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Identify
the
attributes
of a
global
city
(2.)
Analyze
how cities
serve as
engines of
 SOFT POWER

In order to retain one’s dominance and

influence over the less powerful country, states
use its “soft power”. According to Joseph Nye
(2004) who coined the term, states uses
different method to establish cooperation-
attraction. This form of power arises from the
attractiveness of a country’s culture, political
ideals, and policies.
According to Nye, attraction has always
been more effective than force; shared
values such as democracy, human
rights, and individual opportunities are
highly persuasive.

SOFT POWER
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) plays a
substantial role in the global economy and
enjoy a multitude of privileges such as
unquestionable access to vast amount of
wealth they draw from their income,
theoretical immortality to a certain extent,
and the ability to pit themselves against
one another. Nation-states are centerpieces
of the global community to the extent that
MNCs threaten nation-states themselves
(Gore, 2013).
 Here are some ways in which MNCs can
threaten a state:
• ECONOMIC POWER: MNCs can use their
economic power to influence government
policies and regulations in their favor. For
example, they may lobby for lower taxes,
fewer regulations, or subsidies, which can
undermine a state's ability to control its
economy and generate revenue.
 Here are some ways in which MNCs can
threaten a state:
• MARKET DOMINATION: MNCs often have a
dominant market position in certain
industries, which can lead to unfair
competition and harm local businesses. This
can lead to the loss of jobs and revenue,
which can have a negative impact on the
state's economy.
 Here are some ways in which MNCs can
threaten a state:
• ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: MNCs may
engage in activities that harm the
environment, such as pollution or
deforestation, which can have a negative
impact on the state's natural resources and its
citizens' health.
• MNCs and the irrefutable continuity of nation-
states act as key actors of the global
community. With these, the world, at least
figuratively, seems to be smaller and more
connected. The evidence of such connectivity
is the concept and actual manifestation of the
global city.
 Global cities are those that therefore
become effective command-and-
coordination posts for MNCs within a
globalizing world economy. Such cities
have also assumed a governance role at
the local scale and within wider
configurations of what some
commentators have termed the
“glocalization” of state institutions.
Serves as a hub for production,
finance, and telecommunications.
Sassen (2005) outlined the different
characteristics of globality that
maintain its link to globalization.
Cities are hubs for high economic,
commercial, cultural, and at times
even political activities which can
contribute to human progress and
development through collaborative
efforts of multicultural individuals
situated therein.
Global Cities are also perceived as
source of economic growth and are
also economic powerhouses
themselves, couples with being
industry leaders and regional hubs.
Global cities house industries that
promote the globalization of
markets. As the development of
global condition, cultural diversity of
markets among countries arises and
the world as people know it is
currently in the state where people
are diverse, yet connected.
SOME OF THE OBVIOUS
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GLOBAL CITY ARE:
THE CULTURAL
DIVERSITY OF
THE PEOPLE
 EXISTENCE OF A
CENTER OF ECONOMY
GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSAL OF
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES THAT
MARKS GLOBALIZATION
GLOBAL REACH
PERFORMANCE
According to the 2018 Global Cities
Index, New York ranked the highest
in terms of the general criteria i.e.
business activity, human capital,
information exchange, cultural
experience, and political
engagement. New York is followed
by London, Paris, Tokyo, and
Hongkong.
The cities of New York and San
Francisco in the United States of
America were showcased as global
cities that exhibit strength in
innovation and strong performance
in business activity and human
capital, respectively, in 2017 and
2018 by A.T. Kearney’s Global Cities
Report.
Conglomeration of cultures –
multitude of cultures interact with
each other when nation-states and
multinational corporations behave in
a grander scheme. The result of this
constant interaction among a wide
array of cultures is a conglomeration
of cultures in a particular
geographical setting which has been
labelled as the global city.
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