Chapter 38 Logarithms 对数

Properties Example
1. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐
可以写成
log 𝑎 𝑐 = 𝑏
2. log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1

3. log 𝑎 1 = 0

4. log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥

5. 𝑏log𝑎 𝑥 = x

log𝑏 𝑥
6. log 𝑎 𝑥 =
log𝑏 𝑎

7. log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑟 = 𝑟 log 𝑎 𝑥

8. log 𝑎 (𝑥 𝑦) = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦

𝑥
9. log 𝑎 ( ) = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦
𝑦
Convert the following to logarithmic form / index form:
1. 73 = 243 1
2. 8−3 = 512

3
3. log13 169 = 2 4. log 3 √27 = 2

5. 54 = 625 1
6. ( )0 = 1
2

3
7. log 3 9 = 2 8. log 25 125 = 2

Find the value of 𝑥 in each of the following:

1. Given that log 4 𝑥 = 2, find 𝑥.

2. Given that log 𝑥 27

64
= 3, find 𝑥.
3. Given that log 2(2𝑥 − 3) = 3, find 𝑥.

4. Given that log 2𝑥 4 = 1, find 𝑥.

5. Given that log 31𝑥 81 = 2, find 𝑥.

6. Given that log10(3 𝑥 + 250) = 3, find 𝑥.

7. Given that log 𝑥 √125 = 32, find 𝑥.

8. Given that log 4 128𝑥 = 3, find 𝑥.

Evaluate the following
1. log13 169 2. log5 625 3. log2 128

4. log8 4 5. log27 243 6. log2 √8

1
7. log7 343 8. log9 13 1
9. log3 81

10. log8 2 11. log25 625 12. log2 4√2

Given that log 2 3 = 1.585 , log 2 5 = 2.333 𝑎𝑛𝑑 log 2 7 = 2.807, find the values of the
following:

1. log 2 12 2. log 2 105

3. log 2 3.5 4. log 2 0.5

5. log 2 √21 6. log 2 3√243

7. log 2 15 8. log 2 2.1

9. log 2 3√3 10. log 2 √6

Given that 𝑝 = log 𝑎 𝑥 , 𝑞 = log 𝑎 𝑦 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = log 𝑎 𝑧, express the following in
terms of p, q and r.
𝑥
1. log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑦 2. log 𝑎
𝑦

3. log 𝑎
𝑥𝑦 5 4. log 𝑎 (𝑥 3𝑦𝑧 5 )2
𝑧

𝑦5
𝑧
6. log 𝑎 ( 3√𝑥𝑦𝑧)2
5. log 𝑎 3
√𝑎

𝑧
7. log 𝑎
𝑥 √𝑦
8. log 𝑎 𝑎2 ( )2
𝑧 𝑥𝑎𝑦 3

𝑧 √𝑦 10. log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦𝑧

9. log 𝑎
𝑎𝑥
Evaluate the following term by changing their base.
1. log 4 32 2. log √3 9

3. log 1 125 4. log 36 √6

25

5. log 9 243 6. log 216 6

7. log 81 √3 8. log 49 7
Simplify:
1. log 5 27 × log 7 125 2. log 3 16 × log 8 9

7 log11 25×log27 11
3. log 5 25 + log5 35 − log 5 5 4. log9 5

2 log3 27×log7 125

5. (log 5 5 + log5 5) × (log5 √5 − log 5 125) 6. log49 25
Chapter Review Exercise