Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 449

Aa¨vq `yB : evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú`

M. 10.50 †KvwU cvDÛ
wm‡jevm t evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú` : km¨ Drcv`b I
N. 9.50 †KvwU cvDÛ DËi : †bvU
eûgyLxKiY, Lv`¨ Drcv`b I e¨e¯’vcbv ‡bvU : cwieZ©bkxj Z_¨|
weMZ eQ‡ii cÖkœvejx 09. # / 3A / 7 / B0 ? (!@ # )
K. 3.50 gY L. 2.50 gY
01. : :
? (!" # )
M. 4.50 gY N. 5 gY DËi : K
10. CD ' 7 / ? (!" # )
K. 18 L. 20
K. 3800 eM© wK.wg. L. 4100 eM© wK.wg.
M. 23 N. 25 DËi : M
02. % & ‘ ’‘ ' ’ ? (!( # )
M. 5575 eM© wK. wg. N. 6017 eM© wK.wg. DËi : N
K. `yBwU DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mg km¨ 11. GDP : % ) ? (!E
B @F # )
L. `yBwU DbœZ Rv‡Zi avbkm¨
M. `yBwU DbœZ Rv‡Zi f~Æv km¨ K. 15.33 L. 16.77
N. `yBwU DbœZ Rv‡Zi Bÿz DËi : K M. 12.58 N. 14.79 DËi : ‡bvU
03. ) *+ , -, . -, -/0 0 -' 1 ? e¨vL¨v : A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abymv‡i, wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi
(!( # ) Ae`vb 13.60 kZvsk|
K. †cqviv L. Kjv 12. G 3 . 3' % ? (!E
M. †cu‡c N. Rvgiæj DËi : L # )
04. 0 2 3 04 3 ' 5 6 7-? (!! # ) K. AvevwmK L. K…wl
K. iscyi L. dwi`cyi M. cwienb N. wkí DËi : L
M. ivRkvnx N. h‡kvi DËi : N 13. 5H I 0 '3 7 ? (@J # )
05. 89 : ; 04 % ? (11Zg I K. cÂco L. w`bvRcyi
40Zg wewmGm) M. e¸ov N. ivRkvnx DËi : K
K. fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg 14. 3' -3 7 – ("@ # )
L. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ebf~wg K. PÆMÖvg L. nweMÄ
M. wm‡j‡Ui ebf~wg M. wm‡jU N. †gŠjfxevRvi DËi : N
N. Lyjbv, ewikvj I cUzqvLvjxi ebf~wg DËi : K 15. ?K 3 ' 3 L .'? (!M # )
e¨vL¨v : fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg kvj e„‡ÿi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| G K. wm‡j‡Ui gvjwbQovq
e‡bi cÖavb e„ÿ kvj ev MRvix| G A‡ji ebf~wg‡K cÎ cZbkxj L. ‡gŠjfxevRv‡ii gvjwbQovq
e„‡ÿi ebf~wg ejv nq| M. wm‡j‡Ui Rvdbvq
N. mybvgM‡Ä DËi : K
06. 0 ' - / 5 < .'? (11Zg I
16. FCDI ? N 5 OP -? ("Q # )
40Zg wewmGm)
K. eb¨v wbqš¿Y L. cvwb wb®‹vkb
K. iscyi L. gqgbwmsn
M. cvwb †mP N. Dc‡ii wZbwU DËi : N
M. dwi`cyi N. Uv½vBj DËi : M
17. 02 3 .' – ("Q # )
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcbœ nq dwi`cyi K. ewikv‡j L. gqgbwms‡n
†Rjvq| M. LvMovQwo‡Z N. w`bvRcyi DËi : M
18. 1 0 R S /5/ K ' ) T ? ("F # )
07. evsjv‡`‡ki Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY KZ? (!! #
K. XvKvq L. Lyjbvq
I 40Zg wewmGm) M. bvivqYMÄ N. Pvu`cyi DËi : N
K. 2 †KvwU GKi 19. 7 3 & K U = . T '?
L. 2 †KvwU 50 jÿ GKi ("E # )
M. 2 †KvwU 40 jÿ GKi K. cÂvk `kK L. mËi `kK
N. 2 †KvwU 25 jÿ GKi DËi : †bvU M. lvU `kK N. Avwki `kK DËi : N
e¨vL¨v : weweGm cÖKvwkZ K…wl cwimsL¨vb el©MÖš’ 2017 20. 3 = / White Gold 3 ?
Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY 2 †KvwU 11 jÿ ("@ # )
†n±i| K…wl ïgvwi 2008 Gi Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK evsjv‡`‡k †gvU K. wPwb L. Pzb
Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY 1 †KvwU 90 jÿ 97 nvRvi 544 GKi| M. jeY L. wPswo DËi : N
08. 3 5 = . > ?' ?
21. 1 0 3 V / /5/ K ' ) T ? (@F # )
(!@ # ) K. XvKv L. K·evRvi
K. 14 †KvwU cvDÛ M. PÆMÖvg N. gqgbwmsn DËi : N
L. 13 †KvwU cvDÛ
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 450
22. 7 W 0 5<' -8 5 . Y/ → evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR dmj‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v- K.
?K )Z=- 89 ? (![ # ) Lv`¨km¨ I L. A_©Kix dmj|
K. we †n‡jb L. jW© wjbwj_‡Mv K. Lv`¨km¨
M. jW© K¬vBf N. Iqv‡ib †nw÷s DËi : L ‡hme km¨ †`‡ki Rb‡Mvôxi Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Pvl Kiv
23. )\ 7 3 = 04 ev_vb ? n‡q, †mme km¨‡K Lv`¨km¨ ejv nq| Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi mv‡_
K. cvebv-wmivRMÄ L. w`bvRcyi ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©‡bi e¨vcvi RwoZ| †hgb- evsjv‡`k avb
M. ewikvj N. dwi`cyi DËi : K Drcv`‡b ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©| Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨-km¨ avb, Mg, Wvj, †ZjexR,
24. 7 W ?K ]= .' – (!M Avjy, fzÆv, mewR, djg~j cÖf…wZ|
# )
K. 5 †g, 1994 L. 6 GwcÖj, 1994 avb
M. 5 †g, 1995 N. 7 †g, 1995 DËi : M ? % । M(% 0 3
25. / 0 5 : % ) - (38Zg .'। g: 4 h K h 5 H। # -0 i- :=
0 0
wewmGm) 0 -' 5 j । avb Pv‡li Rb¨ 16 -30 †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv I
K. µg n«vmgvb L. µgk ea©gvb 100-200 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb nq| b`x AeevnKvi
M. w¯’i i‡q‡Q N. †KvbwUB bq DËi : K cwjgvwU avb Pv‡li Rb¨ †ek Dc‡hvMx| G Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î
avb fvj R‡b¥| c 2 lC )^ ? 8 7 87
e¨vL¨v : @(!M- !Q )K ' . )^6 '-
6 '। 6 – 5 , # ।
0_ ) : % ) !J. !( ।
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abymv‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi → AvDk avb : m 1 5 < .B' 3 #
Ae`vb 13.60 kZvsk| A_v©r wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb .' 5 । 5 3i- % 2 n- o =
µgk Kg‡Q| /A .'। = n ' .' # )
n-।
evsjv‡`‡ki m¤ú` : K…wlR m¤ú` → Avgb avb : ) p - . q ।
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abymv‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb / .' 02 - 7S। / .' )Z. '=- l
13.60 kZvsk| †`‡ki †gvU kÖgkw³i 40.60 kZvsk K…wlLv‡Z । lC 3' 0 .'।
wb‡qvwRZ A_©vr ‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk Kg©ms¯’vb nq K…wlLv‡Z| Z‡e iscy‡i Avgb fvj nq| ? । 6K –
wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb µgk Kg‡Q| , , B' ।
→ evsjv‡`‡k K…wlïgvwi nq- 5evi| (1977, 1986, 1997, K. †ivcv Avgb : ?r : 3 = # .'।
2008 (c~Y©v½), 9-20 Ryb, 2019 (me©‡kl)| 0 s- n -0 ' .', o =- 8 t
9 0 .' # )Z. '=- l / .'।
→ e½eÜz RvZxq K…wl cyi¯‹vi †`qv nq- 1976 mv‡j|
→ K 2 - 0 =- (. 25 # | L. # /' .'। 3i- %
→ gv_vwcQy K…wl 0 =- 0.05 # | u -0 .' # AMÖnvqY / .'।
# & B ।
→ K…lK cÖwZ Avev`x Rwgi cwigvY- 1.26 # |
→ K…wl w`em- 1jv AMÖnvqY (15 b‡f¤^i) M. evIqv Avgb : )\ # 5 < .'। # #
= 78- B .'K ।
→ .
: H : % - H 7 : % ( . 2 ,
b .) । → ‡ev‡iv avb : evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk Drcvw`Z nq †ev‡iv
→ Pvlvev‡`i C K fvM Kiv
c 2 @ 8 7 avb| = 32 0 # 3 .'। 9
nq। ) : kxZKvjxb km¨ Pvlvev` Kiv nq|
c 2 = 3 .' # 3 8 । q #
Pvlvev‡`i mgq Avwk^b gvm †_‡K dvêyb gvm ( de 0v # q .'। ‡ev‡iv avb me‡P‡q fvj
K 3) , %) % c 2 : MÖx®§Kvxb km¨ Pvlvev` nq wm‡j‡U| 3 ? w' )^ 3 x 8 7 87
Kiv nq| Pvlvev‡`i mgq ˆPÎ †_‡K fv`ª gvm ch©šÍ ( 3- .'| h_v- †m× Pvj I AvZc Pvj|
de )
avb m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ :
→ Lwic FZz ev MÖx®§Kvjxb k‡m¨i †gŠmyg 2 cÖKvi| → avb Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb we‡k^- 4_© (cÖ_g- Pxb)
Lwic- 1 : ‰PÎ †_‡K ˆRô¨ gvm (ga¨ gvP©- ga¨ RyjvB)
Lwic- 2 : Avlvp ‡_‡K fv`ª gvm (ga¨ Ryb-ga¨ †m‡Þ¤^i) → evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q avb Drcbœ nq- gqgbwmsn †Rjvq|
→ iwe km¨ ev kxZKvjxb dmj : Avjy, dzjKwc, evuavKwc, → me©c_Ö g Ddkx avb Pvjy n‡q GLbI i‡q‡Q- Bwi-8| †`‡k
U‡g‡Uv, mxg, jvD, MvRi, †ev‡iv avb, mwilv, Mg BZ¨vw`| Ddkx avb Drcv`b ïiæ n‡q‡Q- 1998 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i
†_‡K|
→ Lwic km¨ : wgwóKzgov, cUj, KvK‡ivj, eiewU, †Xuok,
AvuDk avb, cvU, cyuBkvK, RjcvB, Zvj,evZvwe‡jey, Avgb → g½vi avb ejv nq- weAvi-33| mvaviYZ Avwk^b-KvwZ©K
I el©vKvjxb mewR| gv‡m GB avb KvUv nq|
→ ÔwebvkvBjÕ avb D™¢veb K‡i- BINA (Bangladesh
Institute for Nuclear Agriculture)
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 451
→ me‡P‡q †ekx avbKj- bIMvu †Rjvq| (‡Kvb †Kvb Z_¨g‡Z, → cv‡Ui wR‡bvg wm‡Kv‡qÝ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib- W. gvKmy`yj Avjg
w`bvRcyi)| (2010 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m)| cvU †_‡K RyU cwjgvi ˆZwii
→ Ryg Pvl n‡”Q GK ai‡bi K…wl A_©bxwZ (GK ai‡bi c×wZ Avwe®‹v‡ii cw_K…Z †gveviK Avng` Lvb (evsjv‡`k)|
Pvlvev`)| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g G Pvl n‡q _v‡K| Ryg Pvl weKí Rxeb inm¨ D‡b¥vP‡bi ¯^xK…wZ †`q- WIPO.
c×wZi bvg më| → cvU I Zzjvi wgkÖ‡Y GK ai‡bi Kvc‡oi bvg RyUb| RyUb
→ Pvj †fRv‡jB fvZ cvIqv hvq- ANwb‡eviv avb| Avwe®‹vi K‡ib W. †gvnv¤§` wmwÏKzjøvn| RyU‡b 70 fvM cvU
→ nwiavb D™¢veb K‡ib wSbvB`‡ni nwic` Kvcvjx| I 30 fvM Zzjv _v‡K|
→ Bwi I †ev‡iv avb kxZKvjxb dmj wn‡m‡e wewfbœ wbPz → evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q ‡ewk cvU Drcbœ nq dwi`cyi †Rjvq|
Rjvkqmn Ab¨vb¨ Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡q Drcv`b Kiv nq| (40Zg wewmGm)
→ AÂj‡f‡` av‡bi Pvlvev`- KvUvwi‡fvM (w`bvRcyi), wPwb¸uov → Av`gRx cvUKj Pvjy nq 30 Ryb, 1951 mv‡j| GwU Gwkqvi
(Kzwgjøv), KvwjwRiv (‡bvqvLvjx), weiB (gqgbwmsn) me‡P‡q eo cvUKj wQj| cvUKjwU eÜ nq 30 Ryb, 2002
mv‡j|
av‡bi RvZ : → F 3, @(!M / : = 8 2 B 82|
. ' ।# / / = .'।
7 = 3 D ( 0- !), ( 0- @),
V / /5/ 5j 5y z ( 0- "), Y ( 0- J), → /0 & . 9 .' - F / =
1 - (51 -) x 8 7, C1 , 7 0- । & 04 ( , 3 , 7 , 82} , 3 B )। / .
3- K : 9 3- 9 19 / = . ।
' ' K 0 (# / 0 0 → ' .- ~ - • € / ' .'।
: & .')। → / ? =0 • '=7‚।
C7 { 3 B' 6 ' , 0 , 7 D 8 7,
3 p& ।
→ 5< 0 / -0 . ।

jeYv³ GjvKvq †gŠmywg weAvi 22, weAvi 23 weª avb → ƒ N @(!E # / - @(!! .'।
Pv‡li Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z 40, weª avb 41, weª avb 46, weª → cvU cuPv‡bvi cÖwµqv‡K wieb †iwUs ejv nq|
RvZ avb 53, weª avb 54 BZ¨vw`|
†ev‡iv †gŠmy‡gi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z jeYv³ weª avb 47, weª
Pv
mwnòz av‡bi RvZ avb 55| → 5 _' B _' )^ !QJ( 3}Z „
eb¨v cieZ©x GjvKvi Rb¨ avb weª avb 46 # '3 ' 3 W .'। 8 ?K 3 W .' !Q!Q
Y : 8 K : Av‡jvK 6201 । Pv‡qi Pvl cÖ_g kyiæ nq Px‡b| ‡`‡k Drcvw`Z
AwaKvsk Pv we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv nq|
Mg → ?K =0 8 3 ' 3 W .' 1854
Mg evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq cÖavb Lv`¨km¨| DËiv‡j M‡gi Drcv`b / & '।
fvj nq Ges Mg Drcv`‡b kxl© †Rjv VvKziMvuI| Mg Pv‡li → 3 … -' )K -1 ।
Dc‡hvMx Ae¯’v- → 3 3 04 04 ? ' 0 † 67, 0 o
→ 160 †_‡K 220 †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv 5 A / 5A32 B ~ 2 0 , 16০- !M( '
→ 50 †_‡K 75 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócvZ i # @E( ‡/ / :ˆ ।
→ e„wónxg †gŠmy‡g cvwb‡m‡Pi gva¨‡g → @ ? 3 5 < .'। 6K - Pv I 0
2
→ De©i †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z Pvl fvj nq| 3।
→ 3 _ ? s .' ![MM 3}Z ।
L. A_©Kix dmj → 3 7 = V / /5/ ? s .' ![EM ।
‡hme km¨ A_©‰bwZK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wewµi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pvl Kiv
nq †mme km¨‡K A_©Kix km¨ e‡j| ‡hgb- cvU, Bÿz, Pv, Zzjv,
→ 3 0x ) T l 8- 0 o- I ।

ZvgvK, dzj BZ¨vw`| → + ! 3 • ) T 3}Z Z ।

→ … -' 3 • o- I ) T ।
cvU
→ ?K )7 3 \7 & ( - 3)।
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb A_©Kix dmj cvU (†mvbvjx Avuk)|
→ 3 5 # U ) T + 6K w
→ cvU ißvwb I Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb h_vµ‡g cÖ_g I ÑÑÑÑÑÑ # ÑÑÑÑÑ Ae¯’v‡b|
wØZxq (cvU Drcv`‡b kxl© †`k fviZ)| evsjv‡`‡k c„w_exi
cÖvq GK Z…Zxqvsk cvU Drcbœ nq| → ? % ' ' 67 ' :ˆ K 3
7 ;'3 7 ' ‰Š 6 ;
: K ' ;
: ।
→ cvU Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx Ae¯’v : ZvcgvÎv 200 †_‡K 350
†mjwmqvm Ges 150-250 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb| → evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b ÑÑÑÑÑÑ wU Pv evMvb i‡q‡Q| me‡P‡q
b`x AeevwnKvq cwjhy³ †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z cvU fvj nq| †ewk Pv evMvb i‡q‡Q †gŠjfxevRv‡i|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 452
Bÿz 89} 5H = ( Y ), = -, W‹
→ Bÿz Pv‡li Rb¨ mgZj f~wg cÖ‡qvRb| K…wl cwimsL¨vb el©MÖš’ )Z=-, -, e , l। [g‡b ivLyb-
2017 (GwcÖj, 2018 G cÖKvwkZ) Abymv‡i bv‡Uvi †Rjvq AMÖYx I †mvbvjxi ‡kl m¤^j GB †`ŠjZ m¤ú`]
me‡P‡q †ewk Bÿz Drcv`b nq| C i, । [wUcm- g¨vmy ZvgvK cQ›` K‡i]
2 Š , _ 1 0। [w`jiƒcv Zzjvi KvR K‡i]
→ Bÿz Drcv`‡b Dc‡hvMx : 150 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócvZ I 190
3 6 2 ।
†_‡K 300 ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv|
A2 2 , 3i । [wPÎv cyuBkvK AZ¨šÍ meyR]
0
2 _ ' ‡_, _ , •1 -, Œ -।
Ab¨vb¨ dmj m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vw` A • ._, 7 Ž w , Z- #• ? , †K IqvB
→ cÖvwšÍK K…lK : Rwg Pvl K‡i ïay Drcv`b LiP Zzj‡Z mÿg µm, A¨vUbvg- 70
nq †h K…lK, Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK K…lK ejv nq| 0
2 • , gayevjv
→ 7 2 nq ‡_ K । p B , W , 2 -, K, 2 -,
→ ivevi †Rvb- evBwkwi, MvRxcyi| K·evRv‡ii ivgy‡Z 1961 %/% /' , . 0 -, 0 , ' , 5H , ISD
wLª÷v‡ã evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ivevi evMvb Ki nq| 006 (BARI BT BRINJAL-4)
) *+ , -, . -, -/0 ,
→ K…wl cwimsL¨vb el©MÖš’ 2017 (GwcÖj, 2018 G cÖKvwkZ) ) : 7 , 3 3G , : 7 , -, 3 A , -,
Abymv‡i, ZvgvK Drcv`‡b kxl© †Rjv Kzwóqv| ZvgvK I 2 -, # / 3 , - !, . 7 , cÖkœ t b`x Qvov
Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y Kzwóqv †Rjvi 26wU MÖvg‡K Ô‡Mv‡ìb 3' 5 , ‘ , D , , uA -, gnvb›`v Kx?
wf‡jRÕ ejv nq| 0-। [‡lvok wbeÜb
→ ev‡ivgvwm mewR- jvjkvK, †e¸b, †Xuom| Avg j¨vsov, †Mvcvj‡fvM, †gvnb‡fvM, gnvb›`v (K‡jR ch©vq)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki km¨ fvÐvi ejv nq ewikvj‡K| †cqviv evwi-4, KvwR 2019]
→ evsjv‡`‡ki iæwUi Szwo ejv nq w`bvRcyi‡K|
→ ‰ZjexR (wZj, wZwm, ev`vg, mwilv) Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki m¤ú` : grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤ú`
evsjv‡`k e¨vsK e¨vsKmg~‡ni gva¨‡g K…lK‡`i †iqvwZ myweav → . U - ' … -' 5 । ( #8 |
cÖ`vb K‡i| I {2 % 2 0 2 . )
→ ‰= 5j - _. h2 % ( ![QM → BLRI- Bangladesh Livestock Research
)| ¯^Y©v mv‡ii ˆeÁvwbK bvg- dvB‡Uv ni‡gvb Institute ? s .' ![QJ ~ 8 ।
BbwWDmvi| → ?0 3}Z I '।
→ evZv‡mi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb gvwU‡Z wg‡k gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡i| → miKvwi gwnl cÖRbb †K›`ª- dwKinvU, ev‡MinvU| QvMj
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| cÖRbb †K›`ª- wUjvMo, wm‡jU| †Mv cÖRbb †K›`ª I `y»
Lvgvi- mvfvi, XvKv| †`‡ki cÖ_g Mvav cÖRbb †K›`ª-
→ ‡`‡k exR Drcv`bKvix cÖavb miKvix cÖwZôvb- ivOvgvwU| nwiY cÖRbb †K›`ª- P‡Kvwiqv, K·evRvi|
Bangladesh Agricultural Development
→ Bwj‡ki Rxeb inm¨ D‡b¥vPb K‡ib- c„_Kfv‡e XvKv
Corporation (BADC)
wek^we`¨vjq I evsjv‡`k K…wl wek^we`¨vj‡qi weÁvbxiv|
jeYv³ mwnòz dm‡ji RvZ → • ?0 •- 0 , CD ( @((@) ।
jeYv³Zv mwnòz bvwi‡Kj, mycvwi, myMvi weU, Zzjv, → • % - 8 2 , ' .।
dm‡ji RvZ kvjMg, ˆaÂv, cvjskvK BZ¨vw`| → Mevw` cïi ÿziv †iv‡Mi wUKv D™¢veb K‡ib- XvKv
ga¨g jeYv³Zv mwnòz Avgov, wgwó Avjy, gwiP, eiewU, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AYyRxe weÁvb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK †gv.
dmj gyM, †Lmvwi, fzÆv, U‡g‡Uv, †cqviv Av‡bvqvi †nv‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ 17 R‡bi M‡elK `j|
BZ¨vw`| ? =0 ? 5
t
2 5 ’ K B' 6 ' .............. 8 7
dm‡ji DbœZ RvZ / 5
km¨ bvg I 7 3 = ;i J /
- !, C , .- , ' , =2 &
/ , Y , , ?7 , . ,
/ 5 ? ' !@
- ! (Liv mwnòz avb), , - ""
t
2 - ' !,!Q,Q!" 7 /
(g½vi avb), Pvw›`bvg, wecøe, `yjv‡fvM, gy³v, weª 6 2 &- 7 ) 7
nvBweªW avb-1, weª nvBweªW avb-2 7 W ]= .' E , ![[E
7 , ' , , , D,
3 & G .' White Gold
\ , , kZvãx •' / .' %2 )\
/ / ‡/2 ( 5 ?K . Y_ / / ),
7 3 &3 .'
. , , , b2 , A , kÖveYx,
x
2% _ % y 12/ ' '
Ac~e©
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 453
ev‡qvd¬K c×wZ gvQPvl cÖ_g ïiæ nq BmivB‡j → – u 60 CD
?K . . B& ‡_‡K।
)8' o → 5y bvg ˆejvg e„ÿ, cvIqv hvq
:;
t
2 ............... ev›`iev‡b| D”PZv cÖvq 240 dzU|
)0 3 & ) T
→ 2 7 R .'- CD - MvQ‡K|
2 5 + ...............
→ ‘ 69 4 ’ .' 2 MvQ‡K ( 2 7 )।
me‡P‡q eo cÖvK…wZK grm¨ cÖRbb †K›`ª nvj`v
Bwjk Drcv`‡b we‡k^ cÖ_g evsjv‡`k| → :K - 3' & - A ।
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvwYm¤ú` M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui (BLRI) → 89 J / )\ fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D™¢vweZ bZzb †`wk gyiwMi Rv‡Zi bvg- gvwë Kvjvi †Uwej h_v- !) . & \ , @) Z8 \ , ")
wP‡Kb (MCTC) # , J) Z -= ।
→ )\ . .
: H - . &
evsjv‡`‡ki m¤ú` : ebR m¤ú` 3}Z \ ।
→ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 20..... Abymv‡i → 8 ; 04 ? ' 0 -' 89 '
ebf~wgi cwigvY---------- wgwjqb †n±i hv †gvU M / 0 '। 6K - !) 3}Z , @) — /, ")
ebf~wgi ÑÑÑÑÑÑ kZvsk| D , J) • 0 , E) %2 , F)
→ eb Awa`߇ii g‡Z, ebf~wgi cwigvY 26 nvRvi eM© 7 . / B M) ;- ।
wK‡jvwgUvi hv †`‡ki †gvU f~wgi 17.62% → Bwcj Bwcj I bxj¸j †gvni 0 -' 7
→ FAO Gi Z_¨g‡Z, †`‡ki ebf~wgi cwigvY 11% 2 n‡q‡Q|
→ 8 ;' ? ' 0 @E → ;'; 5 „ / MvQ|
-
→ 8 7 )^6 '- me‡P‡q †ewk 89 → / _ ) T - %2 B /2' % -
= 3}Z wefv‡M| 0 `wÿYvs‡ki 5 ’ -' 89 B CD #
→ 3' 89 0 .- 8 7। o=- .: H । & • 0 3 ' B#
→ .
: H 89 )\ 3}Z B o=- ' ।
3}Z )\ । → 3}Z B — / \ 0 v- 70 , 0 ,
→ 28wU 0 ' “-' 89 bvB। p , 3 , 7 , A ?8: ।
→ 5 ’ -' 0
2 ˆ - ' \ .' → 89 : ; 04 % -
!( / 0 '। 8 B' B 2 2 89 । (40Zg wewmGm)
→ )8' = ' - !J /। → ) U 9 - 9 = B '•
→ K 2 89 =- (. (@ .” । ) U ।
→ 7 = V / /5/ cÖwZwôZ nq- → / \ ? : ;- p , .7 , 0
![EE । ।
→ d‡i÷ GKv‡Wwg cÖwZwôZ nq- ![FJ 3}Z । → 2 2 B 8 B' 7 & ' - J, !(E 7 . .।
→ 0 -' ;: ) 86 # 0 -' - 7:.- → 7 ' - 2, 2 2 B
.' ![M@ # 6 .' ![[J । 50 ।
→ ?K 0 ' 6w W .'- → 70 - ; : T '-8 kvj 3 ।
3}Z I2 ' ' ( ![Q!) । → ‘ ' ’ # 0 -' ।
→ ;= ?=- .'- - ![[( → 3 . b 7 : 6 7 # Ib
# - @((@। 6' # p 3 0
2 K । cve©Z¨ ebvÂj‡K
→ - .'- ![[@ । wPinwir ebvÂj|
→ :; y 2 † - ? •- 0 -' → 3 . b 89 b 7 - 7 -,
2 † - ![["। 2 , & , p , 0 ।
→ BELA # 9=Š - Bangladesh Environment → w q-' b : w q-' )\ 6 7
Lawyers Association. # G9= b 6 '।
→ - " ( ) /। ~ , → w q-' b B' 6 '- ' .,
3}Z # /। / I , 7 0- 2 , 2 B 0 2 ।
→ O3 ( B0 ) # - 7n - । → w q-' b 89 ‡K 8 7 .' x’8 7। 2 2
→ + - E 02 । B 8 B' 7& # • )\ 89 ।
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 454
→ w q-' b B' 6 '- & , .0 , → my›`ie‡bi cv‡k wbwg©Ze¨ KqjvwfwËK ivgcvj
. ,. , uA , cÖf…wZ e„ÿ। we`y¨r‡K›`ª cïi b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z| ivgcvj cvIqvi
cøv›U my›`ieb †_‡K 14 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i Ges wek^
my›`ieb
HwZ‡n¨i ¯’vb †_‡K gvÎ 70 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i Aew¯’Z|
c„w_exi e„nËg UvBWvj eb CD / ' -
10,000 7 / ( + fviZ)। K…wlwfwËK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb
)q7 CD ' - @J(( BRRI- Bangladesh Rice Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi
7 FJ(( 7 / ( F@%) । Research Institute (1972)
)4 , E"@( 7 / । F(!M ( ) U B BINA- Bangladesh Institute of evsjv‡`k K…wl
%2 0 K ' )
Nuclear Agriculture wek^we`¨vjq,
gqgbwmsn (1972)
CD 5wU 0 ' ) T | %2 , ;- ,
SAIC- SAARC Agricultural dvg©‡MU, XvKv
7 . /, /2' % -, p । ( % 5 '™ Information Center (1989)
;- %2 7 /2।) IRRI – International Rice g¨vwbjv, wdwjcvBb
CD )4 4 p /7 89 Research Institute (1960)
/ Z8 // _ / › 0 89 / 5 ’ -' 0 -' -0 -; • 7 0- 2
। GwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKK e„nËg eb| \ -0 -; • Ÿ+ -,
evsjv‡`k Wvj M‡elYv †K›`ª Ck^i`x, cvebv
→ 5 g CD F _ e , ![[M wek^ evsjv‡`k Bÿz M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Ck^i`x, cvebv (1951)
HwZn¨ †Nvlbv K‡i Ges wek^ HwZ‡n¨i ZvwjKvq M[Q BADC 2 , 7 0- 2
+ œ •। eZ©gv‡b cÖvK…wZK mßvðv‡h©i BFRI- Bangladesh Fisheries gqgbwmsn
ZvwjKvq my›`ieb 14Zg| Research Institute
→ my›`ieb w`em- 14B †deªæqvwi| Zzjv Dbœqb †evW© dvg©‡MU, XvKv
→ CD )8' = - (" ( ) /। . = '‡/, evsjv‡`k wPwb I Lv`¨ wkí w`jKzkv, XvKv
/ , …- । K‡cv©‡ikb
evsjv‡`k Pv M‡elYv BÝwUwUDU kÖxg½j, wm‡jU
→ (M ( ) 0 - os / •
2 %
evsjv‡`k Pv M‡elYv †evW© PÆMÖvg
.'- my›`ie‡b| evsjv‡`k ebM‡elYv †K›`ª PÆMÖvg
→ CD ž ' ? . - - evsjv‡`k Avg M‡elYv †K›`ª PvcvBbeveMÄ
ivqg½j I nvwoqvfv½v| evsjv‡`k gmjv M‡elYv †K›`ª wkeMÄ, e¸ov
→ CD 7= .' – cvMgvK© I K¨v‡giv evsjv‡`k Lv`¨ I cywó Bbw÷wUDU XvKv wek^we`¨vjq cÖkœ t evsjv‡`k
c×wZ‡Z|
RvZxq exR cixÿvMvi MvRxcyi cvU M‡elYv
evsjv‡`k †ikg M‡elYv I cÖwkÿY ivRkvnx BÝwUwUDU
→ @(!E 7= )^ CD % - Bbw÷wUD †Kv_vq Aew¯’?
170wU (Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki 106wU)| evsjv‡`k cÖvwYm¤ú` M‡elYv mvfvi, XvKv [‡lvok wbeÜb
→ :i Z8 - P‡Kvwiqv, Bbw÷wUDU (¯‹yj ch©vq)
K·evRv‡i Aew¯’Z| evsjv‡`k †gŠgvwQ cvjb Bbw÷wUDU XvKv 2019]
→ CD l' - - gay msMÖn| evIqvjx‡`i
IJSG- International Jute Study dvg©‡MU, XvKv
Group (2002)
†ckv- ‡MvjcvZv msMÖn Kiv| evsjv‡`k cvU M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU XvKv (1951)
→ ‡cwÝj ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq- ay›`j KvV|
evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
→ ev· I w`qvkjvB‡qi KvwV cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq- †MIqv KvV # U ) T ' . : + '। #
†_‡K| S /5/ # • E /। •p . :
→ is cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq- Mivb Mv‡Qi Qvj †_‡K| ‰x 3 7 = • ' .
→ ‡MvjcvZv w`‡q N‡ii QvDwb evbv‡bv nq| - 7 = • 3A 2
7 = • %2
→ ivgcvj we`y¨r †K›`ª wbg©v‡Y cÖavb mnvqZvKix †`k-
2t B ?62 | • • 0
fviZ|
3 &7 = • 7 ./
→ x • = !@ 02 @(!F %
fviZ B‡jw±ªK¨vj wjwg‡UW (‡fj) †Kv¤úvbxi K
→ Kzwgi (wgVv cvwb) M‡elYv †K›`ª- fvjyKv, gqgbwmsn
32 | | → Kzwgi (‡jvbv cvwb) M‡elYv †K›`ª- WzjvnvRiv, K·evRvi|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 455
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v I Av`gïgvwi, RvwZ, ‡Mvôx I DcRvwZ msµvšÍ welqvw`
weMZ eQ‡ii cÖkœ M. 2 wW‡m¤^i, 97 N. 25 wW‡m¤^i, 97 DËi : M
01. 7L- )\ 7- ? (!@ 13. 85–@(!F )^ W
# ) : 2 . (? .0 0- 0 v) ("Q # )
K. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg L. ivRkvnx K. 29 Rb L. 30 Rb
M. wm‡jU N. iscyi DËi : L M. 31 Rb N. 32 Rb DËi : L
e¨vL¨v : M¤¢xiv e„nËi ivRkvnx A‡ji Mvb| fvIqvBqv ‡bvU : A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2019 Abymv‡i cÖwZ nvRv‡i wkï
(iscyi I fvi‡Zi KzPwenvi), Rvwi (XvKv I wm‡jU), g„Zy¨nvi 24 Rb|
fvwUqvjx (Uv½vBj, gqgbwmsn, wm‡jU I Kzwgjøv AÂj), 14. ?K W - .' ? (38Zg I 40Zg
PUKv (iscyi, fvIqvBqv Mv‡bi kvLv), cvjvMvb # )
(gqgbwmsn)| K. 1979 L. 1972
02. 5 0 u : • ? M. 1973 N. 1974 DËi : N
(!J # ) 15. 3}Z q32 | ‰; .'? ("Q
K. Mv‡iv L. mvuIZvj # )
M. Lvwmqv N. gvigv DËi : (L,N) K. 1993 mv‡j L. 1999 mv‡j
03. :K - 8< 0 % K M. 1997 mv‡j N. 2001 mv‡j DËi : M
T ? 16. % = 2 - 3 6 )\ ? (@@ # )
K. Aóg L. beg K. wm‡jU L. PÆMÖvg
M. Øv`k N. PZz`©k DËi : K M. LvMovQwo N. ivOvgvwU DËi : K
e¨vL¨v : UNFPA Gi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx RbmsL¨vq we‡k^ 17. evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡iv DcRvwZ †Kvb †Rjvq evm K‡i? (40Zg
evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 8g, Gwkqvq 5g, gymwjg we‡k^ 4_© Ges wewmGm)
mvK©fz³ †`‡k 3q| K. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg L. wm‡jU
04. 3 = K- … -' 1' ! , @! 02 , M. gqgbwmsn N. Uv½vBj DËi M
![[J 0 ? ?
K. 387 Rb L. 375 Rb
M. 357 Rb N. 378 Rb DËi : L evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v I Av`gïgvix
05. % ' Z p 3 ? ("E # ) evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abymv‡i-
K. evivs L. cywÄ /0 % 16.37 †KvwU
M. cvov N. †gŠRv DËi : L ‡gvU RbmsL¨v (Av`gïgvwi-2011) 15.17 †KvwU
06. 3 0 7 s- % 0 ? ("Q 0 % : . 1.37%
# ) 0 7= ? '2† 72 eQi
K. LvMovQwo L. ivOvgvwU cyiæl I gwnjv (Mo Avqy®‹vj) 70.6 I 73.5
M. ev›`ievb N. wm‡jU DËi : L 2 : . 102:100
07. 02 3 .' 0 ? ("Q # )
cÖwZ nvRv‡i W : 2 . (1 3) 24 Rb
K. LvMovQwo L. ‡dwb _| ? 0 % 1724 Rb
M. †bvqvLvjx N. wm‡jU DËi : K
5<' 39 ) T 136
08. 6 0 ' . 0 – ("M # )
K. †kicyi L. wm‡jU RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ 1103 Rb
K 2 ' 1909 gv. Wjvi
M. gqgbwmsn N. †b·KvYv DËi : L
t . 21.8%
09. . 0 ) K '? (@Q # )
K. gqgbwmsn Ges †b·KvYv ) t . 11.3%
L. K·evRvi I ev›`ievb ‡gvU kÖgkw³ 6.35 †KvwU
M. iscyi I w`bvRcyi K…wlLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 40.6%
N. wm‡jU I ivOvgvwU DËi : K wkíLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 20.4%
10. # 5 0 – (!M # ) ‡mevLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 39%
K. mvuIZvj L. gvIwi g~j¨ùxwZ 5.44
M. gyis N. Mv‡iv DËi : L ¯^vÿiZvi nvi (7 eQi +) 72.3%
11. 5 0 ;2t -: 7 s- ? ("F # ) my‡cq cvwb MÖnYKvix 98%
K. ivLvBb L. gvigv
M. cvOb N. wLqvs DËi : M RbmsL¨v e„w× (Population Growth)
12. 3}Z q 32 | G .'? (@! # ) → # e 0 -' 0 0 % ।
K. 12 b‡f¤^i, 97 L. 16 wW‡m¤^i, 97
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 456
→ ![MF 0 -' 0 % - ?=- .'। GKB eQ‡i wkï AwaKvi (Child Rights) I evj¨weevn (Child Marriage)
cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq| → ![@[ ?=- .' ‘ . - ![@[’। ![QJ
→ NIPORT- National Institute of Population # # ' 9 ' =
Research and Training n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v .'। ' 04 !Q # 04 @! ।
welqK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb hv 1977 mv‡j AvwRgcy‡i cÖwZwôZ → @(!M .' ‘ . – @(!M’।
nq| GwU ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb GKwU ' . !Q ' # . ' @! u
ms¯’v| % .'। ‘ ; i’ # ‘ H ‰ K’
B ' ¥ 6 )? U 'g ' #
→ !QM@ _ ' 8 ?K W
cÖkœ t B '. ।
.'। # / 0 % ^s 8 7=
evsjv‡`‡ki W (Census) । # 6q E / → RvZxq Kb¨v wkï w`em : 30 †m‡Þ¤^i| RvZxq wkï bxwZ
cÖ_g W .'। 6K – ![MJ , ![Q! , ![[! , 2011, wkï AvBb 2013|
Av`gïgvwi nq @((! # @(!! । → 1974 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g wkï AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq|
KZ mv‡j? → !E- ![ 3, @(!! mv‡j (cÂg) ÔRvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`Õ ev¯Íevq‡b evsjv‡`‡k wkï AvBb
[‡lvok wbeÜb W .'। evsjv‡`‡k Av`gïgvwi AbywôZ nq cÖwZ 10 cÖYxZ nq 2013 mv‡j| RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` Abyhvqx
(¯‹yj ch©vq) eQi ci ci| 7 - W . @(@! । wkïi eqm 0-18|
2019] → W 3 % 2 । → kÖg AvB‡b wkïi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡e‡ki eqm Kgc‡ÿ 18|
→ @ 1¡' 0 -' 0 % .'। → 14-18 eQi eqm‡K aiv nq wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix eqm mxgv| 7
†_‡K 16 eQi eq‡mi wK‡kv‡ii Aciva‡K wK‡kvi Aciva
→ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 6(2) bs Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i, wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq evsjv‡`k, fviZ I kÖxj¼vq|
evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK RvwZ wn‡m‡e evOvwj Ges bvMwiK
wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`wk e‡j MY¨ n‡e| → mšÍv‡bi cwiP‡qi Rb¨ gv‡qi bv‡gi D‡jø‡Li wbqg Pvjy nq
2004 mv‡ji 24‡k AvM÷| bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb
→ PvKzixRxex gwnjv‡`i gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QzwU 6 gvm Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖYqb Kiv nq 2000 mv‡j|
→ evsjv‡`‡ki ‡Kvb cyiæl bvMwiK we‡`wk bvix‡K weevn Ki‡j,
→ evsjv‡`‡k wK‡kvi Dbœqb †K›`ª- U½x, MvRxcyi Ges
†mB bvix evsjv‡`‡ki bvix bvMwiKZ¡ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e
cy‡jinvU, h‡kvi| GQvovI GKgvÎ RvZxq wK‡kvix Dbœqb
evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb bvix bvMwiK we‡`wk †Kvb cyiæl‡K weevn
†K›`ª †Kvbvevox, MvRxcyi|
Ki‡j †mB we‡`wk cyiæl evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cv‡e bv|
DcRvwZ
GK bR‡i Av`gïgvwi- 2011 evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KZ bs Aby‡”Q‡` DcRvwZ m¤ú‡K© ejv
/ !J / [M % M@ . 0 "FJ 0 । n‡q‡Q- 23K bs Aby‡”Q‡`| D³ Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i, Ôivóª wewfbœ
0 % DcRwvZ, ÿz`ª RvwZmËv, b„-‡Mvôx I m¤úª`v‡qi Abb¨ ˆewkó¨c~Y©
2 M,J[,Q("QF 0 ( / 0 % E(.(F%) AvÂwjK ms¯‹…wZ Ges HwZn¨ msiÿY, Dbœqb I weKv‡ki e¨e¯’v
. M,JM,[!,[MQ 0 ( / 0 % J[.[J%) MÖnY Ki‡ebÕ|
wefvMIqvix RbmsL¨v → ‡h Rb‡Mvôx Avjv`v ivóª MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges cvi‡jI
~ J,[",F!,FQQ 0 wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ aviY K‡i emevm Ki‡Q Zv‡`i‡K ÿz`ª
3}Z @,[E,E",QEM 0 RvwZmËv ev b„-‡Mvôx ev& DcRvwZ e‡j|
0 .- !,[@,@E,[([ 0 → Av`gïgvwi 2011 Abymv‡i, evsjv‡`‡k emevmiZ ÿz`ª b„-
2 !,FJ,!@,@QM 0 ‡Mvôxi msL¨v †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 1.10 kZvsk|
%2 !,F",([,"(J 0
/ !,(@,[F,[[E 0
→ 2010 mv‡j ÿz`ª b„-‡Mvôx mvs¯‹…wZK cªwZôvb AvBb (2010
Gi 23 bs AvBb) Gi aviv 19 G cÖ`Ë ÿgZv e‡j ÿz`ª
QF,E@,"@J 0
b„‡Mvôxi msL¨v 50wU D‡jøL K‡i ‡M‡RU cÖKvk K‡i 11‡k
0 % : / 87 7 0- 2 0 ' (E.@!%)
gvP©, 2019 G ms¯‹…wZ gš¿Yvjq|
. y (@.@!%)
0 % : 87 7 ./ 0 ' → cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq Gi m~Î g‡Z, 48wU|
. ¢ ((.!Q%) (- (.JM%) → 3}Z /5 0 /0 ¦ –
0 % : . J / 0 ' (%2 , 7 . /, , 13wU m¤úª`vq (cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq)
c= £ b u) 11wU m¤úª`vq (evsjv b„-‡Mvôx cwiwPwZ)
9= ~ (Q@@[ 0 / 7 @!"!" 12wU m¤úª`vq (miKvwi wnmve g‡Z)
0 0 / 7 ) → evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q DcRvwZ emevm K‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g hv
3' D (QM 0 / 7 @@E 0 / 7 evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU DcRvwZ Rb‡Mvôxi 50%| DcRvwZ‡`i
) AwaKvsk †eŠ× ag©vj¤^x|
8H 2 .Œ l ¤ˆ
→ cveZ©¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DcRvwZ‡`i mv‡K©j n‡”Q 03wU| h_v-
0 % ([(.J(%) (Q.E(%) ((.F(%) ((."(%)
PvKgv, gs I †evgvs| ivRv‡K ejv nq mv‡K©‡ji cÖavb|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 457
PvKgv mv‡K©‡ji eZ©gvb ivRvi bvg e¨vwi÷vi †`evkxl ivq| mvuIZvj
wZwb PvKgv ivRes‡ki 51Zg ivRv|
AB … -' % 7 s - 0 7 s-।
.: H 5 0 3 (?K ), ( … -') T 9 0 .-, 2 B p& 0 '। AB )«
: • 5 0 7 I % ' (g‡b ivLyb : LvMv) 8 8 - - ) « -' ( ? / - )« '_) 0 7 s- ।
AB 7& : , - 7 n —, 3 d , 2
‡R‡b ivLyb : Lvwmqv I Mv‡iv e¨ZxZ evKx mKj DcRvwZi
u /A # A & 32 ) «-# ' / : ¦ 5
cwievi wcZ…Zvwš¿K|
। 5H I B7 A 0 ' AB 0 7 s- ।
% 7& & - 0। D 3-1
0 .' → ‡cvkvK : x %‡_ &। 5 ) .' \#
2 5 0 cvOb (‡gŠjfxevRvi), jvDqv| 3 ) .' ‘ . /’।
5 0 ' § , B -, 02 2, 7 → ? % :8 Ges we‡kl Lvevi bwjZv ev cvUkvK|
2 3' 'g ' ' \I 5 0 wZ → AB 5 :
1 l . '
% ' Z p 6 3 2‚ 04 K %& •&
3}Z ? 3- ) - 2 ¨ 5
q0 - [ AvM÷ ' q 5 (1 ¬2 ) em‡šÍvrme
6 7- D 7.- ) = n ? K # / #
B % )4 6 3 7 2 7# 0
9 B' 5
7 8t 1 04 — . &'
B . 50 ‡_ -5 0 ' 87 B' 5
BA B Z ? .' .
02 3 8 6 3 &2, - , ?8: mvuIZvj we‡`ªvn
3 !QEE AB ƒ Z ) '
2 |62 # i % ?U5 0 5 3 ( - w ) 04। # 62 = 0 - =, . 0 B
65 0 . > , ‘ .0 '- । !QEF x- ^ . . - .'
.B . ?3 ' & AB t .।

7 0 ' & 3 6 .'। gvigv

G H 5H - : i
9 -'। 7 : • 5 0 । )4 5 0 । 0 7= )
/ 0 I /, D ( 3e2 . &
PvKgv/Pvsgv ) # % 7& & । I '_
D , — / B % 7& & 0 ' - = 7 s- )q7 । 0‰ 8 ' । =
? % 7 s 5 0 । 3 0 7 s- ‘¨ 0 ’। K _ % - )^ =
— / 0 ("Q # )। 3 I -' 0 # / 5 . -' ? 3- Y ®- . 5j9 । 9 l
% # l )^ -। ? 0- : 0। e-। 3' &5 ‘ Z ’। # 'g -
02 3 8< % B 5 K । =- =- i- /' # ) I
("Q # )। .
: H l 0 7 s-। .: H । &' &' 5 0 u 2 &।
# l 0 7 s- ? Z© i / । 8 ) =3 , 0 7= ? : ।
0 B i 2 0 3 2 ' । =12 - → Z ‘ '’ # Z ? '0
- 3 । ।
→ 3 0 ? .> 0। # & # Z ? → 0 ? . 3-1 0।
cÖkœ t PvKgv‡`i .' ‘ ’।
el©eiY → 2 |62 # i % ? U 5 0 -' 2 | 6 5 3।
→ 3 0 7 s- — / 0 '। ª ' ।
Abyôvb‡K ejv
nq- weRy [‡lvok → .: H 5 0 . 3 ª '। → ? % :8 B 0।
wbeÜb (¯‹yj → 9= l & )4 D5 ? .> 02 → ?' % : G B WA/ 8 ।
( =5 )। x’ B 2 ?K
ch©vq) 2019] → :K B 7।
#5 .'। ?K .'
12 02 # .' 3i w q 9 02। → … -' ‘ Z ’5 .'।
→ 2 ' 7u t ./3 t . ' 02¥ gwYcyix
% (!MMF- QM)। = 2 - /, l 8- 0 , . 7‚ 0 ' ।
→ 3 8 ' % ?K 5 4 ‘1 ’। Dcb¨vmwU ) l 8- 0 7 ‚। = 2 - =
cÖKvwkZ nq 2004 mv‡ji 19 †deªæqvwi| )^ -।
→ ‘3 ’ h )K ^ ।
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 458
→ = 2 - x / 7 i 8|। 7 i x / . = 2 - KvuKb wewe
# ¯2 ?' = 2 -। 2 |62 - 6 , - I B pU3 (% ' ª '
→ = 2 - % g: ‘ = 2 - 3’। ‡MvcxbvP n‡”Q 0v)। ‡nwbwÂZv। @! 3, @(!Q
ivavK…‡òi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvP| ™+ 7 । (?K ) ' - 3 . ' )।

→ 2 0 7 s- : — । = 2 - K # / †¤ªv ev gyis
œ . G ' # 0 7 s- । ‡gªv D , K 3, B
→ % : 8 , , WA/ , 0। % B' । 0 5 0 ।
' # % D , 6 → ‡gªv )4 C‰ x % – G।
\_ ।
→ ‡gªv 0 w ।
→ 0 7 K = 2 - I -' 7 s- ° -
• - 3- 7 i82|।
→ ‡gªv ' 6 & B' ।

→ 5 : K6 i , 6i, . 5 , 3i w q,
→ evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q DuPz RbemwZc~Y© GjvKvi bvg ‡KIµvWs
9= ।
ce©‡Zi cvwmscvov| GwU gyis Avw`evmx Aay¨wlZ Rb‡Mvôx|
→ = 2 - . ? 3- 9 . > ‘±7 ’। #/ wÎcyiv
# / 7- । "" = 2 - 0 % - i 2 ;2t 0 H — /, % 7& &, D ,
(Pakhangba) . .= 5 ; ' 0 /, • € , 3}Z 0 '।
)^s 6
9 5 O P # / 7- .' = .'।
Q h- # / i B' 7 ?K %
→ i 2 1। / "F / 1 ।
!F / # 8 i 2 @( /।
. ।( K i9 : _' )
→ i 2 - 3 ) .' ‘ ’#
Mv‡iv 5 ) .' ‘ ’।
gvw›`iv evsjv‡`‡k Mv‡iv bv‡g AwaK cwiwPZ| Zviv ÔAvwPK-KzwmKÕ → @ # i 2 ;2t
A_©vr cvnvwo fvlvq K_v e‡j| 0 H 5 ‘ C ’ .'।
→ G‡`i †Mv·K Zv‡`i fvlvq ÔPvw”PÕ Ges esk‡K ÔgvnvwiÕ ejv → i 2 W % % (7 ) C• r '।
nq|
→ gvw›` mgvR gvZ…-m~Îxq, A_©vr gvZv n‡jb cwiev‡ii cÖavb| ivLvBb cÖkœ t wb‡Pi †Kvb
ivLvBbiv gM bv‡g cwiPZ| Avw` wbevm gvqvbgv‡ii AviKvb ÿz`ª b„-ZvwË¡K
→ mšÍvb‡`i‡K gv‡qi Dcvwa MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| gv‡qi m~‡ÎB iv‡R¨| Giv g~jZ †eŠ× ag©vj¤^x| ivLvBb‡`i me‡P‡q eo agx©q Rb‡Mvôxi RbMb
gvw›`‡`i eskaviv ev ÔgvnvwiÕ wba©vwiZ nq| Drm‡ei bvg †eŠ× c~wY©gv|
→ mgZ‡ji Mv‡iv‡`i fvlvi bvg Ôjvg`vbxÕ| gMax I gM bv‡g
cwiwPZ?
→ gvw›`‡`i Avw` a‡g©i bvg Ômvsmv‡iKÕ Avi cÖavb †`eZvi bvg IuivI [cÖavbgš¿xi
ÔZvZviv iveyMvÕ| wKš‘ gvw›` RvwZmËvi AwaKvsk gvbyl IuivI ;2t 0 H 0 2 , 2 , 0 .- 0 '।
eZ©gv‡b wLªóvb ag© MÖnY Kivq wLªó-agx©q AvPvi Abyôvb¸‡jvB Kvh©vjqvaxb
→ IuivI Z ? . । Awa`ßi (Rywbqi
GLb Zv‡`i cÖavb ag©xq Abyôv‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
→ gvw›` bvix‡`i HwZn¨evnx ‡cvkv‡Ki bvg Ô`Kgv›`vÕ I → IuivI os । wdì Awdmvi)
Ô`KkvwiÕ| cyiæl‡`i HwZn¨evnx †cvkvK n‡jv ÔMv‡›`vÕ| → IuivI ? -' 5 ‘1 p' ’ 1 ¬2 % 2019]
5 6 .'।
→ gvw›`‡`i RbwcÖq Lvev‡ii bvg ÔLvwoÕ| gyiwMi gvsm w`‡q GwU
ivbœv Kiv nq| → IuivI / । . I' , B I' B
i' ।
→ AZx‡Z gvw›`‡`i gv‡S †`vÕPvjv j¤^v evmM„n †ek RbwcÖq wQj|
G ai‡bi Ni‡K gvw›` fvlvq ejv nq ÔbKÕ| gvnv‡Zv
→ Mv‡iv‡`i HwZn¨evnx Pvl c×wZ Ryg Pvl| . ;2t 0 H 3' 07‚ 0 '।
→ . : ¦ 7 s- 8 g: ?K 5 4
Lvwmqv ‘ ’। 5 4 / 3 D¾¡j . । .
% ' /, l 8- 0 , o- I B . 7‚ 0 '। ' 3 5 4 ‘ ’ # 89 % = i।
% ' 3 । → G‡`i MÖvg cÖavb‡K ejv nq gvnv‡Zvqv|
→ % ' ' 0 ² 50 B 12 7 → gvnv‡Zviv mbvZb a‡g©i Abymvix| wcZ…cÖavb mgvRe¨e¯’v|
2 I। → cÖavb ag©xq MÖš’- AvuBb¨vk
→ % ' 5² K25। → cÖavb ag©xq Drme- mnivq (‡Mvqvj I M„ncvwjZ cï cyRv),
→ ) - / 0 ‰RqšÍxKv‡Z % ' । Kvivg I wRwZqv (e„ÿ cyRv I e›`bv)
→ gvnv‡Zv‡`i fvlv Kzigvjx cÖvq wejywßi c‡_|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 459
AÂjwfwËK cÖavb cÖavb DcRvwZ %' ª ' -' 5
DcRvwZi bvg emev‡mi ¯’vb 1 p' AB B B B 5 0 -' )^s । [
3 3}Z , — / (cÖavb Avevm¯’j), % 7& & %2 : 1 B B ]
( h )K ^ ) B D ( 3e2 . & ) . AB -' 5
i 2 (/ ) % 7& & (cÖavb Avevm), D B — / b2 2 7 AB -' 5
( 7 B D , • 0 , LvMovQwo Rj‡Kwj ivLvBb‡`i ag©xq Drme
3 )
% /2' % - B • 0
(gM bv‡gI cwiwPZ) DcRvwZ‡`i fvlv
— l 8- 0 । evsjv‡`‡k 32wU DcRvwZi wbR¯^ fvlv i‡q‡Q|
7 ' ., / I , 2 B i , : 7 s- 8 : 7 s- 8
(? : : D) MvRxcyi, wm‡jU, mybvgMÄ, Rvgvjcyi %
AB 2 , 0 .-, 0 2 , p& , bv‡Uvi, 7 D % ' %
PvcvBbeveMÄ, bIMvu (Clue: isivw`e‡K bvPvb) AB AB BA B • , t
= 2 - /, l 8- 0 , . 7‚ i 2 = 2 - ¯2 ?'
%2 - D , BK 3K ' gvnv‡Zv bvMwi, Kzigvjx
2 /¨ D । (3}Z ? 3- ) -)
7 % 7& &, — /, D B /2' % - DcRvwZ‡`i ms¯‹…wZK cªwZôvb
2 LvMovQwo, ev›`ievb I — / cÖwZôvb ) T
\7 — /, K·evRvi, PÆMÖvg, ev›`ievb, 5 0 -' g: # _ , wewiwkwi, i =
LvMovQwo i (1977)
% — / U B 0T - 5 0 -' g: S /5/ — /
.0 ' ., i , / I ‡kicyi| 5 0 -' g: S /5/ D
BA B 2 , B7 A B p& , w`bvRcyi ;2t -: 7 s- g: S /5/ % 7& &
% ' / 0' q . &, ‡gŠjfxevRvi, = 2 - # _ l 8- 0
nweMÄ, mybvgMÄ % g: S /5/ • 0
B' -, l' - CD • 0 g: • • 0
ivReskx iscyi 0 .- 8 7-' -: 7 s- g: # _ - 0 .-
wLqvs ivOvgvwU, PÆMÖvg I ev›`ievb → DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK GKv‡Wwg, wewiwkwi, †b·Kvbv n‡jv
cvs‡Lvqv ev›`ievb I ivOvgvvwU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª|
PvK ev›`ievb → DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK Bbw÷wUDU, ev›`iev‡b DcRvZxq hv`yNi
eb‡RvMx (eg) ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo I ev›`ievb i‡q‡Q|
gyÐv Lyjbv, h‡kvi, wm‡j‡Ui Pv evMvb
gvnv‡Zv wmivRMÄ, PvucvBbeveMÄ, bIMvu, cvebv, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwšÍ Pzw³
e¸ov, wm‡jU → ÿz`ª b„-‡Mvôxi ‡Mwijv msMV‡bi bvg ÔkvwšÍ evwnbxÕ hvi
cÖwZôvZv gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv| Gi eZ©gvb cÖavb n‡”Q
†R¨vwZwi›`ª bvivqY †evwawcÖq jvigv ev mš‘ jvigv|
DcRvwZ‡`i Drme
5 0 = )^s । ‰PÎ → Pzw³ ¯^vÿi : 2 wW‡m¤^i, 1997
msµvwšÍ Dcj‡ÿ G Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| → cÿ-wecÿ : ; 3-1 ‘ 2 .
ˆPÎ gv‡mi †kl `yB w`b I bee‡l©i cÖ_g w`b‡K h2€ .। . & ; 0 . 0 •
wN‡i G Drme cvwjZ nq| C , Z # b2 ?' ( µ )
# ;U Š . । C i 2 , → 3}Z ' •= ' MwVZ nq 15 RyjvB, 1998
Z I ivLvBb‡`i # b2 3 Ges Kvh©µg ïiæ nq 27‡g, 1999|
=5 ।
→ 3}Z \ 7u Kiv nq ![[Q mv‡j|
u #/ l # / -' 5 । 0 .
3- • #/ .'। # / 9 3
→ /™ 3}Z ‰ 'H 04 3 0 ?-
I {2 1 ' 3 µ : ¶ ![M!
)^s . B , \I B i 2 ª '
0 . # % . ![M"
।
‘ q . -’ 7 u .'। 0 . ' . & B
• % -' 5
— - … 3}Z
0 % -' 5
T '-8 q ' ; %. 0 .
B' 7 7 -' 5 । 9 6 ? - B' 7 ।
K ![[M q 32 | G ।
[ %2 : 7 e B' ]
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 460
PZz_© Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
wm‡jevm : Dbœqb cwiKíbvi †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx, RvZxq K. M.J( % L. M."(%
M. F.[(% N. Q.@(% DËi: K
Avq-e¨q, ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, `vwi`ª¨
12. @(!E- !F )K 7& 9 º- - ("Q
we‡gvPb BZ¨vw`| # )
weMZ eQ‡ii cÖkœ K. E.[@ % L. E.E( %
01. t 0 7 s- c= ' - M. F.(E % N. M.@( % DËi: K
C • & ' ? (!J # ) 13. 0 -' ' 7= ' )K - '/ 8 7
K. : L. Z -= 87 .'? ("Q # )
M. ' N. Bmjvgx e¨vsK DËi : L K. !J L. !E
02. @(!F- !M )K )0 )K· ? : . M. !@ N. !( DËi: L
? ("M # ) 14. 2018 mv‡j cvi K¨vwcUv wRwWwc (bwgbvj) KZ? (40Zg
K. 7.24 kZvsk L. 7.05 kZvsk wewmGm)
M. 6.95 kZvsk N. 7.40 kZvsk DËi : K K. $ 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi
e¨vL¨v : A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2019 Abymv‡i cÖew„ ×i nvi- Ges L. $ 1751 gvwK©b Wjvi
AbywgZ cÖe„w× nvi- 8.20%| M. $ 1752 gvwK©b Wjvi
03. ECNEC –# 3' 8 ? ("F # )
N. $ 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi DËi
K. ? •- L. )K •-
M. N •- N. K •- DË&i: K ‡bvU : A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abymv‡i gv_vwcQy Avq-
04. N 7:.- ; )^6 '- U \ - 1909 gvwK©b Wjvi|
N - ("E # ) 15. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb KZ?
K. @(!F- @(@( L. @(!E- @(@( (40Zg wewmGm)
M. @(!"- @(!Q N. / ' DË&i: K K. 29.66% L. 30.66%
05. 5<' 1 ¸' - T ? (@E B M. 32.66% N. 33.66%^ DËi N
"J # ) e¨vL¨v : A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2018 Abyhvqx, wRwWwc‡Z
K. 0 L. 8 / wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb 33.71% hv ÔNÕ Ack‡bi KvQvKvwQ|
M. + N. # _ DËi: M 16. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g f¨vU Pvjy nqÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm)
06. .: .6 - /? (@! B K. 1991 mv‡j L. 1973 mv‡j
"! # ) M. 1986 mv‡j N. 1996 mv‡j DËi K
K. 0 L. 0
M. 8 N. 62| “ DËi: K
07. ‰ - !(( / / ?K 3 2 .'? A_©bxwZi cÖviw¤¢K K_v-evZ©v
(!F # ) → ‘Economics’ h/ Z h ‘Oikonomia’ K
K. !F 3 ![M@ L. !F _ e ![M@ 5j9 6 )K ‘7:.T - 3 ’। # V ? H
M. J 3 ![M@ N. J 0 ^' ![M" DËi: M msÁv, ‘)K - ^ )8 B N . 67
08. 9 60 % K 3 2 .'? (@E - G G ' 3 = '
# )
3 ’।
K. ! 02 , ![[! L. ! 02 , ![["
M. ! 02 , ![[E N. ! 0 ^' , ![[F DËi: K → )K - 0 ) _ »K। 2 )K - 0
09. 5 K y 0‰ ' .'? 2' । )K - ?K x 8 7 ( ˆ
(@J # ) B ˆ )87 7 § ।
K. ' L. B U W¹ → 2 ' - )K - : !QM( ¤S h K ![!(
M. 89 0‰ N. 9 60 DËi: N ¤ˆ h 6q 2 ¦ ˆ . ‘ 2 ' -
10. @(!M- !Q )K 5<' 93 ' ? (@J )K - ’ ‘? q )K - ’ 7 & 5 u। A2 0 )K -
# ) '• . ।
K. !E",""! / /
→ 0 -' .' !E de ।
L. !!(,M(( / /
M. !!@,E(( / / w' N . 6 .' ‘ 9 60
N. !@E,"(( / / ’।
11. M \ - N ' ? 7& → A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Pvi ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| h_v-
0 _ ? : )0 ; i - ("Q # ) K. abZvwš¿K ev cyuwRev`x
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 461
L. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v → ' ? _‡/ 6 1 S ?K
M. wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯’v (![@! ) 5<' \ - N Z.=
N. Bmjvgx A_©e¨e¯’v ‘ \ - N ’? T %
→ 1991 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy nq| ।
→ Bail out kãwU A_©bxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ| wKQz w`b c~‡e© evsjv‡`‡ki cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvmg~n
wMÖ‡mi A_©‰bwZK msKU †`Lv w`‡j ÔBail out’ wb‡q ?K \ - N (! 02 , ![M" –
Av‡jvPbvi †Uwej mie _vK‡Z hvq| g~jZ ‡`Dwjqvcbv "( 02 , ![MQ)
I A¯^”QZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a A_©‰bwZK mnvqZvi e¨vcviwU‡KB … -' \ - N (![Q(- ![QE)
ejv nq ÔBail out’| : -' \ - N (![QE- ![[()
3 2K \ - N (![[(- ![[E)
Dbœqb cwiKíbvi †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx \ \ - N (![[M- @((@)
s \ - N (@(!!- @(!E)
Dbœqb cwiKíbvi cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv|
→ 5<' N (J (3 )
? s u 0 । 6K - !. N
U \ - N (@(!F- @(@()
, @. 0 -' )K· , 3. 0 -' → U \ - N ? : ? :
)K· .- /, J. •= '/ 8 7 ¶ ¸ =: ? 7 ; ' । '
3 5 । ; i – ? ' "@ % // । -? 4 -
‰T % ।
→ N (Planning Commission):
N 3' ‘? •-’।
U \ - N ; B 5 OP
cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb‡K wb‡qvM †`b ivóªcwZ|
0_ ? : Q 5<- =, t 9 - =,
N ) T 7 ’।‘
G 5<' , x B% H ½ ž =
N .' ![M@ 7u।
# ' 5<- =। /
!E )^ > “ 5 62| 5<'
# U \ - N - ' q 7:.-
N ?=' 0 7= l 3 . 9 =
.'। N - ' W ?K 02 , @(!E –
K 5< 0- 6 i ž = '¶ '
_ e , @(!E 6q. … -' @(!F- @(!Q 6q #
.' ।
39& q @(!Q- @(@! 6q।
→ 0 -' )K· (National Economic
Council-NEC): # : ?=- ; B 5 OP → … N : 5<' N
)^6 '- = 8< •= ' B 8 7 b # / …- N B B' . ' ।
0 0 N B 9 3 ?=' । • ![MQ- ![Q( ' # N / 7:.- .'।
# K । ? •- K → ?K 6lK )K· 7 u .' ![Q@
? 8' 8 ¶ । । K 6lK )K·
→ 0 -' )K· .- / (The ' !M / B ! / T K। ( .
Executive Committee of the National ' K)
Economic Council –ECNEC): 0 -' )K·
5<' 1 (BDF) :
.- / (ECNEC) • 8 7
 7 u .' ![MJ । Gi c~e©bvg wQj Ôc¨vwim
q 0 -' )K· .- / 7u
u B 6 Š = .'। # ?- 1 #
Kb‡mvwU©qvg MÖæc| # / eZ©gv‡b
G 9 - . ' 6 '। ![Q@ ‘# _ /' ’ 3 ।
)K B N •- ¼' # /  @((" K 5<' 1 u
7 u .'। )^ s . >। ? ¸' - T
+ ।
Dbœqb cwiKíbv  . 6 - –0 ।
→ \ - ?='N ‘  ms¯’v wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k‡K . 6
N ’। # 6 / !( / (Soft Loan) - _#। 0
5<' N ' .' । v M / \ =0 T ‘0 ’। IBRD ‡K ejv nq
N ,@ / t 3 l i # ! / …-
ÔHard Loan Window’.
5<' N ।
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 462
RvZxq Avq-e¨q ev‡RU- 2019-20
0 -' ' (National Income) KZZg ev‡RU? 49Zg
→ RvZxq Avq cÖKv‡ki wewfbœ gva¨g- ‡NvlYv K‡ib Av n g gy¯Ídv Kvgvj
‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) ev‡RU †ck nq 13 Ryb, 2019
bxU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) ev‡RU cvm nq 30 Ryb, 2019
‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) Kvh©Ki nq 01 RyjvB, 2019
cÖkœ t eZ©gvb
→ # # / 5 t Z- B ev‡R‡Ui AvKvi 523,190 ‡KvwU UvKv A_©eQ‡i miKvi
(wRwWwci 18.13%)
6 )K 9 0 -' ' . )8. .'। cÖe„w×i nvi KZ
‡gvU Avq 381,978 †KvwU UvKv
5 t .
9 B ) T -' n‡e e‡j Abygvb
7 )0 ' 0 -' ' )q82|। )K , GDP
ivR¯^ Avq 377,810 †KvwU UvKv
GwWwc 2,02,721 †KvwU UvKv K‡i‡Qb? [ ¯^v¯’¨
B GNP 58' 0 -' ' B 82|। I cwievi
→ GDP – Gross Domestic Product )K 8 g~j¨ùxwZi jÿ¨gvÎv 5.5%
Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq
-' 7 : 5 / 5 AbywgZ cÖe„w× 8.2%
(DcmnKvix
GDP 3 । )K· -; 2019 )^ m‡ev©”P LvZ RbcÖkvmb (18.50% kZvsk)
cÖ‡KŠkjx-
GDP # 2% % % Gi Ae`vb 51.26
wmwfj) 2019]
kZvsk| # & B : % , N % Gi Ae`vb h_vµ‡g 13.60 wKQz A_©‰bwZK cwifvlv
kZvsk Ges 35.14 kZvsk। K 2 '
0/ À
= . 1909 _ । wRwWwc‡Z K…wli Ae`vb µgk
(Revenue Budget) 0‰ % ' . 0‰
n«vmgvb Ges wk‡íi Ae`vb evo‡Q|
0‰ 0/ 0/ ।
→ GNP # 9=Š . Gross National Product )K (Development 5<' % ' . 5<'
8 . -' 7 : 5 Budget) 5<' 0/ .'।
/ 5 . GNP। 6% ' B U 0/
' ¾ .' % GDP B GNP # .'। (Surplus Budget) 0‰ % '- ' .
5…:H 0/ 5<' 0/ ।
→ / 0 -' ' œ /0 %
(Deficit Budget) ' # ' . /
' 87 6 1 1 B' 6 ', œ
/ 0/ 0/ ।
K 2 '। 0 7 s- 0- - 6 (Supplementary K G9 0/
B )K· ) T 0 ;i K 2 ' Budget) .'। )K 9 0/
K / . 0 । / ' = Y, / G9 0/ 2 ' ' ' ; i 6 0/
0 % = P. K 2 7& ' = Y/P। .' G9 0/ ।
→ miKvwi Av‡qi Drmmg~n- AveMvwi I ïé, g~j¨
ms‡hvRb Ki, evwYR¨ ïé, AvqKi, ÷¨v¤ú, f~wg ivR¯^bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP
ivR¯^, miKvix e¨vsK I exgv cÖwZôvb, †iwR‡÷ªkb, ivR¯^bxwZ
wewfbœ ai‡bi my`, ivóªvqË wkí BZ¨vw`| → 0‰ K? ;B ;x )q89| K ।
→ miKv‡ii e¨q `yB cÖKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| K. Dbœqb e¨q ' .8 7 8<
(†hgb-ADP) Ges L. Abybœqb e¨q| K । 3' - ' .' ; K ।#;i
Value Added Tax VAT # 89 )Z7= । ;
→ ADP Gi AšÍM©Z LvZmg~n- wkí, we`y¨r, cjøx Dbœqb, # / ![[! ! 02 K 3 2 .' 6 !E%
†hvMv‡hvM, ¯^v¯’¨, RbmsL¨v, wkÿv, cwienb cÖfw… Z| . 6 .'। VAT ev g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki (g~mK) w`em
cvwjZ nq 10 wW‡m¤^i|
RvZxq ev‡RU → ? ; : ? ; . 7 'B G
→ 0/ – ˆ )K L '- ' ' : 0‰। 6 - AvqKi I f~wgKi| cÖkœ t g~j¨
. – 0/ )8. .'। → ; : ; . = B 5 B ms‡hvRb Ki
→ !QF! _ 5 . ?K 0/ = w', -B U # )8 q -= - =0 GKwU- [‡lvok
# ‰ - 05 O . ?K 0/ 5 । 6 - g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki, wbeÜb (K‡jR
= । AveMvwi ïé। ch©vq) 2019]
→ #% 6q )K •- 12 . Ges Aveyj gvj Ave`yj → AvqKi : †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi Dci avh©KZ
… Ki‡K
gywnZ ‡hŠ_fv‡e 0/ (12wU K‡i) = - wn‡m‡e ejv nq AvqKi| AvqKi cÖ`v‡b e¨_© Ki`vZv‡K †Ljvcx
% । Ki`vZv ejv nq|

cÖkœ g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki w`em KZ Zvwi‡L D`hvwcZ nq?

[cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vjqvaxb Awa`߇ii wewfbœ c` (mnKvix
cwiPvjK) 2019]
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 463
→ ‡`‡ki cÖ_g Ki b¨vqcvj LvBiæ¾vgvb †PŠayix| 2006 Strategy Paper Z.= 6 # 8 H ‰Š 0
mv‡j wZwb `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| ।
→ 0 -' 0‰ _ : 0 -' 0‰ _ NBR → 'g 8 3 2 .' ![[Q ।
' '¶ ' 0 । RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© MwVZ → I % 6 ' 8 t- + - ।
nq 1972 mv‡j| 0 -' ' .' !E → Z -= ^ = 0 ) U 3
de । NBR Gi cÖav‡bi c`ex †Pqvig¨vb| 93 # # ।
→ "( 8e ( ' 0 )6 → mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx : Lv`¨ kw³ MÖnY c×wZ,
? TIN ‘Taxpayers cÖZ¨ÿ K¨vjwi MÖnY c×wZ Gi gva¨‡g `vwi`ª¨ cwigvc
Identification Number’ ? .'। N5 . Kiv nq| †h e¨w³ cÖwZw`b 1805 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Gi
' 8 / • B•1 BK 6 wb‡P Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Zvu‡K e‡j Hardcore Poverty
“/ • . _” 3 । ev nZ`wi`ª| wek^e¨vs‡Ki g‡Z, hv‡`i ˆ`wbK Avq
→ 2012 mv‡ji 26‡k †g Ki cwi‡kv‡ai AbjvBbwfwËK 1.90 Wjvi ev 148 UvKv Gi Kg Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq
B-‡c‡g›U ev B‡j±ªwbK †c‡g›U c×wZ Pvjy nq| nZ`wi`ª| `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I cjøx Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
→ 2013 mv‡j eTIN ev electronic Tax f~wgKv cvjb Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k wmiWvc cyi¯‹vi jvf
Identification Number Pvjy nq| K‡i 2013 mv‡j| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi Kg©m~wPi
→ 2017 mv‡j cÖeZ©b Kiv nq ÔKi evnv`yi cwieviÕ| AvIZvq bM` A_© mnvqZv Kvh©µg-
→ RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Af¨šÍixY m¤ú` K. bM` A_© mnvqZv cÖ`vb
wefv‡Mi (IRD) AšÍM©Z| - eq¯‹fvZv Kg©m~wP (1998)
→ Ki wefvM A_© gš¿Yv‡qi Aaxb GKwU cÖwZôvb| - `wi`ª gv‡qi Rb¨ gvZ…Kvjxb fvZv
9 º- b' = - : - gyw³‡hv×v m¤§vbx fvZv
' 8 t
2 º- { t
2 . '•= - weaev I ¯^vgx cwiZ¨v³v `y¯’ gwnjv fvZv
6' - knx` cwievi I hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wPwKrmv I m¤§vbx
9 º- = t
2 . : µ 0 -' - gyw³‡hv×v I Zv‡`i †cvl¨‡`i Rb¨ cÖwkÿY I
5 Á AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’v‡b ÿz`ªFY
t
2 - . 6 - . 6 )K - Kg©Rxex j¨vK‡UwUs gv`vi mnvqZv
67 '•= .'। - cÖwZeÜx †mev I mvnvh¨ †K›`ª (Iqvb ÷c mvwf©m)
t
2 3 2 .' J 0 ^' , ![M" - A¯^”Qj cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ fvZv I wkÿv
! B @ / )K 3 - ‡e‡` I AbMÖmi Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœqb
/‰; K - GwZg wkï‡`i †LvivwK
5 . ?K 70 t
2 !QEM - wnRov Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœqb
3 2 .'
5 / ? ‡/ 7 0- 2 L. Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Pjgvb Kg©m~wP
? ) T  Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ (KvweLv)- 1974 mv‡j Pvjy nq|
!((( / @M ) ” , @((Q  I‡cb gv‡K©U †mj (IGgwm)
Â9 /3 2. '  Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q UvKv (KvweUv)
!(( / / J 3, ![M@  Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF)
?K 3 2 .'  MÖvgxY AeKvVv‡gv iÿYv‡eÿY
 Vulnerable Group Development (VGD)
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Kg©m~wP  AwZ `vwi‡`ª¨i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vb Kg©m~wP
→ t 3 l i (PRSP): B
M. mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZvq cÖKí
8< # 0Bp = 9 %- ; Z. =
-Á ? = 3ˆ 6 >।
↔ GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi- cÖKí Pvjy nq 1996 mv‡j|
# . ' x’ PRSP ‘Poverty ↔ M„nvqb Znwej
Reduction Strategy Paper’ Z.= । ?K ↔ Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~wP (2q ch©vq)
PRSP–I # ' 02 @((F K 02 @((Q ↔ AvkÖqb- 2 (`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I cybe©vmb) cÖKí
# … -' PRSP–II # ' 02
@(!( K 02 @(!@ 6q। PRSP Z. = 9
À -; 9 8 @(("
# IPRSP- Interim Poverty Reduction
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 464
cÂg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨
evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨ : wkí Drcv`b, cY¨ Avg`vwb I ißvwbKiY, Mv‡g©›Um wkí I Gi mvwe©K e¨e¯’vcbv, ˆe‡`wkK †jb-
‡`b, A_© †cÖiY, e¨vsK I exgv e¨e¯’vcbv|
01. Alliance ‡h †`kwfwËK Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi msMVbÑÑ 14. 0' ( W7‚ 1 / 0 #‡_
(40Zg wewmGm) ‡_ «0) % '5 ? (!F B
K. hy³iv‡R¨i L. hy³iv‡óªi DËi L @J # )
M. KvbvWvi N. BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi K. - L. /#
02. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb KZ? M. 0 N. 5 ' DËi-N
(40Zg wewmGm) 15. 7 3 & K U - 4 . T '?
K. 29.66% L. 30.66% ("E # )
M. 32.66% N. 33.66%^ DËi N K. \ L. /
03. ± - ? 5 OP . – (!! # ) M. H N. DËi-N cÖkœ t wek^
K. ± N -' 3A . ž 16. + 0 ² I 7 3 & - evRvi
3 ? ("E # )
L. )? ' 0 -' # ; ± ?r { evsjv‡`‡ki
M. B 2 DËi- L K. • ˆ' Z_ L. 32' _ I Z_
N -' N )Z eø¨vK †e½j
N. - N -' 3A . M. b . Z_ N. . 2 Z_ DËi-K
17. _ 2004-05 )K U ' ? '-
QvM‡ji Pvgov
04. 5 ' 3A – (!! # ) Kx bv‡g
(@J # )
K. ) L. ) '
cwiwPZ?
M. K 7 N. „ DËi-M K. @@.QJ ' _
L. @F.EF _ [miKvix
05. . 2 ;i †: .' ? (!! # )
K. ![QE L. ![QF M. "!.@[ _ gva¨wgK
M. ![QM N. ![QJ DËi-L N. @E."Q _ DËi : me©‡kl Z_¨ Rvbyb we`¨vjq
06. 5 ’ . )K· t
2 - ? (!! 18. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvbx Avq KZ? (40Zg wewmGm) (mnKvix
# ) K. 40 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi wkÿK)- 2019
K. @@E / L. @(( / L. 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
M. @E( / N. !( / DËi-L M. 42 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
07. 5< ' { B' 7 K '? N. 43 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi DËi L
( !@ # ) 19. U '3 & ) T ? (![ # )
K. 0 7 ‚ L. 0 7 ‚ K. ! L. @'
M. 0' 2 N. -7 ‚ DËi-K M. "' N. JK DËi-M
08. 3• 70 ? 3A ? (!J # ) 20. K U ' 87
K. % & L. A ? (!Q # )
M. 0 7 N. - % 7& DËi-L K. ? ' E( 8 7 L. ? ' EE 8 7
09. 0.0‘ S ’ U . ' – ("M M. ? ' F( 8 7 N. ? ' Q( 8 7 DËi-N
# ) 21. ?K 0_ T .' K '? (@( # )
K. _ L. 1 ‡_ K. 8 L. 3}Z
M. B' N. C _ DËi-K M. ' N. Ÿ+ - DËi-L
10. ?K ± K'T .'? 22. t
2 )0 - ? = /% / N
K. 70 ' L. 7 0- 2 /? (@!, @@, @" B "" # )
M. 8 .8 2 DËi-K K. L. / B /0 4
11. ? 0.0 = % K ' ) T ? (!J M. . ' 3 & N. 3 DËi-K
# ) 23. ¢ % K 3' - . 6 '?
K. '=7‚ L. 3}Z ("! # )
M. %2 N. 3 A 2 DËi-M K. 62| “ L. 0
12. 4 3 7 1 / 0 1 ” ™# 5 M. ;= ' N. 0 DËi-L
/? ("E # ) 24. t 0 7 s- c= ' B
K. 5 ' # ## L. /# # ## C • & ' ? (!J # )
M. 5 ' N. _# DËi-K K. : L. Z -=
13. & % '5 wK? (14Zg wewmGm) M. ' N. - DËi-L
K. - L. /# 25. T ? s .'? (@M # )
M. 0 N. 5 ' DËi-N K. ![[E L. ![[F
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 465
M. ![[8 N. @((! DËi-M KvMR evsjv‡`‡ki KvMRKj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g I e„nËg
26. ?K I / 8 3 2 .'? Kj KvMR Kj KY©dzjx KvMRKj (1953)| KvMR
K. ! _ e , ![Q( ˆZwii cÖavb Dcv`vb meyR cvU, †eZ, evuk, KvV,
L. ! 8e , ![Q( ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ cÖf…wZ| KY©dzjx †ccvm© wgj Aew¯’Z-
M. ! 0 ^' , ![Q! P›`ª‡Nvbv, ivOvgvwU| Lyjbv nvW©‡evW© wg‡ji KvuPvgvj-
N. ! 0 ^' , ![M[ DËi-K my›`ie‡bi my›`ix KvV, KY©dyjx KvMRK‡ji KvuPvgvj-
27. 89- 5 Z. • % /? (!E # ) big KvV I evuk, emyÜiv KvMRK‡ji KvuPvgvj-
K. # L. x Avg`vwbK…Z gÐ Ges DËie½ KvMRK‡ji KvuPvgvj-
M. N. 3 DËi-N Av‡Li †Qveov|
28. ?K / 1 T 3 2 .'? (@F Jla me‡P‡q †ewk Ilya ißvwb K‡i ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ| miKvwi
# ) wkí WªvM †Uw÷s j¨ve‡iUwii msL¨v 02wU| c¨viv A¨vwg‡bv
K. J 0 ^' ![[( L. " 1¡' ![[( †dbj n‡jv c¨vivwmUvgj wmivc ˆZwii cÖavb
M. " 3, ![[( N. J 0 ^' , ![[! DËi- K Dcv`vb| †`‡ki cÖ_g Jla cvK© ˆZwi Kiv nq
29. . % - à B8 '/¾ ? (@F # ) gywÝM‡Äi MRvwiqvq| hy³iv‡óª Jlya ißvwbKviK
K. 17 L. 18 cÖwZôvb Ô‡ew·g‡Kv dvg©vwmDwUK¨vjmÕ| jÛ‡bi ÷K
M. 19 N. 21 DËi- M gv‡K©‡U ZvwjKvfy³ †Kv¤úvwb GwU|
30. .: H T D /? (@J # ) RvnvR e„nËg RvnvR wbg©vY I †givgZ KviLvbv Lyjbv
K. †mvbv gmwR` L. PÆMÖvg wbgv©Y wkcBqvW©, †÷jv †gwim wbg©vZv cÖwZôv‡bi Avb›`
M. †ebv‡cvj N. wnwj DËi : M wkí wkcBqvW© (bvivqYMÄ)| evsjv‡`k †_‡K †÷jv
31. I {2 2 % ' /? (@! # ) †gwim RvnvR ‡Wbgv‡K© ißvwb Kiv nq|
K. 75wU L. 59wU Pvgov evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g U¨vbvwi ¯’vwcZ nq bvivqYM‡Ä
M. 48wU N. 50wU DËi : N wkí (1950)| bvivqYMÄ †_‡K U¨vbvwi KviLvbv XvKvi
32. B' .
: % K '? ("@ # ) nvRvwiev‡M Avbv nq 3 A‡±vei, 1951| nvRvixevM
K. PÆMÖvg L. cvKkx †_‡K U¨vbvix 66 eQi ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq mvfv‡ii Pvgov
M. AvLvDov N. ‰mq`cyi DËi : N wkí bMix‡Z| cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Pvgov I
33. K~ K %2 9 ¶ ? ("! # ) PvgovRvZ cY¨ Ô‡cÖvWv± Ae w` BqviÕ †NvlYv K‡ib 1
K. 627 wK.wg. L. 529 wK.wg. Rvbyqvwi, 2017| Pvgov I PvgovRvZ cY¨
M. 412 wK. wg. N. 312 wK.wg. DËi : M evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb ißvwbKviK cY¨|
34. =)K = cvU evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g meyR cvU e¨envi K‡i KvM‡Ri
K ? ("Q # ) wkí gÐ ˆZwii cÖhyw³ D™¢vweZ nq| evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g
K. fviZ L. Pxb cvUKj ¯’vcb Kiv nq 1951 mv‡j| RyU‡b cv‡Ui
M. hy³ivóª N. hy³ivR¨ DËi : L cwigvY 70% Ges Kvc‡oi cwigvY 30%| W.
35. )4 ' ("Q # ) †gvnv¤§` wmwÏKzjøvn RyUb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| †Zvlv
. : Rv‡Zi cvU †_‡K DbœZgv‡bi Avuk cvIqv hvq|
%. 0 /_ bvivqYMćK GKmgq ejv n‡Zv ÔcÖv‡P¨i W¨vwÛÕ|
7. )Z=- /_ mvi evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g mvi KviLvbv cÖwZwôZ nq 1961
. / ' DËi : K wkí mv‡j| e„nËg mvi KviLvbvi Rvgvjcy‡ii hgybv mvi
36. 3' U – ["M # ] KviLvbv (Pvjy nq 26 wW‡m¤^i, 1991)| ‡`‡k
K. fviZ L. Pxb bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Drcvw`Z ivmvqwbK mv‡ii Pvwn`v
M. _vBj¨vÛ N. hy³ivR¨ DËi : L me‡P‡q †ewk| miKvwi mvi KviLvbv 08wU|
wPwb wPwb Drcv`‡bi cÖavb KvuPvgvj Bÿz| evsjv‡`‡ki
evsjv‡`‡ki wkí Drcv`b wkí e„nËg wPwbKj PzqvWv½vi `k©bv‡Z Aew¯’Z †Kiæ GÛ
w' 3i 9= ? # # 6w †Kvs wjwg‡UW|
1 ?U = 5 . N। 0_ wm‡g›U QvZK wm‡g›U †Kv¤úvwb wj., mybvgMÄ (QvZ‡Ki myigv
N% ) )K· -; 2019 )^ wkí b`xi Zx‡i) evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Ges me‡P‡q cyivZb
35.14%। (40Zg wewmGm) wRwWwc‡Z ‡mev Lv‡Zi Ave`vb wm‡g›U KviLvbv| QvZ‡iK KvuPvgvj Pzbvcv_i
51.26% Ges K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb 13.60%| fvi‡Zi †gNvjq †_‡K Avg`vwb †_‡K Kiv nq|
miKvwi wm‡g›U KviLvbv 5wU (‡gvU 14wU)|
FBCCI (Federation of Bangladesh Chamber of
Commerce and Industry)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cwi‡ekevÜe wkí GjvKv n‡”Q
FBCCI '- - 7u । # /
DËie‡½i wmivRM‡Ä|
![M" ? s .'। # Chamber of → evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †iqb wgj Kb©dzjx †iqb wgj,
Commerce & Industries Association. P›`ª‡Nvbv, ivOvgvwU|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 466
→ wmé Drcbœ nq ivRkvnx‡Z| ‡emiKvwi EPZ
→ evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ A¯¿ KviLvbv MvRxcy‡i Aew¯’Z| I2 ' EPZ 3}Z
70 N, 7 ‡/ N, ± N, 3 N, / N, ' EPZ 3}Z
0 . 0 N, N, ‡/ N, 3 & N, N
G AviI - 0 04 89 7 : -' ) ' %2
A_©‰bwZK AÂj
Avg`vwb I ißvwb (Export & Import) → @("( !(( / )K· )\ =
. । )K· )\ . / J (3 ) । 6K :
→ q0 =0 . x । 6K : !) # , , - (PPP) B ।
@) U । )K· )\ '•= - : ; . ‘
→ W¹ (Custom Duties): : )K· )\ : ; ( 0 )’। # 0 )K .
t B 5 6 6 .' W¹ Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority
.'।
(BEZA)। Bangladesh Economic Zones Act,
→ AveMvwi ïé (Excise Duties) : ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i 2010 # 5 8H @(!( [ 8e
Drcvw`Z I e¨eüZ `ª‡e¨i Dci †h Ki avh© Kiv nq Zv‡K Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority
AveMvwi ïé ejv nq| (BEZA)- # 6 i W .'।
→ )K· -; _/ )^ #• /, → 3- K )K· )\ . > 3}Z ' '।
/ # / V . ' _ 0
% . । #% / :
→ 0 K )K· )\ . > 7 0- 2 o- 2 ।
cÖkœ t → wZbwU A_©‰bwZK AÂj wg‡j MwVZ †`‡ki me©e„nr
evsjv‡`‡ki Export- Import- Remittance-
A_©‰bwZK ej‡qi bvg : e½eÜz †kL gywRe wkíbMi|
miKvwi Bwc‡RW ißvwb cÖwµqvKiY GjvKv (EPZ)
†gvU KZwU? Mv‡g©›Um wkí I Gi mvwe©K e¨e¯’vcbv
→ Q/ EPZ ' । # &B
[‡lvok wbeÜb
@/ EPZ ' । → evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb wkí n‡”Q ˆZwi ‡cvkvK| 2018-19 cÖkœ t
(¯‹yj ch©vq)
→ 1980 mv‡j msm` cÖYxZ GKwU AvB‡bi wfwˇZ A_©eQ‡i ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv I ißvwb Av‡qi wmsnfvM (‡gvUevsjv‡`‡ki
2019]
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Bwc‡RW 1983 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi ißvwbi 83.12%) Av‡m ‰Zwi †cvkvK I bxU Iq¨vi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv
nvwjkn‡i ¯’vwcZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †emiKvwi †_‡K| hy³iv‡óª evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk ˆZwi †cvkvK Av‡qi cÖavb
Bwc‡RW nj PÆMÖv‡gi iv½ywbqvi EPZ. ißvwb K‡i| wØZxq m‡ev©”P ißvwb K‡i BD‡ivcxq LvZ ‡KvbwU?
→ ' ' .
: H . EPZ BDwbq‡b| [miKvix
EPZ ' । 6 3}Z ) T । → BGMEA (Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers gva¨wgK
→ evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ K…wlwfwËK EPZ n‡jv DËiv and Export Association) Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq 1983 we`¨vjq
EPZ, GwU bxjdvgvix‡Z Aew¯’Z| wLª÷v‡ã| (mnKvix
→ EPZ '•= - T Bangladesh Export → ‡cvkvK ißvwb‡Z we‡k^ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb wØZxq Ges wkÿK)- 2019
cÖ_g Pxb|
Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA)।
→ Alliance n‡jv hy³ivóªwfwËK Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi msMVb|
→ Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) – U (40Zg wewmGm) Accord n‡jv BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi
: 0 K । Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jv msMVb|
→ evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb evwYR¨ 93 kZvsk m¤úbœ nq PÆMÖvg → Mv‡g©›Um wk‡í kªwgK‡`i me©wb¤œ gRywi 8000 UvKv|
cÖkœ t e›`i w`‡q| evsjv‡`‡k wek^ evwYR¨ †K›`ª Aew¯’Z Mv‡g©‡›U‡m Kg©iZ gwnjv Rbkw³i 90 kZvsk gwnjv|
evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖv‡g| → Mv‡g©›U‡mi KvuPvgvj myZv I Kvco evsjv‡`k Avg`vwb K‡i|
cÖ_g Bwc‡RW miKvwi EPZ → evsjv‡`‡ki ˆZwi †cvkvK wk‡í wkï kÖwgKgy³ †NvlYv Kiv nq
†Kv_vq ¯’vwcZ . . , 3}Z ![Q" 01jv b‡f¤^i, 1996 mv‡j|
3}Z EPZ
nq? [‡lvok 8 ,~ ![[" → wRGmwc Gi c~Y©iƒc- Generalized System of
~ EPZ
wbeÜb (K‡jR , 7 ./ @" , ![[Q Preferences. hy³iv‡óªi evRv‡i evsjv‡`wk cY¨ wRGmwc
EPZ
ch©vq) 2019] -, ![[Q myweav ‡c‡q AvmwQj 1jv Rbvqvwi 1976 mvj †_‡K| GB
Ÿ+ - EPZ
- 1 - ![[[
myweav ¯’wMZ Kiv nq 27 Ryb, 2013 wLª÷v‡ã|
5H EPZ
• € EPZ D ,• € !E 02 , @((( → gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy nq I Mv‡g©›Um †m±i †_‡K †KvUv
'=7‚ F 3, @((F
c×wZ D‡V hvq- 1 Rvbyqvwi, 2005 wLª÷v‡ã|
0- EPZ
=12 - EPZ I , 3}Z !@ de , @((F → Compliance n‡jv Mv‡g©›Um wk‡í miKv‡ii wewae× AvBb
I bxwZgvjv|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 467
→ evwqs nvDR n‡jv Mv‡g©›Um nvDR I we‡`wk ‡µZv‡`i g‡a¨ → . 6 =
ga¨¯’ZvKvix| = - T bvg- _8 ‡/
‰e‡`wkK †jb-‡`b I A_©‡cÖiY 1 (BDF)
→ ‰e‡`wkK wewb‡qvM (Foreign Investment) : 6% → / )Å 3' - 3-
)4 9 '7 % K
'7 ।’ @(....... 3' - → K B' ’/· G
'7 ' ....................‡_‡K| ................ # - KviY # 3- - K
..................6K w @' # "' ) T ।
→ y c= '- 0 | ms¯’v wn‡m‡e
→ evsjv‡`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf©................. mvj me‡P‡q †ewk FY †`q IDA (Soft loan).
ch©šÍ................ wewjqb Wjvi|
→ 3' t
2 )0 -
→ @(!F ! de ^s 8 6i W
62| “ K
Bangladesh Investment Development Authority-
(BIDA) → =0 / ) 9 = .'- / V
→ mivmwi ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM (Foreign Direct K
Investment) : ? s - : → ‡iwgU¨vÝ AR©‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb beg (cÖ_g
'7 ? ; '7 ‘Foreign fviZ)|
→ me‡P‡q †ewk Rbkw³ ißvwb K‡i ‡mŠw` Avi‡e| cÖkœ t wb‡Pi †Kvb
Direct Investment’ । ª 3'
3' / V )0 - l K †`kwU †_‡K
- '7 ' ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ K ।
@(... ? ; ' 7 = → B 'S 5 ' , Z , ¾/ - / V me‡P‡q †ewk
.................. ' _ । (cwieZ©bkxj Z_¨mg~n u 04 gva¨g| ûwÛ n‡jv gy`ªv wewbg‡qi †iwgU¨vÝ Avq
†cwÝj w`‡q wj‡L wb‡eb) A‰ea e¨e¯’v| ‡`‡k Dcvw©R©Z A‰ea A_© ‰eafv‡e K‡i evsjv‡`k?
→ 5<' 1 (Bangladesh Development we‡`‡k †cÖiY Ges ˆea I A‰ea A_© A‰ea Dcv‡q [cÖavbgš¿xi
Forum-BDF): ![MJ
)” ? s .' we‡`‡k †cªiY Kiv‡K ejv nq Ôgvwb jÛvwisÕ| Kvh©vjqvaxb
# _ Ä (Bangladesh Aid Group)। # → nj- Awa`ßi (Rywbqi
@[ ) ” § V )^ s .' wdì Awdmvi)
# _Ä ?K u ।# u ¶
: ' + । LwbR m¤ú` 2019]
![[M ‘ # _ Ä ’ # 2 = → evg©v I‡qj †Kv¤úvwb wm‡j‡Ui nwicy‡i cÖ_g M¨vm‡ÿÎ
.' ‘ /' Ä ’ (Paris Consortium Avwe®‹vi K‡i 1955 mv‡j| Z‡e cÖ_g M¨vm D‡Ëvjb Avi¤¢
Group)। @((@ ‘ /' Ä ’ # nq 1957 mv‡j|
‘ 5<' 1 ’ .' # = → cÖvK…wZK M¨vm evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb LwbR m¤ú`| cÖvK…wZK
.' - u ~ ' M¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb wg‡_b ( )| cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi
)^ s . । @((" ~ ' _#1 # ?K u Dcv`vbmg~‡ni cwigvY wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
)^ s .'। @((E ‘ # - ' 1 ’ wg‡_b- 80% B‡_b- 7%
_#1 # u )^ s .'। †cÖv‡cb- 6% weD‡Ub I AvB‡mvweD‡Ub-4%
→ ' 7 _ (BOI) 7 u .'- ![Q[ ! †c‡›Ub- 3% Z_¨m~Î- beg-`kg †kÖwYi imvqb
(GKv`k Aa¨vq : LwbR m¤ú` : Rxevk¥)
0 ^' | ' 7 _ cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vj‡qi AvIZvaxb|
evsjv‡`‡k G ch©šÍ †h cÖvK…wZK M¨vm cvIqv †M‡Q Zv‡Z
→ ^s 8 -? 8/ / 6w 99.99% wg‡_b _v‡K|
W .'- !E 3, @(!@
→ # 6q @M / 7 ;i Avwe®‹…Z . ' । •
→ cÖ_g ‘ # B [((!’ /1 / 8 : †: 7 ;i “ 8 K”
- GwmAvB †Kv¤úvwb| ( 8x ' , 8 )।
cÖkœ t evsjv‡`‡ki
→ 87 ' ' 0 -' ' ) ˆ ) - → gRy` M¨v‡mi w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki me©en„ r M¨vm‡ÿ‡Îi bvg e„nËg M¨vm‡ÿÎ
'7 .'। wZZvm, hv eªþYevwoqvq Aew¯’Z| M¨vm‡ÿÎwU Avwe®‹…Z nq
1962 mv‡j| me‡P‡q †ewk M¨vm D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq weweqvbv
†KvbwU?
→ U =0 ? ' 0 T - [CGDF Gi
(nweMÄ) M¨vm †ÿÎ †_‡K|
U 5<' 2 (Export Promotion Bureau) Kvh©vjq (Rywbqi
→ ? : 7 % B' . (A_©eQi- 18-19):
→ t
2 .8 7 -
x (J(.MQ%), /8 (!F.35%), N (!F.96%), AwWUi) 2019]
K 7:.T (16.09%), % (4.38%), # 0
→ K ’/· B =0 G - (4.70%), = 0 (0.83%), 3 - 7 ((.10%)। K i 9 :
)K· -; – 2019

‡bvU Kiæb
‡`‡ki cÖ_g ZijxK…Z cÖvK…wZK M¨vm Uvwg©bvj wbwg©Z ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q- g‡nkLvjx|
| [cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vjqvaxb Awa`߇ii wewfbœ c` (mnKvix cwiPvjK) 2019]
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 468
e¨vsK I exgv e¨e¯’vcbv ‘ ’ 3 - Y /_
5 . 3 2 .' । 8 -' 5 . ?K S _ B / - S ‡_ _ 3 /_
?K •-' ‘ 08 ) ‡_' ’; !["E ¤S h। T 3 2 - /_
cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e we‡k^i cÖ_g e¨vsK mvbwm e¨vsK, Pxb (wLª÷c~e© B ' 1' Uªv÷/ RS /_
600 A‡ã)| we‡k^i cÖ_g miKvwi e¨vsK- e¨vsK Ae †fwbm, . - : 3 -
BZvwj (1157 wLª.)| we‡k^i me©cÖ_g mvsMVwbK e¨vsK e¨vsK Ae
ev‡m©‡jvbv, †¯úb (1401 wLª.)| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g e¨vs‡Ki †kÖwYwefvM
AvaywbK e¨vsK `¨v wn›`y¯v’ b e¨vsK wjwg‡UW (1700 wLª.)| K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
fvi‡Zi cÖ_g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK B‡¤úwiqvj e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv 6 • )K T B T 7u B
(1920)| fvi‡Zi eZ©gvb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK `¨v wiRvf© e¨vsK Ae ' • .', •-' । 6 : ।
BwÛqv (1935 wLª.)| evsjv‡`‡k mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K •-' 0 .
9 :
RvZxqKiY Kiv nq 1972 mv‡j| o t
2 B / ?3 (Issue of coins and notes) : /
→ evsjv‡`‡k e¨vsK weivóªxqKiY ev †emiKvixKiY bxwZ C ;i •-' C : 9 "(% 08
ev¯Íevqb ïiæ nq 1983 mv‡j| cÖ_g †emiKvixK…Z %।
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bvg cyevjx e¨vsK wj. I DËiv e¨vsK o 2 - ?=' B '•= (Determining and controlling
t
wjwg‡UW| the principles of currency)
→ R0 : 82| .
9 6 = )K o t
2 08 ;= (Maintaining foreign
. 0 % K R0 currency reserve)
। ¢| .
9 ?=' .'- o p 08 ;= (Maintaining reserves of
n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBb 1881 mv‡j banks)
‰e‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y AvBb 1947 mv‡j o '. '•= (Control of exchange rate)
G ![[! o c= '•= (Credit control)
G - ![[J o (Govt. Banker)
o )4 4 (Banker as on other banks)
→ CAMELS Rating
9. 6Ç B K ) T 9 ' ; o 6 (Acting as a clearing house)
q0 u # ? o c= (Lender of the last resort)
। )1 / : ˆ8 I
B ' .9 . ? U 8< % 7 ? L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
È = 8H / (A, B, C, D, E Z_) .'। 6 0 7= \ )K . % #
- =0 B N? s ‰N ' - c= ',
C= Capital Adequacy E= Earning, =0 .'। 6 : - , 0 ,
A = Asset Quality L= Liquidity 2 - । ' w =0 6 9
M = Management S = Sensivity to market risk. Z. , 9 (Paid Up Capital) ।
→ Stress Testing is related to assess health of BASEL-III # B ' =0 p
Banking institutions. 9 ' : 9 B ; . J(( // ,
→ G ![[! … '•
.'। 6 9 ; @(( / / । =0
” '•= )K •= ' Ministry ) 9. 6 --
(of Finance। o Z. (Deposit Collection)
o c= (Providing Credit)
→ ECAI # 9=Š . External Credit o c= :ˆ (Creating of Loan Deposit)
Assessment Institution. o ' :ˆ (Creating of Medium of
e¨vswKs †m±‡i cÖ_g/e„nËg hv wKQz- Exchange)
?K # 0‡/ 3 2 - e¨vsK Gwkqv wjwg‡UW o )8 q -= B =0 .' (Aids in
?K ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs, _3 Domestic and Foreign Trade)
GmGgGm e¨vswKs 3 2 - /_ (@(!!) o } = (Discounting of Bills)
.: H =0 - - /_ o )K T q (Money Transfer)
?K _ 3 2 - 0 /_ o 9 7u (Capital Formation)
?K “-' = : - 5H /_ o ' 7 (Investment)
?K - -' . 8 H - M. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
- /_ 7 s- % 5<' 04 6 ? s
?K ‡emiKvwi evwYwR¨K - # /_ 8 , ' ।
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 469
evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
→ evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb ZvwjKfz³ e¨vsK 59wU| (evsjv‡`k → me‡P‡q †ewk ATM Booth (24/7 e¨envi‡hvM¨)
e¨vs‡Ki I‡qe mvBU I A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2019) Gi i‡q‡Q WvP evsjv e¨vs‡Ki| WvP evsjv e¨vsK me©cÖ_g
g‡a¨ miKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 6wU, we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK dv÷ UªvK e¨vswKs Pvjy K‡i|
cwieZ©bkxj 3wU, †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 41wU (33wU → evsjv‡`‡k Credit card, ATM card, Offshore
Conventional Bank + 8wU Bmjvgx kwiqvn wfwËK Banking Unit Pvjy K‡i Standard Chartered
Z_¨| e¨vsK) Ges 9wU we‡`wk evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| (m~Î- e¨vsK|
Avc‡WU www.bb.org.bd/fnansys/bankfi.php → MÖvgxY e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZôv W. †gvnv¤§` BDbym| MÖvgxY
→ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK Zdwmj ewnf©yZ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vs‡Ki AbyKi‡Y cÖwZwôZ hy³iv‡óª cÖ_g e¨vsK ÔThe
Rvb‡Z msL¨v 05wU (Avbmvi wfwWwc Dbœqb e¨vsK, Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vsK, Good Faith Bank.
n‡e MÖvgxY e¨vsK, Rywewj e¨vsK, cjøx mÂq e¨vsK) → IMF (International Monetary Fund) Gi
→ eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k e¨vsK ewnf©yZ A_©‰bwZK cÖwZôv‡bi evsjv‡`k Kvh©vjq AvMviMvuI, XvKv| AvšÍR©vwZK wewbgq
msL¨v 34wU (m~Î- A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2019 I evsjv‡`k
nv‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv weav‡bi cÖavb mgš^qKvix IMF.
e¨vs‡Ki I‡qemvBU)
→ Off-shore Bank n‡jv AvgvbZKvixi wbR †`‡ki
evB‡i Aew¯’Z GK ai‡bi e¨vsK hv K‡ii AvIZvgy³
•-' । 9 ‘State bq| GB myweav‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q cvbvgv †ccvm©
Bank of Pakistan’। Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972 †K‡j¼vwi NU‡Z †`Lv hvq|
Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ nq, Z‡e Kvh©Ki nq !F → International Banking Gi †ÿ‡Î UCPDC-
_ e , ![M! mvj n‡Z| # U ~ b
600, ISBP, Inco Terms Gi wewa †gvZv‡eK ‡jb-
) T । ? 6 ' . / !( / %
‡`b Ki‡Z nq|
' । 6K - ~ b B /, 3}Z , %2 , 0 .-,
/, , p& , 2 , ' .। # #1 → ‡h my‡`i nv‡i †Kvb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡i Ab¨
# 6 ' E ' ) T । †Kvb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ FY cÖ`vb K‡i
? 78 । 78 ' J Zv‡K Kj gvwb †iU ejv nq|
। 3 78 # Q 0 ( / → evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g e¨vsK †bvU cÖPjb nq 4 gvP©, 1972|
[ 0 ) ' 7u । G - ![[! … → gwbUvwi cwjwm cÖYqb K‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
' • .'।
→ miKvwi †bv‡U ¯^vÿi _v‡K A_©mwP‡ei| †hgb- 1,2 UvKv
Zdwmjx e¨vsK → evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖ_g Mfb©i Av. b. g nvwg`yjøvn|
•-' - p # / → evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ¯’cwZ kwdDj Kv‡`i| e¨vsK †bv‡U
B ;= । # )q82| p •-' Mfb©‡ii ¯^vÿi _v‡K|
- 3 )I- । 6 •-' → BFIU (Bangladesh Financial Intellience Unit)
.
9 ' # ' )q82| .', 82|/
Gi gva¨‡g gvwb jÛvwis wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| BFIU Circular
1 - । 1 - 3 - K. miKvwi ev
No-10 ‡K gvwb jÛvwis wbqš¿‡Y gv÷vi mvK©yjvi ejv nq|
ivóªvqË evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, L. miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb we‡klvwqZ KvwiMwi mnvqZv †`q hy³ivóª|
e¨vsK, M. ¯’vbxq †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, N. we‡`wk evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK| → CRR- Cash Reserve Ratio. Gi nvi 6%| SLR-
Statutory Liquidity Reserve. SLR Gi nvi 19%|
KwZcq e¨vs‡Ki c~e©bvg
→ RWA- Risk Weighted Asset. CAR- Capital
Adequacy Ratio. CRG- Credit Risk Grading
- 4 ) - , ? '
(Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Financial solvency wbY©‡qi Rb¨
, ) 8 B' 2
)Z=- . ,
e¨eüZ nq)|
0 5 /_ , 5 ' exgv
Š - 2 ' , S ‡_ _
,)« '
→ ‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b ÑÑÑÑÑÑ wU exgv †Kv¤úvwb i‡q‡Q|
9 - S ‡/ /_ → exgv ‡Kv¤úvwb AvBb- 2010 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki exgvmg~n
5H S /_ cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| exgv †Kv¤úvwb A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb|
- B '‡/ /_/ → evsjv‡`‡k miKvwi exgv †Kv¤úvwb 02wU| h_v- mvaviY exgv
. /_ K‡c©v‡ikb I Rxeb exgv K‡c©v‡ikb|
- ™ 8S ‡/ /_ → exgv LvZ wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb IDRA.