ANSWER4(A):-

Here we will construct X-Bar chart for the given problem: we will calculate values of X-bar(mean)

and Range(R) for each samples 1 to 15.

SAMPLE 1 2 3 x̅ R
1 1010 991 986 995.67 24

2 995 996 994 995.00 2

3 990 1003 1008 1000.333 18

4 1015 1020 998 1011.000 22

5 1013 1019 993 1008.333 26

6 994 1001 1005 1000.000 11

7 989 992 1020 1000.333 31

8 1001 986 996 994.333 15

9 1006 989 1007 1000.667 18

10 992 1007 979 992.667 28

11 996 1006 989 997.000 17

12 1019 996 1011 1008.667 23

13 981 991 1003 991.667 22

14 999 993 984 992.000 15

15 1013 1002 992 1002.33 21

x=̅ 999.333 𝑅¯ = 19.53333333

Central Limit = 999.333

R bar = 𝑅¯ = 19.533
A2 (for 3 observation) = 1.023
D3 (for 3 observation) = 0.000
D4 (for 3 observation) = 2.574 UCL = (X double bar + A2 R bar)

UCL = (999.333 + 1.023*19.533)

Therefore, UCL = 1019.315

Similarly,
LCL = (X double bar - A2 R
bar) LCL = (999.333 - 1.023*
19.533)
LCL = 979.350
 For R chart

UCL = D4*R bar

UCL = 2.574 * 19.533

Therefore, UCL = 50.277

Similarly,
LCL = D3*R

bar LCL = 0 *

19.533
LCL = 0

From the above figure 4(c) we can see that all the plotted means lie below the Upper control
limit(UCL) and Lower control Limit(LCL), which signifies common causes of variation and there are
no assignable variations. Special causes of variation are absent in the process production of the
resistors. Hence we can say that the PROCESS IS UNDER STASTICAL CONTROL AND THE SYSTEM IS
STABLE.

ANSWER 4(B): The variance is low as the collected samples, their observations do not vary by
much greater amount. We can observe little variations in the collected samples hence the
population seems to have good probability of distributions and the process controls seems to be
working fine without producing much degree of deviations. It does not matter how good is
production process control, we observe slight differences in quality measurements which is normal
as here in this case.