Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900
Itialian Renaissance
Northerern Renaissance
Commercial Revolution
Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Enlightenment
Industrial Revolution
French Revolution
Avignon Papacy
Boccaccio
Jacquerie
Council of Constance
Erasmus
Copernicus
Columbian Exchange
Witch Hunts
Council of Trent
Tycho Brahe
Shakespeare
Dutch Revolt
Blaise Pascal
John Locke
Mississippi Bubble
Voltaire
Rousseau
American Revolution
National Convention
Reign of Terror
The Directory
Individual Dates
John Wycliffe
Diet of Worms
Peace of Augsburg
Edict of Nantes
Pragamatic Sanction
Treaty of Utrecht
Diplomatic Revolution
Storming of Bastille
Types of
Art
Mannerism
Boroque
Neoclassicalism
Rococo
Hundred Years War The Hundred Year's War was a war between England and France over
1337 - 1453 feudal disputes that lasted 116 years, with fighting divided over the course
of that time.
The Black Death A plague from rats imported from ships from Asia that caused the death of
1346 - 1400 1/3 of Europe
Itialian Renaissance Period of relative peace and intellect throughout Italy that lead to a great
1350 - 1527 deal of art and culture, ending with the sacking of Rome
Northerern Renaissance Until 1450, the Italian Renaissance had little effect on Northern Europe.
1450 - 1648 However, ideas began to spread, leading to a Renaissance period in
northern Europe and ending after the Thirty Years' War
Commercial Revolution Period of European colonization and mercantilism which lasted from 1488
1488 - 1776 with the first European sailing around the Cape of Good Hope and ended
around the time of the American Revolution in 1776
Reformation The Protestant Reformation began with Luther's posting of his 95 thesis
1517 - 1648 and lasted until 1648, after the Thirty Years' War
Scientific Revolution Period of Scientific Growth where many 'natural philosophers' studied and
1543 - 1789 learned a great deal about astronomy, biology, and other fields of science.
Agricultural Revolution Period where efficiency of agriculture allowed for better quality of life and
1600 - 1750 eventually lead to the Industrial Revolution
Enlightenment A period of enlightened growth and education leading into more modern
1700 - 1800 society, many philosopher's debated what an ideal society was and what
rights should exist.
Petrach Considered father of Humanism for his humanistic papers and essays.
1304 - 1374
Avignon Papacy A time when the popes (Seven total) resided in Avignon, part of France,
1309 - 1376 and were under influence of France. Lasted until Gregory XI moved the
papacy to Rome.
Jacquerie Revolt during the summer of 1358 in France, Part of the Hundred Years'
March 1358 - July 1358 War
John Hus and the Hussites The Hussites were followers of the ideas of John Hus and were one of the
1403 - 1431 forerunner groups for the reformation
Council of Constance The council held to resolve the dispute over who the pope was. Resolved
1414 - 1418 in decision that Pope Martin V was the true pope.
Copernicus Copernicus was a natural philosopher who was one of the first to propose
1473 - 1543 a formula for a heliocentric ideology.
Columbian Exchange Vast exchange of goods, culture, diseases, and ideas between Europe and
1492 - 1776 the New World, caused by the Commercial Revolution
Witch Hunts Period of 'Hunting Witches' in small towns, using witches as excuses for
1500 - 1750 bad things.
German Peasant Revolts German peasants, inspired by Martin Luther, tried and failed to revolt.
1524 - 1527
King William of Orange the Silent Main leader of the Dutch revolt, excellent politique
1544 - 1584
Council of Trent Catholic attempt to stop the Protestant religion and to reform the Catholic
1545 - 1563 church.
Rule of Mary I of England "Bloody Mary". Very catholic ruler who was disliked in the public view
1553 - 1558 because of her Catholic faith that caused her to execute protestants.
French Wars on Religion Period of fighting within France between Catholics and Protestants
1562 - 1598 (Huguenots) that results in the Edict of Nantes
Dutch Revolt The revolts of the protestant Dutch against the Catholic Spain ending in
1568 - 1648 Dutch separation from Spain.
Dutch Golden Age After the Dutch Revolts, dutch trade, science, and are were superior to
1570 - 1650 nearly everyone else's at the time.
Rule of King Henry IV of France Politique who changed his religion and alter policies numerous times in
1589 - 1610 order to keep good control of his citizens. Is rumored to have said, "Paris is
well worth a Mass"
Thirty Years' War The War that ended the Reformation with the Treaty of Westphalia. It had 4
1618 - 1648 stages and was between Catholics and Protestants.
Rule of Charles I of England Levied taxes without parliamentary consent, was considered tyrannical by
1625 - 1649 many, partially responsible for the English Civil War.
John Locke Enlightened thinker who urged that the role of government is to protect
1632 - 1704 the people from themselves. Used idea of Natural Rights, or rights that
everyone should be granted, an idea embraced by the French Revolution.
English Civil War Civil war in England which ended with the execution of King Charles, and
1642 - 1651 the establishment of the Commonwealth by Oliver Cromwell.
Rule of Louis XIV Centralized French government by building and maintaining nobles in
1643 - 1715 Versailles, waged successful wars, revoked the Edict of Nantes
Mississippi Bubble An economic bubble of Denmark that burst when the bank was forced to
1684 - 1720 stop payment on paper noted, destroying their economy.
Voltaire Cynical enlightened thinker who wrote much about the evils of the church
1694 - 1778 and advocated freedom of religion and expression.
War of Spanish Succession War for Spain and France to unite against most of Europe, ended with
1701 - 1714 decision that Philip could be King of Spain, but not of France as well.
Rousseau Possibly the most important figure in the Enlightenment, many of his ideas
1712 - 1779 on the Social Contract influenced French peasantry during the French
Revolution
Rule of Fredrick the Great of Prussia Brilliant military strategist who lead Prussia in any successful campaigns
1740 - 1786 during his reign
Seven Years' War Ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763, marking the beginning of British
1754 - 1763 Dominance outside Europe.
Rule of King Louis XVI of France King of France under whom the Revolution of France occurred, eventually
1774 - 1792 leading to his downfall.
The Great Fear A period in the French Revolution where rumors spread that an armed
July 17, 1789 - August 5, 1789 group of peasants were roaming the countryside as part of the Revolution
National Convention French revolutionary committee which organized the Revolution and the
1792 - 1794 Committee of Public Safety.
Reign of Terror A time when the Committee of Public Safety was executing anyone who
September 5, 1793 - July 28, 1794 they though didn't support the Revolution... Which was about 25,000
people.
Individual Dates
The Golden Bull Established centralization of Holy Roman Empire, gave much power to
1356 Prussia.
John Wycliffe John Wycliffe, founder of the Lollards, translated the Bible into vernacular
1382 English, which sets up some basis for the Protestant reformation.
Invention of the Printing Press Printing press is invented by Gutenberg, revolutionizing the ability to print
1440 books, and spurring the Northern Renaissance.
Ferdinand and Isabella marry King Ferdinand, king of Spain, and Isabella, Queen of Castile, marry to end
October 18, 1469 hostilities between the nations.
Luthers posts his 95 Thesis Martin Luther posts his 95 thesis on a church door, arguing that
October 31, 1517 indulgences are morally wrong. Begins Reformation
Diet of Worms A diet in the Holy Roman Empire which produced the Edict of Worms, that
1521 declared Martin Luther and his following to be outlaws, and his religion
banned.
John Calvin and the Calvinists John Calvin creates Calvinism, a Protestant religion based on pre-
1530 destination
The Prince is Published The Prince, by Machiavelli, is published, explaining what a good ruler
1532 should be.
Peace of Augsburg The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism
1555 and Catholic. Cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire.
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Date when Roman Catholic mobs, during the French Religious War, killed
August 23, 1572 5,000 to 30,000 protestants.
Spanish Armada attacks The failed Spanish attack on England using naval forces. Because of a
August 8, 1588 storm and new technology and tactics, England won decisively.
Edict of Nantes Issued by Henry IV that allowed Calvinists of France many rights in
1598 attempt to promote civil unity.
Principa Mathematica is published Book by Isaac Newton during the Scientific Revolution stating Newton's
1687 Laws of Motion
Pragamatic Sanction An edict issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI to insure his daughter
1713 inherited his land.
Treaty of Utrecht The treaty ending the War of Spanish Succession allowing for Philip to
1713 remain King of Spain, but not King of France.
Estates General is Called and Meets The Estates General meets in Versailles, and ends in the Tennis Court
1789 oath, sparking the French Revolution
Nobles renounce feudal priveledge In order to support the French Revolution and to avoid being persecuted
1789 by the peasants, Franh nobles revoke their feudal power.
Formation of the National Assembly The pivotal group of Third Estates Generals formed a group against the
June 17, 1789 French Monarchy, eventually beginning a revolution.
Tennis Court Oath One of the meetings of the National Convention, the group that began the
June 20, 1789 French Revolution. Happened after the National Convention was forced to
use a Tennis Court after being locked out of their meeting place.
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen The documents that was influenced by the idea of 'Natural Rights' and
August 26, 1789 declared what rights every human should have.
Women's March on Versailles Paris women rioted over high bread prices and so they ransacked the
October 5, 1789 Palace of Versailles, which ended with King Louis XVI to return to Paris
with them.
Constitution of the Year III Constitution ratified by the National Convention to establish the Directory
August 22, 1795
Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon becomes Emperor, and that ends Semester 1!
May 18, 1804
Types of Art
Boroque Style of art that was very grand and furnished. Very ornate.
1580 - 1800
Neoclassicalism Art that was painted in the classical Greek and Roman style, depicting
1750 - 1800 contemporary scenes.