu
Shift + H : History forward
Shift + G : History back

Miscellaneous

Shift + R : Start and stop recording

Shift + S : Take snapshot
ALT + C : Crop from bottom
ALT+ SHIFT + C : Uncrop from bottom
ALT + D : Crop from left
ALT + SHIFT + D : Uncrop from left
ALT + F : Crop from right
ALT + SHIFT + F : Uncrop from right
ALT + R : Crop from top
ALT + SHIFT + R : Uncrop from top

File Menu Operations

ALT + M : Open media menu

ALT + L : Open playback menu
ALT + A : Open audio menu
ALT + V : Open video menu
ALT + S : Open subtitle menu
ALT + O : Open tools menu
ALT + I : Open view menu
ALT + H : Open help menu