GLOBAL CITY

The 21st century is a hub or closer relation state and for a wider person in technological development.
the became a web where people witness the interconnectivity of nations. thomas friedman that he
made in his book that the world is flat 2005 that there are 3 stages of globalization. the first stage is
called globalization 1.0 that lasted from 1492 to 1800 ande shrunk the world from a size large to size
meduim. the second stage is the age of pixx britannica whos the hegemonic power in terms of a trade
and economy and this is known globalization 2.0 the third stage occurred during the second half of 20th
century the age of pax americana of united states was the hegemonic power in terms of security,trade
and economy. globalization 3.0 the fall of soviet union in the 1980s this became the soul power in the so
called unipolar world this system that developed by the reigning hegemonic states by defeating other
greate powers unlike the 19th and 20th century condition does no
not use the tactics as a primary strategy in maintaining influence over state. soft power according to
joseph nye 2004, that use a different method to establish cooperation attraction. power arises from the
attractiveness of a countries culture, political ideas and policies. he said that attraction has always been
more effective than force, democracy, human rights this are highly persuasive. united states of america
has been employing in soft power in various ways. Gore 2013 he that the world is changing dramatically.
there are six driving forces in this global change, one of this is the emergence of a deeply inter
connected global economy. multinational corporation, a multitude a privileges as a questionable access
amounts of wealth. nation states are the center pieces of the global community, that MNCs threaten
nation states ( gore 2013 ). this is more flexible and independent in comparison to nation states.
therefore MNCs play a pivotal role in the international political community, along side nation states in
their capacity to sustain themselves and considerably to influence the member of international
community. products and goods have intrinsic capability to attract a target market. in a sense of having
capacity to erase and transcend the borders of the world. MNCs in irrefutable continuity of nation
states act a global community. woith this world is atleast figuratively that seem smaller and more
connected. evidence connectivity a concept and manifestation of global city.
The 2021 Global Cities Report captures the impact of COVID-19 and the related lockdown measures on
cities and, for some, the beginnings of an uneven recovery. While historically leading global cities were
by many measures hit hardest by the pandemic, they also demonstrated their resilience and adaptive
capacity. Our analysis indicates they are now best positioned for recovery, with their enduring global
connectivity serving as a foundation for rebuilding and adapting to a changed world.

The resilience of reigning global citiesIn this year’s Global Cities

Index (GCI) results, we saw clear divergences in the trajectories of global cities. Those that were most
globally connected, and often most dependent on their global connectivity and international character,
unsurprisingly were first to be struck by COVID-19. The impact of the pandemic is reflected in the overall
decline in the absolute scores of these leading cities in this year’s results. In contrast, in cities that were
more limited in their global connectivity and cross-border interdependence, the impacts of the
pandemic were less severe. In many cases, these cities even showed improved scores and rankings. Our
analysis suggests that this relative improvement in rankings is primarily a function of the delayed impact
of the pandemic in many of these cities.
Despite the outsized impact of the pandemic on reigning cities in this year’s results, they demonstrated
their resilience. New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo retained the top four positions in the Index—once
again demonstrating the robustness of their diversity of global strengths (see figure 1). Yet there were
changes at the top of the Index. Los Angeles broke into the top five, benefiting from Beijing’s decline in
the face of both the pandemic and the complex shifts in the global trade landscape. Sourcep
A crisis of personal well-being
This year’s forward-looking Global Cities Outlook (GCO) highlights the strong knock-on effects that
healthcare quality has on the future viability of a global city. Reflecting the overwhelming impact of the
pandemic, the personal well-being metrics are the biggest predictors of change in overall GCO scores
and rankings.
Despite an overall drop in scores as a result of the pandemic, the cities holding the top 10 spots stand
largely unchanged. London retains its top spot, with Paris, Munich, and Abu Dhabi each rising three
places to come in at second, third, and fourth respectively and Dublin rounding out the top five (see
figure 2). Regionally, we continue to see Chinese cities on the rise, as North American cities decline—
overtaken for the first time by European cities.

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

-There are many advantages and to living in a city, such as more cultural events, a broader diversity of
people, better medical facilities, more jobs and more restaurants and shopping; however, there are
many disadvantages living in a city, such as overcrowding, higher noise levels, higher cost of living and
higher crime. The global city serves as a hub for production, finance, and telecommunications. Sassen
(2005) outline the different characteristics of globality that maintain it's link to Globalization. Some of
the obvious characteristics of a global city are

1) the cultural diversity of the people

2) existence of a center of economy
3) geographic dispersal of economic activities that marks globalization and
4) global reach performance

According to the 2018 Global Cities Index, New York ranked the highest in terms of the general criteria
i.e , business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political
engagement. New York is followed by London, Paris, Tokyo, and Hong Kong.
Cities are hubs for high economic, commercial, cultural, and times even political activities which can
contribute to human progress and development through collaborative efforts of multicultural individuals
situated there in.
For example the cities of San Francisco and New York in the United States of America were showcased
as global cities that exhibit strength in innovation and strong performance in business activity and
human capital, respectively in 2017 and 2018 by A.T Kearney's .
Global cities house that promote the globalization of markets. As the development of global condition,
cultural diversity of markets among countries arises and the world as people know it is currently in the
state where

People are diverse, yet connected, through the development of multinational corporation, global cities
have been established. The 21st century brought the countries together into global communition. in the
coming decades, the number of global cities will dramatically increase.