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1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS subse 0n yartubie, BF 1 dectn (€) = -1.602 x10" 0 Genginerdinatn 4 Coulomb (C) = ~ © 24 x10" decttong -_ da | . =) tdt Le carent le ae } 4 db, i qe chovge, = 4 Culmb pO ‘mre (A) = 4 Sale. (ee) 5 Alessandro ar j we energy Antonio Toul J Noltoa vol, WX)= 4 al (=) : ti = Cw Fea [sf ecm 1 wot: OV)= 1 “second day (2) Conwy 8 Sion Onn Ph me a > R + power — alosorved =? FW . T= current (4) 4 Ni= Noltoge (Y) b=0 R= veastorce, (2) tw a\< Subsorlbe.0n youtube, Rf P= resistvity (2m) . Gengynerdmat Bees 7 = lengih om A = cross-sectondl area Can = — oi G= wnduckanee P= Vr = “= Tr--5 + V6 y Cin fvemens) eG: Ve node, node 2. ode. 3 ELECTRICAL tyateh} NETWORK) ode p= no. Of branch, b= Lt n-1] Lema logs N= Mo. of odes R= Rat Rat wit Ry Te TE Lv a Ne = WA NaF nt Ny Ry Ve MP Ret Roturt Ru subserte-00 youtube 2.5 Gengwnordmath R.- —_—__|_ 7 TRG R Ry Vee We Na* ut Ri Ty T,t Ltut Vy 7 Is ae er R, QR R [EY=0] @ alg + voltage, when the cucrent, wrtels He pusitive wovity Croltage drep’) = yoltage when e outrent unvers the neysinie platy (oelhye ise) SNp= O =Vy tNLtVa7 Vy 4+\V5 =0 4 Subsorilve, 00, yprtube Afb @engnerdmnatn Ohm’s Law Subset be. 001 vyprtube, 2. ase Curren N-CKCL) @enginerdmath . bg Z=0] @ o node ti h ov . . by ZLertereg” ZDscoing lo @ o node ls SIT ~0 @ wode A sum Of currently entering Onde br Benen * Soy equal s the sama of putters 5 ome keonnng the same node - byt bs (ye lat \s br tlynls =O PHNAWE fa ANNE DELTA R= ReRe © | Ree Rika t Rak t RoR, "Rat Rot Re Ra yn. — Rake Rp» BRat Reka BR = Rat Ry tRe R, R,~ —Be8.— Re = Fiat Ra®t BR Rat Rot Re Rs & subseribe-on yartube, 26 @enginerdinatn Solution: DI-0 © supernode: Na- Ni Na_ + No + L,=0 Ry RR hay RYE © supernade Loup : ZN=0 Na-Vi-N=9 —s Ppen the superinech and ope KYL 29. 1To ‘B09 (2) \ov Nolution: ee Z\-0 B supernes\) aT el. 4 (4t@)l, -3l,= 0 ZI-0 @ meq Zl~o @ wieb g =1.-T, 38r,= 1,713 ZV=0 @ mecha (442)1, - 41, + |o=0 Cirants wr parely independent cuvent spuvce, (w/o independent, or depordent ~wltage suite, of dependent cunvertt source.) YR L@® Q)L, Node Equations: fH ayo tek IM a ‘1 yy = & kk ‘ ‘) \, i, tA t 8 Subsoribe, on yortuloe hb Gengmerdinath Ke Gorn with parely wndependent independent. ~ooye soates, (w/o Widependentc/ dependent current SoUce. oF depondent voltage. sone.) AW ANN R, Ry V GG ER, GQ On R Re AN Medn Equations « RtRIR) ~ 8, | A ; | L- Rs + (Rat Rut Rs) | LE LM 1) Twn off all independent purces eicegt oe sowte dt q time. Keep Ne deperdertt sources ON a) Repeat step | Fit eadn of the ober independent sunroe, 3) Find the total tontiibutiens vy add ing algeloically all the wntyibutions, due + the indepondent soutes. TE the sources ate vat ideal cage the twned Off sources ny $Reir ynternal. esistarces . subscribe. on yarbuloe, Rf Genginerdmatn Ne- No= sR oe Lee op a Get the open Natage, ours he terminal a-b (vn) Rea Cek Rm aurss o-b by tang of wegen Vn ER. dont songs. Tf there is a depentatt: spurte, bp pt ar ovary Noktage,| cuvtent spwte aunss = fecmndls 0-0 ;wtth desired Nalye say \= IN Ri then soe Pre civont for Ty hen Rue mae” \n caw of ron Beal sources change then nto near wnbervial reastonces, when turned oft Ye, @enjinerdmath D hos infinte- \oup gain , hw 0 2) hos infinite \wput vesislance , R, = 00 3) hos ter vutlmut ristance, R. * O : ‘Ny Rey fe fen Vo (i ve Le ds Vo = Ve Ve Subsoribe on youtube, AP @enginerdinatn Summing Maglfier ag, R, \W yew ey Oe = aa R Mt Re WoW = N= ~ (Beni Beat wt Re) Ny = AyO\-a) Ay= 4 a Subcribe 09 youtube, Rf . Genginerdmath —t— yo? distance \{n glates C= = » C= area | | metal pice mF ‘ dheledn r v ror \ Farad UF) = y nipamiboty \\ — . bee Oa Michae) a tJ, be db + Vite) Faraday Pe Veber GYe at Lay =a We xe. = IC Dk copacttor is open arcuk tb DC 2) The voltage on a capacrtur must be contaamns . A dis corkvunas charge in roltege requies an finite, current which is pgp cally Imposs ble wot deal capacity’ N\\WN> leakage. resistance, me . 2 Con ey) We Subsorilte, 09 yortuloe, Kf Gengnerdmath N, G Cc, Cu V® CG Ca en ! . TX (< Qry= Q.= Qy= = Qn Ty Ny =, + Nit nit Ny = Tye 1,7 T,707 In Q, * CNG wen [Ore tt Ct ten + \ L Me fle |e le tata t Qn L@yo & Cy ; Nee Nye Na a7 Nn Ir Tye Tb Tatet QO - CN; rn eS Wa +4 orca A AL Let We Tt ta a by) Myr Rea 8) = 12S Subscribe, 00 youtube, Kft Bengynerdinath ALL O 7 \ t - : (= Lf wade + (ts) q = - Je oseph Keeney Be Mle Lids ) An buco wks Hes short civoutt 4 NC 2) The current through 0 on rduchor cary vol change \ngtantanenusl A discortinasus charye vn cutie throug the ductor reqs i te Yoltage yhich is rot pryscally posible. not-tdeal inductor L ar winding recistarve, wa ST windy ourtance: oo any OF Ly = Lathytint Ly Ne = NAN LE at Ne T= Tae T= w= In Subsoribe, on uprtube Lf G@enginerdinatn Lea A a Le: oe = Na ye =Nw Yrs Te: z Tt +n at + Ws Nb = ~ He 44, vila 4 at) We RO aN subscribe 0n yortube, Rf @enqinerdmath Nb = Ve (s) ‘ ‘s Ur M ‘ hi, hwy: ve“ ‘natural Wesponse. CF. y 3k F=RC|— hme caste \ “ % 36.8% of No shew tT) yin After SGD, the oltage, is ot heady sate, VU) 4 1% of No Power dissipated yn resishr “Se Ay Pr ple) = Ulg= Wee R = Ne ey subsetilve on yputulble, fb RO Bounce Wx [ods = eae ~ 2 fy Wett)= JF eat = f eM at ; aR & o Wao) CN ule Note: as $0, \s He catte as Wo) (dissipated yn the ssh) wsubserie 09 youtuloe, Rf @enginerdinath 1) Find the inibral voltage ICS)=V, aanss the capacitor 2) Find he thine, wastant TD ; For R= get the Thenetin vesistarve, aunes capacity form nals, Iy= Ti) Ty [w= Lee 2 | ate pe ve (i . ZR Se = > me instant Val = IRs TRE = 2 2 ad) = Vp =D Re © De = RU 2 *F) Nee: gg $00» Water) — ELD” 1) Find the inital cument Uts)=7, Anrougn Whe ynduckor 2) Find the thine, umstant TD; For R= get the Thevenin resistance, aungs induc term nals, Subseries on youtube 206 @enginerdmat D t Ult ~bo)) % + weedy) Ulett) = ‘ - rt 4 td-te ‘ © \mp ise Nv) bed sie : Ala et "ted 1 . »t20 SP swat= — sheng S of (k)S (e-teat = Ue) — sampling of sitting J fu) sc dt = Fl) 7° subsetibe on youtube Bb “unt vamp Function: re) Seghaanan rit) = ie sae Y + yr2d d fasts t (4-4) = * tet. $-t, ,t2t - $ 0 by ttt) = | Sat _ tet, teh =k 7 capaci tor’ Wee (0) — wwe elhage T=RC —= bnne anstant WK) - Le »tv 3 Find the bmne constant, 7, R= Rya ours Lamina Of Capcity N)= Yo + Cvey— woe 2) Subsofilbe 00 youtube, Jb 2 ss REGITS @engnerdmnatin ANY 2 ductor’ S, e T= UL le) ~— intial current \k © oN V 3 Je = —> hme constant, 1) Find the initial induct ouvrent C6) , t @) “ak L The solution of DE takes the firm t= kes © SubsAhung dis. (A ® + tos = Ss Bao + O 23 Subserie-0n youtube, Rf Sabving ft: Gengirerdnath _R RNA = “Sr * (4) -Te Qe (= eA Sy OL 2) TE ov if we bet S- btm 8 = ol Nat ullere? of - BR ard W,= 1 ar Vie damping Fach resonant /undamped Sequony DAMPING — gradual. loss of shied -cwtewyy dle to resistance, Kroter frm of @ ig et + Ist WO =0 — © critica) equahsys , Sit “ St i= Aye i.e be J [lt)= La t Ue Sat iu) > he'+ Ae Ayard A, aie deterenined using Uo) ard ap “We 3 infer thee types of sclutions: ee )WA>0, Gy) ee ~ the voots of the hal cn ave. veal and uitegia (iu) = Me" + Me" tte) ~ 4 DM A= Wo (ae 0 ase ~ the eoots are real ard Legal Ule)= (CAs + At) o- Ww ; as —— bite Hime onstanit DM AK< We , ji Si= K+ oY = KF SOM S25 -K~ N-G-a*) = —ob =} Wa where: )> N=) and a= NT Dds™ a Samping, Frequeney tu): Ae ~(A—Jwayt =CA+)Wat ) 243 eet (hey, a, e*) ~ ‘ subsoflee on yibe, Lf Fom Euler's \derty Gerginerdmath . Sp ° e” = cosd +") sin® j e = as —) sind ile) = Say Coastaat Hsin cout) + An Coast snot] = o* [@.+A,) coswWat + tha A.) smwat i) = © "CB, swat + B, snwdat >) Note: The respone \s a ime onstant a and a goriod - TT of T= arg | ‘ ahh \ Ie RSy gu oe i,to)= Te ond 0s) =V, = Sep @ mde V lig + bak le =O — 16 subsorbe, on yortalie hoo V & av = @engiwerdinath wt Tl vet CeO Difterentiahrg wv a =o— ae ttt OSGeo —8 ayy aah + ve do] —-® dk?" RC dk obtaining chara ctor iatic equation ‘ os tar er = he st Sya = “she, 2 = A} Gey Sya2 ol t Ne oe a= 1 Wo = 1 zee’ Ne The pa a Cases. edcase) (AX >We) st sot Vie)= Aree + ALS a Cay (a= Wid vw) th = (het nee subsorilbe 09 youtuloe, foo @enginerdinath Si2 =A +j Wd Wa Vws- a> VUE) = we (Ay cos Wat + h, 810044 ) The wrehans Py and fy ore deterred from mitial value. Uwe) and ae ) To find gual | fom a. () iu), Nt) _ “a + bot Ce Te \ s die) => ge tet eke Vis) _ _ Vet RE _. ak RCE © eho \s © a Cc —-Y Aedyng RVL = [Voz DO — avout lovp Nei Nit N= Ys 2¢ Subserbe 09 youtube, 2.0 oy . Genginerdnat Lat + Rut vo No ) but |= eb Srginerdinat Ns ay, Re ic + AL. ae lt oe The sclution takes tie frm: \ne) = Vy be) + Vast) Aronsient t { Steady state. regpense weapon V,(E) isthe same as the fransiertl resgonte. Ge que Fee rants Ue) = Ave Rye" — vvetngad “A WW) = (Mt AEE eattialy.dongd Ve) * (Ants at + A,anwat) eo —» urdordanped —\—— Ve, W) = VO) =‘; Ory, R There-fore VG) =Ne + Aety Nev = DveVa mped VU WE MEA — — evtily doped VW) Yet (Aros Wat + Aonwet) eo —» urerdonged 194 Subst be, on vyottuloe, fb Gengnerdinata The Nalues of Ay and Ay ote obtained frm, wnitial wedi hons \W8) and ay . BQ Se du py Appiying KeL: ST =0 @ mde J ig tiated Save cdt M = Ts but Ve it B diy tay te dk? = RO dak re fire compete solution is (we) + Veal) | | frangent! i Yepnse skady stale, repos subserite- on youtube, ff @engnerdinath l ele) isthe same as the transient response ir sowce Hee divans ig) = Aye + hye’ — owettnmgd . a i= At Re axially. damped * Lyle) = CAnws Wat + Aysnwat)e- — wrderdanped B® - wt) UW) = Ts] gy ge {ti “herefire Le) = Tob Aye} Rye — overage vw= beth hte criticaly- domged : " —dt Ly = Lt Cros at + A,anwat) e —> urderdamped

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