Sport and Development

Across
4. time free from work
6. relating to the body as opposed to the mind
7. social mobility made possible due to its presence
8. the activity of traveling to a place for pleasure
10. training that makes people more willing and able to control themselves
11. the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university

Down
1. a set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something
2. increases due to improved health and fitness
3. an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual / team competes against another or
others for entertainment
5. acknowledgment of something's existence
7. broadening of people's choices
9. a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities
12. a scattered population whose origin lies with a smaller geographic locale

 Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature:

NAME: ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________

DATE: ___________________________________ Date: __________________________________

SPORT AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Define the term “sport” (2 mks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Identify the FOUR Pillars of “Human Development”. (4 mks)
_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________

3. Identify how the FOUR pillars of human development are possible through the avenue of
sports. (4 mks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Identify SEVEN ways that Sport can contribute to the development of the Caribbean. (7)
_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________

5. State TWO ways in society can benefit from a healthy population. (2 mks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

180


6. Explain ONE way in which sport facilitates Caribbean integration. (2 mks)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Outline TWO factors that hinder the contribution of Sport in development (3 mks)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. It is common complaint of sportsmen and sportswomen in the Caribbean that they cannot
achieve the full professional status that they seek in their various sporting disciplines.
Suggest THREE factors that prevent such individuals from becoming fully professional.
(6 mks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL 30 marks

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Governments urged to recognise value of sport in sustainable
development
26 June 2015

A group of policy experts drawn from across the Commonwealth has called on
governments to invest in sport as a tool to contribute to internationally agreed
development goals.
Although sport does not feature among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
set to be adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015, the
Commonwealth Advisory Body on Sport (CABOS) is asking policy-makers to
recognise and embrace sport's potential as a catalyst for achieving change.
The intervention by CABOS comes as the Commonwealth Secretariat convenes the
Commonwealth Sport & Post-2015 Forum, bringing together policy-makers, practitioners
and academics, to boost awareness of, and identify strategies for, the use of sport to
achieve the post-2015 sustainable development agenda.
The Forum, taking place between 25-26 June 2015 at the world renowned Wembley
Stadium in London, looks at how sport policy priorities and funding choices by
governments and international organisations may be affected by the new SDGS, which
are set to come into force in 2016.
Speaking ahead of the Forum, the Chair of CABOS, Louise Martin CBE, issued a
statement reiterating the body’s strong belief that sport can contribute to SDGs related to
promoting healthy lives, education, gender equality, peaceful and inclusive societies,
innovation, growth and employment.
“Sport has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the post-2015 development
agenda and emerging Sustainable Development Goals,” Ms Martin said. “[We call] on
Commonwealth leaders, including Heads of Government, to promote multi-sectorial
approaches to scale these contributions.”
Appointed by the Commonwealth Secretary-General, CABOS provides policy advice to
the Commonwealth Secretariat and Commonwealth governments.
The CABOS Chair’s statement was issued following a meeting of the 14-member body in
Trinidad and Tobago, hosted by the Caribbean Sport and Development Agency. During
their meeting, CABOS members also stressed the importance of integrity and good
governance for maximising the contribution of sport to sustainable development.

Oliver Dudfield, Head of Sport for Development and Peace at the Commonwealth
Secretariat, said: “With this intervention, the Commonwealth Advisory Body on Sport is
adding an authoritative voice to the debate around the role of sport in the post-2015
development agenda. Evidence suggests that people who participate in sports and regular
physical exercise lead longer, healthier lives, while communities that embrace sport as a
development tool benefit from wider social and economic benefits. This has policy
implications for governments seeking to maximise the contribution that sport can make.”

- See more at: http://thecommonwealth.org/media/press-release/governments-urged-

recognise-value-sport-sustainable-development#sthash.Q0xU6zeM.dpuf

182
US tennis officials for coaching stint
Jan 26th 2017 Trinidad Guardian

The tennis Association of T&T (TATT) is in talks with the Evert Tennis Academy in the
United States, in a bid to forge a partnership that will position T&T as the hub for tennis
in the region and furthering the realization of T&T’s sports tourism vision.
Conversation between the parties began some nine months ago, but was expedited
following the completion and handing over of the new state-of-the art National Racquet
Centre in Tacarigua, which has been an asset for many of the tennis association’s goals.
The Evert Academy is one of the most established academies in the US and their interest
in partnering with the T&T tennis is a monumental step forward for us, TATT president
Hayden Mitchell said yesterday. Officials of the academy which comprise Founder and
Managing Partner John Evert, who has developed and managed many top junior,
collegiate and professional players for over 25 years; Ailton Borges - the Programme
Director and Dr. Vernice Richards- a T&T born who is Director of Mental Conditioning
and Peak Performance.

Dr Richards joined the Evert Academy team in 2013 with a certification in Programme
Evaluation and has earned her PHD in Sport Psychology from Florida State University.
The team will arrive in T&T today and will stay until January 29th to view the National
Racquet Center, to conduct sessions with players and coaches as well as hold discussions
with TATT and government entities on their value proposal for T&T tennis. Mitchell told
Guardian Media yesterday the potential partnership with the US academy is in keeping
with his association’s goal of having a player in the top 150 in the world by 2026.

Academy officials will meet with all stakeholders in the sport, particularly officials of the
Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs and the Sports Company of T&T to show what is
necessary to produce a top class player. TATT administrators will also attempt to tie up
lose ends in making the partnership a reality, such as making arrangements with hotels
and airlines, dealing with transport etc.
Mitchell did not give a date for a decision between the parties, saying both the academy
and T&T will want to ensure that they reach a fit that will be beneficial to all involved. If
a partnership deal is struck, the country could see top international coaches coming here
to conduct sessions for players and coaches, as well as coaches going to the academy
home in Florida to do sessions.
“We can also see some of the world’s top juniors coming here to play against our locals
on a regular basis, as well as see local players go up to the US to be involved in
compeitition or part part of their programme” Mitchell said. The local tennis boss pointed
out that Aiden Carter, the region’s top junior player could face an uncertain future if he is
not enrolled into an academy such as this one.

He explained the main difference between junior players abroad and those in T&T, is that
a complete programme that facilitates training and education have been mapped out for
those abroad,while in T&T, players face the challenge of having to go to school and
educate themselves and still train for a few hours.
“At the Evert Academy there is a school right next to it that facilitates players in the
academy” Mitchell said.

http://www.guardian.co.tt/sports/2017-01-26/us-tennis-officials-coaching-stint

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TATT boss wants player in top 150 by 2026
Hayden Mitchell, new president of the Tennis Association of T&T is aiming at having a
player from the twin-island republic in the top 150 ranked players in the world by 2026.
Less than a week after the staging of the Blink Bmobile National Open Tennis
Championship at the Nelson Mandela Park in St Clair, Mitchell outlined a number of
changes he said are necessary to achieve this and for local players to be competitive
internationally, starting with the overall structure.
He explained that T&T, is only comparable with countries internationally at the junior
level, which is due largely to talent, but noted that we have faltered during our transition
from junior to senior level.
To deal with this, the association has embarked on a grassroot development programme
aimed at unearthing talent from remote areas. Mitchell said because of the huge costs
involved in conducting these programme they have sought the assistance of corporate
T&T.
The association has already secured the services of Atlantic in Point Fortin and Mitchell
is calling on other corporate citizens to join their development drive by adopting other
grassroot programmes. Mitchell and his new administration will also enter the nation’s
Primary Schools, focus on upgrading coaches and other officials and ensure the
employment of a marketing personnel, who will focus on gaining sponsorships for the
sport, as he feels this is critical if we are to pull ourselves away from the dependence on
government for financial assistance.
“We have to make the sport attractive to parents to send their children to. Parents must
see that by being in the sport their children can benefit, either by way of gaining
scholarship or getting opportunities at becoming professional players where they can
make a living from it” Mitchell explained.
He added “At the moment we have the University of T&T offering scholarships to tennis
and other sportsmen and women, now we are working on getting the University of the
West Indies (UWI) to offer scholarships also. In addition, our coaches must operate as
professionals which means that we must make it sustainable for them and other officials”

He told the Guardian it is because of the lack of proper structure, local tennis has found
itself lagging behind for many years. In drawing an anology Mitchell pointed to top
under-14 junior players Aidan Carter, ranked number one in the region and his
countryman Adam Ramkissoon who is ranked two in the region. He explained if proper
structures are not in place before they are ready to enter seniors, they will not live up to
their true potential.
According to Mitchell: “If you look at the difference in the education structure in the
United States, young players can be self taught there, which means their transition from
junior to senior level will not be interrupted by the amount of tennis that they play. In
T&T however, we have a number of young players reducing the amount of tennis they
play when they reach the CXC/CSEC level”
Mitchell also singled out the new tennis centre in Tacarigua, saying it will provide
opportunities for increased participation at a high level. “What we can expect is to see
tournaments as high as ATP being staged here and with it a number of top players to
challenge our locals” Mitchell said.

http://www.guardian.co.tt/sport/2016-06-17/tatt-boss-wants-player-top-150-2026
184
Describe FOUR challenges that are faced by Caribbean governments in using sports
as a means of facilitating development. (20 marks)

Knowledge (7):

• Development – definition and three concepts (economic, human, sustainable)
• Sports • Nationalism • Education
• Indicators of development • Lack of Investment capital • Curriculum
• Income • Lack of sponsorship • Scholarships
• Sport Tourism • National Budget • Identity
• Lack of Infrastructure • Social programmes • Socialization


Use of Knowledge (8):

o Clear explanations of the concepts of “Sport” and “Development”:
Development can be defined as the sustained level of economic, social, cultural,
political and environmental well being of a country. It involves increasing the choices
of people so that they can live fuller lives by having the chance to achieve their full
human potential.

o Show the connection between Sport and Development:

Sport can contribute to the process of development in material and non-material ways
through the generation of income, improvement in educational opportunities through
scholarships, creation of employment, etc.
The Caribbean has made an international reputation for itself in sport but has not
achieved a high level of economic development for the region.
- Sport promotes equity though the emphasis still remains on an elite few.
- Sport also promotes productivity as a means of employment and sports tourism
- Sport is empowering as it gives people the ability to make their own choices and
promotes discipline and team spirit.

o Argue that there are obstacles in the development sport as a facilitator to

economic, human and sustainable development at national or regional levels.
It is debatable whether the indicators of development have been substantially
improved by sport and what are the factors that may be hindering its contribution to
development.
The potential of sport to contribute to economic development are limited by the lack
of investors for sports, poor sporting facilities and the fact that the Caribbean
population does not see Sport as important and are, therefore, unwilling to pay high
prices to benefit from sports tourism. Sport has potential to encourage economic and
human development but the way sport is perceived has to change for opportunities to
bear fruit.

185
CAPE REPORT 2011 Question 4

With the premise that Caribbean governments look to Sports as one of the ways to facilitate
development, candidates were asked to discuss four challenges that the governments faced when they
sought to do this.

In responding to the question, some candidates did not define the concepts sports or development.
Others rushed to argue how sports can facilitate development and did not focus on the issue of
challenges, as the question required. Further, some candidates identified the challenges faced by
Caribbean governments, but failed to argue the rationale for the challenges and so could not develop the
discussion.

Candidates who gained good grades for this question noted such issues as:
• The lack of capital, the lack of investors for sports,
• Poor sporting facilities, and
• The lack of support by some sports, which showed no interest in national development, though
financially able.
o They referred to instances where the country may want to invest in sports, but limited funds
cause them to select other areas for the sparse capital.

o They discussed the ways in which talented sports men and women often have no choice but to
opt for training in foreign universities and clubs who may demand that they compete for that
university/country.

o They even examined the ways in which West Indies Cricket, as a sport, had dominated the
attention of some governments, at the expense of other sports.

CAPE REPORT 2009 P3 / Question 4

Candidates were asked to discuss four challenges faced by Caribbean governments in their efforts to use
sports to facilitate development. Many candidates sought to define “development” indicating that it
meant the harmonious linkages established between various sections of the society and economy. The
challenges of using sport to facilitate development were identified as the following:
• Lack of funds to promote sports development
• A heavy emphasis in schools on academic pursuits at the expense of sports
• The popular view of sports as merely leisure time activity not requiring brains or organisation
• The absence of university training programmes to develop sports management specialists
• Competing demand from other sectors on the national budget
• Lack of several different sports stadia for training and international competitions
• Gender (anti-female) discrimination in the allocation of time, resources, and facilities to certain
(women‟s) sports
• Management of sports facilities and personnel.

Many candidates were able to list some of these points, but the stronger candidates went on to show
the linkages between sports and tourism, sports and culture, sports and wellness, sports and technology,
and sports and gender development, in order to demonstrate that Caribbean governments were not
ready to invest heavily in sports culture to develop the society overall.

186
Investment into sport is usually not a top priority in the national budget.
When reviwing the criteria for funding, sport is rarely seen as a high prority on the
national agenda, especially due to other urgent programmes like housing, employment,
infrastructure, security, etc.
Lower investment in sport decreases the potential for athletes to build their talent. When,
however, territories do invest large amounts into sporting events, other programmes may
suffer as a result.

When the region hosts international sporting events, more money is invested than
can be recovered.
Sport can be a means of employment, promoting productivity. Income may be earned
through sports tourism and media rights. Local sports events have the capacity to attract
large numbers of people, initially from the local and surrounding areas where sports
events take place and progressively, from further away.
Local industries and a local sports sector may emerge should the events generate enough
interest as to attract people willing to attend the event and purchase products and services
associated with the event. Sports-related services can be provided, creating jobs and
opportunities to upgrade skills and produce further services and products. However, if
local economic opportunities are to be made through sports tourism, local responses to
building local economic development are important in creating lasting and sustainable
opportunities for local people. Unfortunately, the Caribbean population does not see
sports as important and are, therefore, unwilling to pay high prices to benefit from sports
tourism. The development of the facilities / infrastructure (Stadia, grounds, aquatic
centers, etc) is costly and may have limited use.

Investment into sport is usually not a top priority in the education system.
There is a heavy emphasis in schools on academic pursuits at the expense of sports. The
curricular for most primary and secondary schools place more emphasis on academic
programmes and sport is often reserved as an extra-curricular activity, separate from the
regular curriculum. Physical Education (P.E.) is now a part of the CXC Curricular but
may still not be seen as important as acedemics.

There are very few scholarships and other educational opportunities for athletes so
only a few are granted the chance to train and excel on the global stage.
This means that there are fewer prospects for athletes to continue their sport training or
pursue professional sport careers in a developing country. The lack of talent-building
opportunities leads to less return on the little investment put into local talent, further
debilitating local sport development structures and sport career pathways. Talented sports
men and women often have no choice but to opt for training in foreign universities and
clubs who may demand that they compete for that university/country. Caribbean
countries’ inability to utilise the talent of their strong performers results in losing them to
more powerful nations in global sport.

Dustin Brown is a Jamaican-German professional tennis player (Jamaican father,

German mother). Early in his career Brown represented Jamaica, but due to a lack of
funding and support from the Jamaican Tennis Association, he was tempted to switch
nationality, and play professional tennis for Great Britain, his paternal grandparents
being British, but instead decided to compete for Germany, his country of birth.

187
 There is a need to identify new jobs associated with sport and to conduct an
inventory of all job categories in developing countries that can use sports skills or
those derived from sport. Being involved in sport can equip young people with specific
‘core’ skills directly associated with coaching and sport management, and ‘soft’ skills
that may raise their level of employability. ‘Soft’ skills include the skills and values that
are learned through sport, such as: cooperation, leadership, respect for others, knowing
how to win and lose, knowing how to manage competition, etc. However, employment
opportunities must exist for these skills to be relevant and of practical use.

Some sports have their own sources of funding but do not assist in the broader
agenda of development as they are limited to the elite classes (e.g. golf and yachting)
and therefore have a limited impact on development of the country.

West Indies Cricket was a cherished activity that lead to international recognition of the
region and its individual players. The inconsistency of performance has led to reduced
opportunities for investment in individual players and development of facilities.
In addition, though West Indies Cricket facilitated regional identity (integration),
membership for the teams excluded some Caribbean territories.

The potential benefits of sports tourism can only be realized if several challenges are
overcome especially in the developing world.
In countries where crime and matters of security are a major concern persons
considering to travel to these destination maybe discouraged to engage in any form of
sport tourism. Additionally, the allegations of corruption and financial scandals may
also serve as a discouragement.
The overall success of any sporting tourism event is dependent upon management. Poor
management due to financial impropriety, poor planning, lack of efficient customer
service, and a host of other management’s drawbacks may serve as a major Achilles heel
for the success of any sport tourism event.
According to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon (2011) sport tourism has the potential
to being powerful tool for development and progress. However, for this to be
accomplished to reap the benefits of sports tourism proper planning and management of
events have to be undertaken. Trinidad Guardian Nov 2014

Enquiry and Communications (5 marks)

o Show how Caribbean governments often want to invest in sports but are constrained by economic
and other factors. Emphasis how choices are to be made in terms of allocation of national budget
to sports.
o Demonstrate clearly and logically how the factors hinder development through Sports.
o Essay should be coherent and well organized.
o Good use of language and good writing skills should be displayed.

188