GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY:

A cultural perspectives

INTRODUCTION

Globalization is comsidered a historical process of fast-growing interconnectedness in

every sphere of social, political and economic life, across politicl and national frontiers. It
involves an accelerating pace of global interactions and processes associated with a deepening
enmeshment of the local and the global which results to the increase of population and mobility.

The increasing cross-border and cross-continental movements of people, commodities,

vectors, food, capital, and decision-making power that characterize globalization, together with
global demographic trends, have enormous potential to affect the emergence and spread of
cultures, economic development and governance. The unprecedented volume and speed of
human mobility are perhaps the most conspicuous manifestations of the present era of
globalization. From international tourists to war-displaced refugees, more people are on the
move than ever before. They are also traveling faster and are regularly visiting what used to be
very remote parts of the world.

In a globalized world city, albeit, the economic process undoubtedly affects each
theagricultural and peri-urban areas, and world forces square measure within the center of the
cities.World operations square measure centralized in cities, and wherever we will see the most
absolute,the phenomena that are being related to their activities, whether or not they're
changing within the structure of employment, the event of monumental land, the formation of
powerful changes, and effects of gangland, the emergence of recent varieties of native
governance, the growth of corruption, social exclusion of bound population teams and
therefore the fragmentation of informal networks or the abstraction of isolation.

As part of the global world, it is vital to identify the major attributes of a global city and
analyze how these cities serve as engines of globalization. That is why this paper discusses the
reasons underpinning the global, whether political, economic, cultural, or even social, as well as
the worldwide migration and demographic transition as they affect the global population.
DISCUSSION

1. GLOBAL CITY

A global city, also known as a world city, is a major city that acts as the hub of a
globalized economic system and has a considerable competitive advantage. There is a theory
that suggests how globalization might be understood in terms of key geological locations where
global processes are developed, facilitated, and realized.  The term has its origins in research
on cities carried out during the 1980s, which examined the common characteristics of the
world’s most important cities. However, with increased attention being paid to processes
of globalization during subsequent years, these world cities came to be known as global cities.
Linked with globalization was the idea of spatial reorganization and the hypothesis that cities
were becoming key loci within global networks of production, finance, and telecommunications.
In some formulations of the global city thesis, then, such cities are seen as the building blocks of
globalization. Simultaneously, these cities were becoming newly privileged sites of local politics
within the context of a broader project to reconfigure state institutions.

Global cities have an impact on world affairs through politics or culture. Saskia Sassen is
credited for coining the phrase "global city" (as opposed to "megacity") in her 1991 book The
Global City, which she used to describe London, New York, and Tokyo. With time, however,
research has been completed on emerging global cities outside of this triad, such
as Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Houston, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Paris, São Paulo, Sydney,
and Zürich. Such cities are said to knit together to form a global city network serving the
requirements of transnational capital across broad swathes of territory.

The Global Cities Index provides a comprehensive ranking of the leading global cities
from around the world. It is designed to track the way cities plan as their population grow and
the world continues to shrink. It is conducted year since 2008. The Global Cities Index uses
criteria across five dimensions:

To become a top-ranking global city, it must possess quality business activity, as

assessed by the headquarters of large global organizations, the sites of prominent business
services firms, the value of a city's capital markets, the number of international conferences,
and the movement of products through ports and airports. The global city must have better
human capital; it examines a city's potential to attract talent using the following metrics: foreign-
born population size, university quality, number of international schools, international student
population, and number of residents with university degrees. A global city must have a better
information exchange, which investigates how well news and information move both within and
beyond the organization of the town. This dimension was updated this year to incorporate two
new metrics: accessibility to major TV news channels (instead of large local newspapers
providing worldwide coverage), which replaces international coverage in the accessibility to
major TV news channels statistic, and the number of foreign news bureaus. Level of Censorship
and Broadband Subscriber Rate (the major local newspapers) There are now 10 major TV
networks included in the final two criteria, both remaining constant. The Global City Index also
ranks a city based on the cultural experience of the country and gauges a city's diversity of
attractions, such as the number of major athletic events it hosts, the number of museums,
performing arts centers, and restaurants serving a variety of cuisines, the number of foreign
visitors, and the number of sister cities it has. The global city index also looks at the political
engagement of the country; it examines how a city affects the discussion of global policy as
determined by the quantity of embassies and consulates, significant think tanks, international
organizations, and local institutions with worldwide reach that call the city home, as well as the
quantity of political conferences a city holds.

The Global Power City Index important function in economy as an attraction to

market , vital to economy and business environment. It also function in research and
development because as it produces more research that are useful in solving problems in the
country. Also in cultural interaction and livability; good working environment, good security and
safety or not prone on crime . Function In the environment and accessibility as well as not
always traffic and has an access in inner and outer city transportation infrastructure.

Another popular ranking is The Global City Competitiveness Index and it is ranked
based on their ; Economic Strength, Human Capital, Institutional Effectiveness, Financial
Maturity, Global Appeal , Physical Capital , Environment and Natural Hazards. Also based on
the Social and Cultural of the global city.

The rankings attempt to look at global cities in four basic ways ; first is the advanced
producer services production node , their economic giants , international getaway also political
and cultural hub.

However, despite the advantages of these cities it also possesses a numbers of

downfalls. The normal living expenses such as rent and utilities tend to be higher in big cities,
and you may have additional living expenses you wouldn’t have in the suburbs, like parking
permits and laundry. Global cities also have more people and different types of transportation
that cause heavy traffic and noise. Lack of space and parking are also common in global cities.
Most people in major cities live in apartments, and in some cities, the apartments can be very
small. Environmental threats and extreme weather events linked to global climate change are
more frequent in these areas. There are also insufficient availability of resources in these cities,
such as water, food, and electricity. Technology will be increasingly used. All of these are some
of the downfalls of global cities. Because of the routine, accustomed way of living, many people,
companies, buildings, cars, trains, and airplanes were there; different activities consumed
resources and affected the environment; and many more reasons.

Global cities help in globalization, as this is a place where movements and exchanges
of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies, or cultural practices all overthe
planet happens. The effect of globalization is seen most in these cities. Having a lot of global
cities in a country can be a good thing as it brings economies of scale, develop markets, create
jobs, and encourage new economic activities to flourish. Bonifacio Global City is an example of
a global city found in the Philippines. This city plays an important role in the growth of the
economy of our country. It is known for its modern structure which is comparable to those
famous cities around the world. This city proves that the Philippines can be developed like those
well developed countries around the world.

2. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

Global demography refers to the study of human populations around the world,
including their size, structure, distribution, and changes over time. It encompasses a range of
factors, including birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, age and gender distribution, and
more.

Some key concepts in global demography include:

 Population size: This refers to the total number of people in a given area, such as a
country or region.
 Population density: This refers to the number of people per unit of land area, such as per
square kilometer.
 Population growth: This refers to the change in population size over time, which can be
influenced by factors such as birth rates, death rates, and migration.
 Age structure: This refers to the distribution of the population by age group, which can
have implications for factors such as workforce participation, healthcare needs, and more.
 Gender structure: This refers to the distribution of the population by gender, which can
have implications for factors such as political representation, social norms, and more.
Examples of global demography in action might include:

 Comparing population growth rates between different countries or regions, such as

looking at the differences between developed and developing nations.
 Examining the age structure of a particular population, such as analyzing the
implications of an aging population in countries like Japan or Italy.
 Studying migration patterns between different countries or regions, such as looking at
the factors driving migration from Central and South America to the United States.
 Investigating gender imbalances in different parts of the world, such as examining the
high rates of female infanticide in some regions of India and China.
 These are just a few examples of the many ways that global demography can be studied
and applied. By understanding the factors shaping human populations around the world, we can
better understand social, economic, and political trends at the global level.

Based on current trends, it can be concluded that the global population is continuing to
grow at an unprecedented rate, albeit at a slightly slower pace. This growth is unevenly
distributed across different regions of the world, with developing countries experiencing higher
rates of population growth compared to developed nations. Additionally, aging populations and
declining fertility rates are becoming increasingly prevalent in many parts of the world, which
may have significant social, economic, and political implications in the years to come. The
continued growth and changing composition of the global population will require careful
consideration and proactive policy solutions to address potential challenges and opportunities.

3. GLOBAL MIGRATION

Migration is what is called when a person or group of people move and settle in a

different place. It can be temporary or permanent. There are reasons why people

migrate. The first is for their safety. Maybe their place poses a threat, not only for their

personal safety but also for their properties. The second is a natural disaster. Their place

be prone to floods; their house is not that sturdy and durable, and that's when a typhoon

comes, their house will be easily ruined. The third is political conflict. Maybe there is a

problem with their president. The fourth is for education. For them to have a better

education and the future ahead. Lastly, it is because of their family. Maybe they have to work.

abroad to sustain their family’s needs.

 There are four types of migration. These are internal migration, international migration,

Migration, emigration, and immigration

Internal migration is when they only migrate within the country. They can move.

to other towns or cities, but not abroad. While international migration is outside the

country. Emigration is moving from one country to another. While immigration is

entering the country.

There are three migrant categories, such as elite migrants, where professionals

are moving out of the country. They can be lawyers, businessmen, doctors, etc.

Commoner migrants are the people who seek better opportunities abroad, such as

OFW and refugee migrants are the people who have no choice but to leave their

country or hometown because of natural disasters or ethno-political conflicts.

Migration has advantages and disadvantages. There are some advantages in the

These are remittances, which decrease pressure on jobs and resources.

and they can acquire new skills. Moreover, these are the advantages to the country that

They create a richer and more diverse culture, reduce labor shortages, and also

Migrants are more prepared to take on low-paying and low-skilled jobs. However, there are

also disadvantages. The disadvantages of the country they left are that it reduces the size of

the country’s potential workforce and brain drain, or lack of professional workers such as

doctors, lawyers, and nurses. The disadvantages of the country that they move to are

that it increases the cost of services such as healthcare and education, overcrowding

and religion and culture conflicts because of diversity could be racist.

The pull-push factor The pull factor attracts people to migrate because of

opportunities. While the push factors are the conditions that made people migrate and

leave their homes.

Migration has challenges, these are the brain drains, which means that professionals

leave the country to seek better opportunities; human trafficking is the exploitation of

human labor, conflicts between indigenous and migrants, and lastly, the population

pressure.
 On the other hand, international migration itself generates processes of globalisation,
including the global transfer of money and goods; the emergence of global cities; and growing
social and cultural diversity.

CONCLUSION

To conclude, globalization takes place in and through global cities. They are physical
examples of the phenomena. They are locations where intriguing fusions of culture and ideas
takes place, and through them we experience the best of globalization. They produce a great
deal of wealth as well. They continue to be places of extreme inequality, where international
workers support international business people.