28.

HEAT DISSIPATION FROM STEEL PRE-FABRICATED SUBSTATION

This procedure gives the calculation of heat dissipation from a pre-fabricated ventilated steel
fabricated substation. These substations are called unit substation, package substation, pocket
substations etc. where the configurations can have differences.

This section shows a sample calculation of the heat dissipation from a ventilated prefabricated
steel substation (PSS)

Description and dimensions of the PSS

The substation includes a transformer, a low voltage panel and ring main unit interconnected

Transformer kVA - 1600

Phases - 3
Voltage ratio - 11000 / 400
Cooling - ONAN
Frequency - 50 Hz

No load loss of Transformer = 1800 watts

Load loss of Transformer = 15,300 watts
Loss at full load from LV panels = 2436 watts
Length x width x Height of the enclosure = 3000 x 3000 x 2800

Inlet louver area = 4.6 m2

Outlet louver area = 5.3 m2
Mid height of the transformer tank from enclosure bottom = 0.81 m
Mid height of the outlet louver from the tank bottom = 2.06 m

∴ Difference between mid height of the air outlet and mid height of the transformer = 1.25 m
1
w2
∆ θ=
[ 2
( 0.1 × A1 ) H ] 3

Where

∆ θ = The temperature difference between the air outlet and air inlet in the enclosure
(The temperature class of enclosure)

w = Total loss to be dissipated –kw

H = 1.25 m
(Difference between the mid height of the air outlet to the mid height of the transformer)

A1 = Louver area of the inlet m2

= 4.6 m2

w = Total loss to be dissipated

= (1800 + 15300 + 2436)/1000 = 17.536 kw

1
 1
17.5362
∆ θ=
[ 2
( 0.1× 4.6 ) 1.25]3
=10.50 C

The above temperature rise calculation is valid only if the area of the outlet louvers is at least
1.1 times the inlet louvers.

Here, A2 = 5.3 m2 and A1 = 4.6 m2

A2 5.3
∴ = =1.152>1.1
A1 4.6