Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta,
kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus Kata Sinyal Kalimat Positif Kalimat Negatif Kalimat Tanya

Subject + Verb 1 always, every, never, He always works very He does not work Does he work very hard
(present form) normally, often, hard in the company very hard in the in the company?
sometimes, usually, seldom company. Yes, he does. / No, he
does not.

  Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang
berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + am/is/are at the moment, just now, Look! He is talking He is not playing Is he playing computer
+ Verb -ing now, right now, Listen!, with his classmates. computer games games at the moment?
(continuous form) Look! now. Yes, he is. / No, he is
not.

  Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang berlangsung atau baru saja
selesai.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + already, ever, just, never, He has already He has not been to Has he completed the
has/have+ Verb not yet, so far, till now, up finished his Australia so far. arrangement for the
III (past to now homework. coming event up to
participle form) now?
Yes, he has. / No, he
has not.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk  mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau
atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu
dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + for the past 5 years, how He has been working He has not been Has he been playing
HAS/HAVE + long …?, the whole week, here since 1996. speaking for the last the computer game all
BEEN + Verb -ing since xxxx 3 hours. day?
(continuous form) Yes, he has. /   No, he
has not.
 Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + Verb II yesterday, 2 minutes ago, Last year, he always He did not go to Did he pay the bill
(past form) in 1996, last Thursday, worked into night. school this morning. yesterday? Yes, he did.
this morning / No, he did not.

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang
diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + when, while, as long as, at He was speaking when He was not doing his Was he writing the
WAS/WERE + this time yesterday I entered in room. homework at this letter to his parents
Verb -ing time yesterday. when I was out last
(continuous form) Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he
was not.

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan
lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + HAD + before yesterday, till three He had finished his He had not been a Had he entered the
Verb III (past days ago, already, until designs before he went high school student company before he
participle form) that day to work yesterday. until last year. achieved his master
degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he
had not.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi
di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi
kejadiannya.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

 Subject + HAD + for, since, the whole day, He said that he had He was told that his Had he been speaking
BEEN + Verb -ing all day been working here for teacher had been for the whole class
(continuous form) ten years. waiting for him since before I entered?
2 p.m yesterday. Yes, he had. / No, he
had not.

Simple Future Tense

Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan
untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will”
dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + in a year, next …, He is going to be He will not play Will he go to the
“WILL/ BE tomorrow, next week, five journalist after he computer games cinema tomorrow with
GOING TO” + days later graduate next year. anymore because he us?
Verb (present understand how Yes, he will. / No, he
form) harmful they are. will not.

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan aksi yang pasti
akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + tomorrow morning, in one He will be delivering He will not be doing Will he be playing
“WILL/BE year the speech to the task in the office football next morning
GOING TO” + undergraduates at 3 this afternoon in the playground?
“BE” + Verb p.m tomorrow because he is sick. Yes, he will./ No, he
(continuous form) afternoon. will not.

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + “WILL by next Monday, in a He will have finished He will not have Will he have finished
HAVE” + Verb II week the task by next finished the given the task in a week?   
(past participle Monday. task by tomorrow Yes, he will./    No, he
form) evening. will not.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense  merupakan serangkaian aksi yang
terjadi  sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + “WILL for the last couple of He will have been He will not have Will he have been
HAVE BEEN” + hours, all day long taking charge of the been doing the task doing the research all
Verb III (past team for the next hour. for the last couple of day long?
participle form) hours. Yes, he will./    No, he
will not.

  Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk
menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD” He said that he He did not Did you tell him
+ Verb (present form) would leave in three promise that he when I would
days. would buy you a arrive?             
new computer. Yes, I did. /    No, I
did not.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi.   Sebagai tambahan, ini juga
biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + I made a promise I did not tell anyone Did you say that
“SHOULD/WOULD BE” + that I would be that I would be giving you would be
Verb (continuous form) doing my homework a speech to working hard in
all day long undergraduates for the the next week?  
tomorrow. next whole morning. Yes, I did /       
No, I did not.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu
di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada
kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

 Subject + He told the students He said that he Did you say that
“SHOULD/WOULD HAVE that they should have would not have you would have
BEEN” + Verb III (past finished the made such a been a doctor in
participle form) homework this mistake if he had three years?
morning. taken my advice. Yes, I did / No, I
did not.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past
future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + I heard that you I did not know Would he have been
“SHOULD/WOULD HAVE should have been that he would explaining to the
BEEN” + Verb (continuous teaching here for ten have been workers if he had
form) years by this July. working for the made the information
past three hours clear?
by that time. Yes, he would / No,
he would not.