Lubrication and cooling

 Function of oil
- Lubrication
- Cooling
- Cleaning
- protection
-Seals and cushioning

 Function of Lubricating Oils

The engines oil system has two very important roles in the operation of the engine, namely lubrication of
the moving parts, and aiding the cooling of the engine by reducing friction.

 Lubrication system
A typical oil system includes the following components
- Sump or tank holding the unpressurised oil
- Oil pump circulating the oil
- Pressure regulator controlling upper and lower limits of oil pressure
- Filters removing foreign matter
- Oil cooler shedding excess heat from the oil, and
- Oil pressure and temperature gauges displaying system pressure and temperature

There are two types of lubrication systems used in aircraft engines. Both systems concern themselves with
the circulation of oil throughout the engine. The two systems are knowns as:
- The wet sump system, holding the oil within the engine
- The Dry sump system, Holding the oil external to the engine

Dry Sump Lubrication system

In the dry sump lubrication system, oil
is stored in a separate tank, circulated
through the engine , and then returned
to the oil storage tank via a scavenge
pump. Generally, the scavenge pump
has a greater flow capacity than the
pressure pump, to ensure that the
external tank maintain sufficient supply
for the pressure pump

Wet Sump Lubrication system

In the wet sump system, oil is carried in
the lower part of the crankcase called the
sump. An engine driven pressure pump,
draws oil from the sump, passes it through
a pressure regulator valvue, then a
pressure filter and bypass valve. Passing
through an oil cooler, the oil continues
past the oil pressure and temperature
sensing ports before entring the internal
lubrication gallaries. Then once lubrication
is done, oil retuns back to the sump.
 Pitot Static (Pressure) instruments
The three pressure instruments that make use of the pitot and/or static pressure are:

The Altimeter Which Is sensitive to static pressure for altitude indication

The airspeed indicator which determines the difference between total

pressure (dynamic + static pressure) and static pressure to provide indicated air
speed

The vertical speed indicator that relates the rate of change of static pressure to a rate of
climb or descent
 The pitot tube senses total pressure and the aeroplane’s static vent provides the measurement of static
pressure. There are two common arrangements of the pitot/static sensing systems:

- A combined pitot/ static head

- A pitot tube usually on the wing and two static vents on opposite sides of the fuselage