Final Practice Set 1

Questions 26-36

As many as thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America
were building with adobe-sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like
modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand
people, along with storerooms for grain and other good. These building were usually put up against cliffs,
both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really vilagers and
themselves, as later Spanish explores must have realized, since they called them pueblos, which is Spanish
for towns.

The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters corn, beans and squash. They
made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The
Southwest has always been a dry country where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from
streams to their field and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a
major role in their religion.

The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute
wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They
gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of
today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters
called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the
lordly caribou.
They Chyenne, Pawnee and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands
between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo.
Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and the covering
of their tents and tepees.

26. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. The architecture of early American Indian building
b. The movement of Americans Indians across North America
c. Ceremonies and rituals of Americans Indians
d. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America

27. According to the passage, the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes
a. in valleys
b. next to streams
c. on open plains
d. against cliffs

28. The word “They” in line 6 refers to

a. Goods

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 b. Buildings
c. Cliffs
d. Enemies

29. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were
a. very small
b. highly advanced
c. difficult to defend
d. quickly constructed

30. The author uses the phrase ”the three sisters” in line 8 refers to
a. hopi women
b. family members
c. important crops
d. rain ceremonies

31. The word “scarce” in line 10 is closest in meaning to

a. Limited
b. Hidden
c. Pure
d. Necessary

32. Which of the following is true of the Shoshone and Ute?

a. They were not as settled as the Hopi and Zuni
b. They hunted caribou
c. They built their homes with adobe
d. They did not have many religious ceremonies

33. According to the passage, which of the following groups lived in the grasslands?
a. The Shoshone and Ute
b. They hunted caribou
c. They built their homes with adobe
d. They did not have many religious ceremonies.

34. Which of the following animals was most important to the Plains Indians?
a. The salmon
b. The caribou
c. The seal
d. The bison

35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a dwelling place of early North
Americans?

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 a. Log cabins
b. Adobe houses
c. Tepees
d. Igloos

36. The author groups North American Indians according to their

a. names and geographical regions
b. arts and crafts
c. rituals and ceremonies
d. date of appearance on the continent

Final Practice Set 2

Questions 37-46

If the salinity of the ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.
Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a
change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of
evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the
salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean.
Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or
in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus, salinity may be increased by the subtraction of
water by evaporation or decreased by the addition of freshwater by precipitation or runoff.

Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher
than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions
where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of
sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly
beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when
this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea, off
Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases
the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the
world.

37. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. The elements of salt
b. The bodies of water of the world
c. The many forms of ocean life
d. The salinity of ocean water

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38. The word “this” in line 5 refers to
a. Ocean
b. Evaporation
c. Salinity
d. Crystals

39. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in
a. Coastal areas
b. Tropical areas
c. Rainy areas
d. Turbulent areas

40. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT
a. Evaporation
b. Precipitation
c. Runoff
d. Melting

41. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body of water can be inferred from the
passage?
a. The temperature of the water is the most important factor.
b. The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
c. Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
d. Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water

42. The world “altered” has the closest in meaning to

a. Determined
b. Changed
c. Accumulated
d. Needed

43. The word “it” in line 19 refers to

a. Sea ice
b. Salinity
c. Seawater
d. Manner

44. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?

a. To show that this body of water has salinity variations
b. To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
c. To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing

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 d. To point out the location of deep waters

45. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?
a. The salt remains in the water.
b. The surrounding water sinks.
c. Water salinity decreases.
d. The water becomes denser.

46. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?
a. It is relatively warm.
b. Its salinity is relatively high.
c. It does not move.
d. It evaporates quickly.

Final Practice Set 3

Questions 47-50

The canopy ,the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing

mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and

porcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels ,are not

Line as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.

(5) Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulent

environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit

of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly. Thus, in

the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may fluctuate, a

small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.

(10) Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy for

insects, flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are surpassed, in the competition for food,

by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight

of a gibbon (a small ape) hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down so that

fruit-bearing foliage drops toward the gibbon’s face. Walking or leaping species of a

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(15) similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping off and retrieving the

whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail and plucking food with

their hands.

Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large

climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that typify the

(20) high canopy. A macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve

a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard, even bouncing

on a climb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a small animal is

seriously reduced by the air friction against the relatively large surface area of its body.

Finally, for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds

(25) an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic, since trees that

yield these foods can be sparse.

37. The passage answers which of the following questions?

a. How is the rain forest different from other habitats?
b. How does an animal’s body size influence an animal’s need for food?
c. Why does the rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals?
d. Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?

38. Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?
a. Monkeys
b. Cats
c. Porcupines
d. Mice

39. The word “they” in line 4 refers to

a. Trees
b. climbing mammals of moderately large size
c. smaller species
d. high tropical canopies

40. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain
forest?
a. They have body shapes that are adapted to life in the canopy.
b. They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments.

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c. They have difficulty with the changing conditions in the canopy.
d. They use the trees of the canopy for shelter from heat and cold.

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