THIRD ACTIVITY

FOR HKD04
(History of Volleyball)

Malaybalay, Louis C.
2 – CLM
TH 1:00PM – 3:00PM
Prof. Marcelino
2nd Sem. A.Y. 2019-2020
THE HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

Surprisingly, one of the most well-loved sports in the world is

also relatively young. Despite the game's youth, it has gone
through a wide variety of changes and evolution as a part of its
rich history. Believe it or not, but at one time there wasn't Asics
or Nike women's volleyball shoes or even volleyball uniforms
for sale anywhere, let alone online.

To fully understand and appreciate how much the game has

changed and how much work was put into to make it successful,
you need to search back to the very origin of Volleyball, and
study when and why changes were made.

Just over 100 years ago, in 1895, William G. Morgan developed the first game of Volleyball. At
the time, Morgan dubbed the game "Mintonette". "Mintonette" was created for business men as a
game that involved less physical contact at the chapter of the YMCA where he worked at in
Holyoke, Massachusetts. Morgan borrowed aspects from several games to create his own game.
The first aspect was from tennis, borrowing the net. Instead of the standard net, however, he
raised it to be 6 foot 6 inches high, so it was just over the heads of average men. Other sports he
borrowed from include basketball, baseball and handball. During one of the demonstration
games of the sport, one of the spectators commented the game was more about volleying, and the
games name was changed to Volleyball.

That was only the beginning.

In 1896, the first official game of Volleyball was played at Springfield College. This game
signified the first real take-off of the sport, and led into further games being played at a variety of
different Colleges. In the year 1900, Volleyball had taken off enough where a special ball was
designed just for the game. Another feat also accomplished in 1900 was that the YMCA took the
sport from America to Canada, the Orient and the southern hemisphere. Five years later,
Volleyball also spread to Cuba. This spreading was what signified the start of the Volleyball era.
Unlike most sports, Volleyball moved International in its early days, allowing for the game to
evolve to meet the players needs worldwide.
In 1907, Volleyball received its first recognition of being one of the most popular sports at the
Playground of America convention.

This was the first recognition the sport received, and helped to further its popularity. In the
following ten years, the YMCA continued to spread the sport to Brazil, Puerto Rico and
Uruguay. In 1913, the first official Volleyball competition was held in the Far Eastern Games.

1916 saw Volleyball have its first true evolution. In the Philippines, the set and spike offensive
pass was introduced, and game play was altered to involve this new form. The Filipinos
developed the "bomba", which is the kill, and the named the hitter the "bomberino". In this same
year, the NCAA was invited by the YMCA to alter the rules of the game, and it was initiated into
Colleges and other schools as a part of the standard physical education courses and intramural
programs. A year later, the scoring system was also adjusted so that a game ended after 15 points
instead of 21. This allowed more games to
be played within the same span of time, in
an attempt to make the sessions a little
shorter for the players.

Three short years later, in 1919, the

American Expeditionary Forces donated
16,000 Volleyballs to the troops, which
provided a stimulus for growth in foreign
countries. With this rise in growth of the sport, new rules began being developed. A year later,
the three hits per side rule and the back row attack rules were put into place.

By 1928, players and fans of the sport realized that "official" tournament rules and regulations
were required. The United States Volleyball Association was formed, and the first U.S. Open
Volleyball tournament was held. The U.S. Open allowed for squads that were not YMCA
sanctioned to participate, which was a breakthrough at the time. This evolution permitted lovers
of the sport to fully enjoy the game without having to be tied to the organization that created it.

After 1928, the game of Volleyball was forever changed. With the "official" rules set down, and
a tournament that wasn't private to the YMCA, the popularity of the sport was allowed to sky
rocket. The Men's U.S. Open was held every year thereafter, with the exception of three years.
1943, 1944 and 1989 did not have the yearly tournaments, due to wars and other obstacles.

In 1934, Volleyball saw another extensive change through the recognition of official referees to
oversee the games. This change in particular drastically altered the calls and the fairness of the
game.

The 1940's held several special events for Volleyball. Not only was the forearm pass introduced
into the game, the first world championship Volleyball game was held. It was during this time
that the volleyball movement saw fruition, and squads from all over the world could find out
who was the best. This became a yearly event, allowing for more publicity of the sport, which
aided in its growth. Around this time, over 50 million people were playing worldwide, in over 60
different countries.

By 1964, Volleyball had spread enough to warrant introduction into the Olympic games. The
first games took place in Tokyo, where a rubber carcass with leather panels was used for the ball.
This ball became the one that would be used in most modern competitions. As a part of the
Olympic games, Volleyball was allowed to grow even further, until it secured a place for itself as
the second most played game in the world.

Despite this high level of popularity, it wasn't until 1986 that the Women's Professional
Volleyball Association, or the WPVA, was formed. With the growing rate of professional
interest by both sexes, Volleyball was finally allowed to reach its full potential for popularity.
Elementary, middle and high schools, as well as colleges all invested into the game by providing
courses in Volleyball in their physical education, so that the sport was known in most households
around the world.

While still trailing behind Soccer for popularity,

Volleyball has done extremely well for a game
with roots so young
COURT LAYOUT OF VOLLEYBALL

The official indoor volleyball court size in American measuring units is 29'6" by 29 feet and six
inches for the half court area. The full volleyball court area is 59 feet x 29' 6". If you were using
the metric system then the half court area is 9 meters by 9 meters while the entire court is 18
meters long by 9 meters wide.

Many people like to round these numbers up to 30 feet by 60 feet but the accurate measurements
are the ones stated and are indicated in the diagram above. The above measurements are the
same for both the men's and women's volleyball court size. If you were to play on a girl's court
and then go play on a guy's court, although the net is higher on the guy's court, the volleyball
court size, which means the length and width of the court, would be the same.

Once you know the dimensions of the court you

should learn of some of the other interesting
characteristics concerning the volleyball court
size which is defined by the court lines and are
usually painted in contrasting colors on the
competition floor.
BASIC & ADVANCED SKILLS OF VOLLEYBALL

Basic Skills

Volleyball Fundamentals Are Key. Like most sports, volleyball requires every player to get good
at some basic skills before they can truly excel at the sport. Here are the six basic skills you
absolutely need to master to be a competent volleyball player.

Passing

Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s been served or hit over
the net by the opposing team. It’s commonly thought of as the most important skill in all of
volleyball, because your team can’t return the ball without a solid volleyball pass. Forearm
volleyball passes are often used to direct the ball in a controlled manner to a teammate, but
overhead passing is another option.

Setting

The setter has the most important position

on the team, and is often the team leader for
this reason. It’s their job to make it easy for
a teammate to get the ball over the
volleyball net, preferably with a spike that
the other team can’t return. The setting
motion gets the ball hanging in the air, ready to be spiked by another teammate with force.

Spiking

A real crowd-pleaser, spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a downward motion across the
volleyball net to the other team’s side of the court. When done well, spiking is very difficult to
return, which is why it’s an essential skill. A proper spike will help accumulate points quickly.

Digging

Digging is a defensive maneuver in volleyball that can save your team from an offensive spike or
attack. Your job is to keep the ball from hitting the floor, and you do that by diving and passing
the ball in a fluid motion. Unlike a typical pass, you’ll probably be trying to recover the ball from
a steep downward trajectory. This is another great skill to have, but isn’t as important as passing,
setting, or spiking.

Serving

Our final fundamental skills is serving. How can you be a great volleyball player without
knowing how to serve? There are a variety of ways to serve, but you’ll most often see the
underhand or overhand serves.

Advanced Skills

Aside from the basic skills such as pass, set and hit, there are also advanced skills in volleyball,
especially for defensive plays which are effectively used by pro athletes.

Rolling

A defensive skill used to help players get up quickly from passing a low ball and also avoid
injuries. The libero is primarily the player who uses this skill most of the time. To do this, one
must extend his arm out and sprawl for the ball then roll over the shoulder of your extended arm
and get back in ready position to play.

Blocking

Blocking is a defensive skill, usually used when the opposing team is hitting. Arms are extended
straight up as the opposing team’s hitter contacts the ball and
you jump as high and close to the net as possible to attempt
to make the ball land back on the opposing team’s side.
Starting with the knees bent and hands next to your face,
palms facing outward. Turn your hands accordingly to make
the ball stay in the court.

Tipping/Dinking

A defensive skill used primarily by setters who cannot make

an effective set or front-row players who cannot execute a
solid hit. When the ball comes close to the net, use your finger pads to “shoot” the ball back onto
the other side of the court. This is most effective when a power hitter has had several strong hits;
the other team is ready for it, so they back up, which leaves huge holes in the defense.

SCORING SYSTEM

There are two scoring methods used for volleyball. The first is known as sideout scoring, which
basically means the only team that can score is the team that is serving. If the non-serving team
hits the ball in the opponents' court or their opponents make an error, they earn the right to serve
only. With rally scoring, either team can score regardless of who the serving team is. Games
typically must be won by a minimum of two points with both scoring systems.

Rally Scoring

With rally scoring, teams score a point when the other

team fails to return the ball over the net, hits the ball
out of bounds, commits an infraction or makes a
service error.

Sideout Scoring

In sideout scoring, the serving team scores a point

when the opponents fail to return the ball over the net,
hit the ball out of bounds or commit an infraction. The non-serving team will earn the right to
serve when the opponents fail to return the ball over the net, hit the ball out of bounds, commit
an infraction or make a service error.

Rally Game Parameters

In rally scoring, games are played until a team scores 25 points, provided there is at least a two-
point margin of victory. Matches are typically decided by the best three-out-of-five games
format. If a fifth game is played, the team that scores 15 points first is the winner, provided there
is a two-point margin of victory.
Sideout Game Parameters

With sideout scoring, all games are played to 15, provided there is at least a two-point margin of
victory. Some organizations will put a cap on sideout scoring, so that the first team to reach 17
points is the winner of a game, even if the two-point margin is not present.

PLAYER POSITION AND FUNCTIONS

Volleyball positions determine what your role is out on the court during a game. Each player has
a specific job to do and each position works with the teammates to make the best play possible.
Learn about the role of each position, a list of things you should do if you're playing that
position, and a list of attributes you need in each spot.

Setter

The setter is the backbone of the offense and

makes the decisions about who gets the ball
when. She touches the ball on the second
contact and delivers it to her hitters. She
needs to be able to take in a lot of
information at once and to make good
decisions in a split second. Consistency here
is the key.

Outside Hitter

An outside hitter is a great all-around player. Not only does the outside need great ball-handling
skills, but he needs to be a solid hitter and blocker.

Middle Blocker

A good middle can read the opponent's setter like a book and is quick enough to get from one
end of the court to the other to block the ball. The middle also hits quick sets and keeps the other
team's defense off balance. A great middle blocker is a major key to your team's defense.
Libero

The libero plays in the back row and has impeccable ball control. The libero needs to be a great
passer and an even better digger. She is all over the court to keep the ball in the air for her team
to create scoring chances.

Opposite

The opposite plays opposite the setter on the right front and hits sets behind and in front of the
setter. The opposite is responsible for blocking the opponent's outside hitter, which means the
person who plays opposite needs to be a solid blocker as well as a good hitter. The opposite is
also needed to pass and set, so should have great ball handling skills.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous. (n.d.). What’s The Volleyball Court Size? Volleyball Basics for Beginners.
Improve your Volleyball. https://www.improveyourvolley.com/volleyball-court-size.html
Anonymous. (2015, November 18). 6 Key Volleyball Fundamentals. Cobra Net Systems.
https://www.cobravolleyball.com/blog/6-key-volleyball-fundamentals
Blain, R. (2008). What started it all – The History of Volleyball. Editorials.
https://www.fivb.org/Vis2009/Images/GetImage.asmx?
No=65995&type=Press&maxSize=920
Moody, A.G. (2018, December 11). Volleyball Scoring Rules. SportsRec.
https://www.sportsrec.com/4233364/volleyball-scoring-rules
Oden, B. (2019, February 1) Volleyball Positions and Roles. Sports & Athletics.
https://www.liveabout.com/volleyball-by-position-3429278
Testado, A. (2012, November 22). Volleyball: The Advanced Skills. La Salle Sports Room.
https://lasallesportsroom.wordpress.com/2012/11/22/volleyball-the-advanced-skills/