Prelims - 2 Types of Communication PDF

Learning Outcomes.
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Demonstrate knowledge about the role of language in human
communication;
2. Identify the types of communication in relation to
communication mode, context, and purpose and style;
3. Differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication and
their sub-forms in relation to communication modes;
4. Evaluate the differences among intrapersonal, interpersonal,
extended, organizational, and intercultural communication in
relation to communication context;
5. Explain the differences between formal and informal
communication in relation to purpose and style; and
6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different
communication types in various communication settings.
Discuss with your
seatmate the relationship
between language and
culture.
What is
communication?
Communication is the
exchange of thoughts,
ideas, concepts, and views
between or among two or
more people, in a particular
context.
Context is the circumstance or
environment in which communication
takes place. Such circumstance may
include the physical or actual setting,
the value positions of a speaker or
listener, and the relevance or
appropriateness of a message
conveyed.
Types of Communication
According to Mode
1.Verbal Communication
2.Non-verbal Communication
3.Visual Communication
According to Mode
1.Verbal Communication
- Communication that
uses spoken or written
words
According to Mode
2. Non-verbal Communication
- Communication without the use of
spoken or written words
- Body movement, gestures, facial
expressions, eye contact, etc.
According to Mode
3. Visual Communication
- Communication that uses visuals to
convey messages or information
- Examples: signs, symbols, imagery,
maps, graphs, charts, diagrams,
pictograms, photos, drawings or
illustrations, and even various forms of
electronic communication
According to Context
1. Intrapersonal Communication
- intra- means ‘within’ or ‘inside’
Talking to oneself, inner talk, inner
monologue, or inner dialogue
- Psychologists call it self-
verbalization or self-statement.
1. Intrapersonal Communication
- You talk to yourself to:
▪ Boost your confidence when you are nervous
to speak in front of an audience
▪ Apprise yourself that you performed a good
job
▪ Console yourself that you did a task poorly
2. Interpersonal Communication
- inter- means ‘between,’ ‘among,’
and ‘together’
- Communication with others
- It is meant to establish or deepen
one’s relationship with others.
2. Interpersonal Communication
It is transactional if the objective
is to achieve something at the end
of the conversation.
1. Speaker A: Hello! I am Kaeselle Ramos. And you?
Speaker B: Oh, I am Venice Mendoza. Glad to meet
you. How are you related to the bride?
Speaker A: She is my cousin. Her mom and mine are
sisters. How about you?
Speaker B: She was my high school classmate. I
never knew anything about her personal
life so we were kind of surprised when she
sent us the invitation. As always, she is
very private.
Speaker A: I see. Well, she’s really like that. Ever
since we were kids, she has always been
a very quiet person.
2. Speaker A: Excuse me. Would you know how to get to
the nearest mall?
Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you may go there on foot or simply
take a jeepney. If you walk, it will take you about
20 minutes to get there. You can just take the
exit gate near the hospital then turn left and walk
straight ahead. You won’t miss it because of the
big sign. Jeepneys take the same route and it
should not take you more than 10 minutes even
with the traffic.
Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take the
public transportation as I am running out of time.
You have been really helpful. Thanks again.
3. Extended Communication
- It involves the use of electronic media like
television, radio, audio or phone conferencing;
video conferencing, Skype calls; and other
technological means.
- For example, linked by a telecommunication
system, people who are far apart, or are far from
the venue, can participate in a meeting or a
conference.
- In an e-conference like this, participants may
not be physically present but are still able to
track down the lectures and participate actively
because of the mass articulation and
dissemination of information, allowing speakers
to reach a wider group of listeners.
- Since it is public in nature,
speakers are expected to be
prepared when they speak,
making their language more
formal.
4. Organizational Communication
- Communication between or among
professionals in an organization
- It involves a set of rules or standards
for communication protocol to
establish interaction patterns.
Two Types of Organizational Structure:
a. Formal
b. Informal
a. Formal Structure
- Allows communication to take place via
designated channels of message flow
between positions in the organization
a. Formal Structure
- Makes use of four approaches: (1)
downward or top-down communication; (2)
upward or bottom-up communication; (3)
horizontal communication; (4) crosswise
communication.
b. Informal Structure
- Comes from unofficial channels of message
flow
- Also known as ‘grapevine,’ messages
coming from different levels of the
organization are transmitted.
- This occurs due to the dissatisfaction of
some employees accompanied by
uncertainty, such as superiors playing
favorites and unfavorable or unacceptable
company rules and regulations.
- Some employees even resort to baseless
gossips and rumors which they spread like
wild fire.
Organizational culture
- The culture that exists in an organization
- It is of utmost importance since it will dictate the
kind of behavior that employees should possess
as well as the extent of commitment expected
from them by the organization.
“Company cultures are like country
cultures. Never try to change one. Try
instead, to work, with what you’ve got.”
(Peter Drucker)
- This underscores the view that indeed, culture
is within the control of the entrepreneur or
company owner.
5. Intercultural Communication
- Communication between or among
people having different linguistic,
religious, ethnic, social, and
professional backgrounds.
- For example, nonverbal cues (e.g., eye
contact, waving of hands, twitching or
puckering lips, etc.) mean differently
across cultures.
- It is important then not to be judgmental or
to rush into interpretations as cultures vary
enormously.
- With the advent of World Englishes, different
cultures develop different lexicon peculiar only
to the speech community.
- In the Philippines, a local variety of English
called Philippine English has been developed
which has introduced lexical innovations not
found or used in other English varieties.
- Examples of lexical innovations of Philippine
English includes, thrice, batchmates, CR
(comfort room), solons, barangay captain, high
blood, etc.
- Even in terms of pronunciation, words are
pronounced differently by Filipinos which, to
some, are considered erroneous.
According to Purpose and Style
1. Formal Communication
2. Informal Communication
1. Formal Communication
- Employs formal language delivered orally or
in written form
- Examples: lectures, public speeches,
research and project proposals, reports,
business letters, etc.
- Purposes: to inform, to entertain, to persuade
- Employs informal language
- It involves personal and ordinary
conversations, such as with friends,
family members, or acquaintances
about anything under the sun.
- Its mode may be oral (e.g., face-to-face,
ordinary or everyday talks, and phone
call) or written (e.g., emails, personal
notes, letters, or text messages).
- Purpose: To socialize and enhance
relationships
Comprehension Questions
Check your understanding of the input by answering the following questions:
1. How do you differentiate the types of communication in
relation to communication mode?
2. How can visual communication enhance the message
conveyed by a speaker? Cite a particular situation when
it is best to employ visual communication.
3. What are the types of communication in relation to
context? How do they differ from one another?
4. How can you listen to speakers’ opinions through
electronic media without being easily swayed into
accepting their opinions?
Comprehension Questions
Check your understanding of the input by answering the following questions:
5. Of the four approaches employed in formal organization
structure, which do you think is the best? Cite situations
which will call for the use of each approach. Give one
advantage and disadvantage of each.
6. Would you know any strategy or method by which you can
reduce the complexity of understanding another culture? Do
you think it will work with your current set of foreign
classmates/friends?
7. How do you differentiate formal communication from
informal communication in relation to purpose and style?
Provide situations to illustrate the differences.
SYNTHESIS
1. There are various types of communication. These types can be
divided according to mode, context, and purpose and style. In
terms of communication mode, the types of communication are
verbal, nonverbal, and visual. In terms of context, the
communication types are intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended,
organizational, and intercultural. In terms of purpose and style,
the types of communication are formal and informal.
2. Verbal and non-verbal codes should complement each other.
With visual communication, interpretations of signs and symbols
is crucial since people have different ways of interpreting them.
It is important to always contextualize the symbol/sign received
in order to arrive at the correct interpretation.
SYNTHESIS
3. In any organization, a system of communication should
be put in place. Transmission of message and message
flow also play an important role in effective
organizational communication.
4. People have different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social,
and professional backgrounds. It is then necessary to
pay attention to intercultural communication to avoid
miscommunication and/or communication breakdown.
5. Formal communication and informal communication
have different uses depending on the situation. Both
types may be in oral or written mode.
Reference
Madrunio, M. R., & Martin, I. P. (2018).
Purposive communication: Using
English in multilingual contexts.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing.

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Learning Outcomes.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

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