Indian Institute Of Technology Gandhinagar

CE 307: Masonry Design

Submitted on: April 25, 2019

Under the guidance of ​Prof. Manish Kumar

Design of a Masonry Wall Building

Project Report

Submitted by:
Kaushal Chimmpa (16110074)
Kishan Khichi (16110078) & Muhammed Sinan RK (16110097)
 CONTENTS
​

1. Acknowledgement

2. Declaration

3. Introduction
3.1 What is confined masonry

3.2 Why confined masonry

3.3 Objective

4. Details of the building

5. Analysis results

6. Design of walls
6.1 General design considerations

6.1 Design of two walls without opening

6.2 Design of a wall with the opening

7. Summary and conclusions

8. References
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are very thankful to our institute, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar,
for providing such a wonderful and practical course as a part of our curriculum.
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to Prof. Manish Kumar,
who provided us a good opportunity to do this project and gave his valuable
guidance to us. We also thank our fellow colleagues who have helped us
throughout the project.

2. DECLARATION
We, Kaushal Chimmpa, Kishan Khichi and ​Muhammed Sinan RK​ declare that
we have done the following proportion of work towards the project entitled
“Design of a Masonry Wall Building ” of the Masonry Design (CE 307) course.

S. No. Name Responsibilities Percentage Signature

of Total
Work

1. Kaushal SAP2000 analysis 33 %

Chimmpa Final report editing

2. Kishan Khichi Design of walls 33 %

without opening
Design of walls with
opening

3. Muhammed Design of walls 34 %

Sinan RK without opening
Design of walls with
opening
3. INTRODUCTION

3.1 WHAT IS CONFINED MASONRY

Confined masonry is a construction system where walls are constructed first and
the reinforced beams and columns are added into it around the walls which are
known as tie-beams and tie-columns. They provide enough strength to the system
in order to overcome any earthquake hazards. It works like a structure that is tied
down into the ground. The load transfer in confined masonry wall is
straightforward through the walls rather than an complicated load transfer path as
in a RC structure.
Confined masonry is very easy to construct as well as very economical.

Fig1: (a) Construction of confined masonry building. (b)Confining Columns are constructed after
construction of walls
Source:(a)Campus on Sabarmati, IITGN
(b)www.pseau.org

3.2 WHY CONFINED MASONRY

● Unreinforced masonry and non - ductile reinforced concrete frame

construction exhibited poor seismic performance during the past
earthquakes.
 ● Confined masonry performed well in past seismic hazards (For example -
Chile and Mexico)
● It provides a good amount of in-plane shear capacity, out-of-plane stability
and ductility. These are the very essential requirements for the sake of
seismic resistivity.

3.3 OBJECTIVE

Fig 2: Plan view of the building

The objective of this project is to design the building provided with above plan and
given some specified conditions. We have selected a ​Confined masonry wall ​for
the structure. Analysis is being carried out with the help of SAP2000. Along with
this hand-calculations are also being done for the same.
4. DETAILS OF THE BUILDING
● Plan view of the building

Fig 3: Plan view of the building

● Number of story = 4
● Thickness of slab = 130mm
● Coordinates of bottom left corner is (0,0)
● Live load is 2 kN/m​2
● A force equal to 20% of the dead weight of the slab is applied at (5 m, 2.5
m) in the X - direction at each floor level
● Green boxes indicate symmetrically placed door with a height of 2 m and a
width of 1 m
● Type of wall selected: Confined Masonry Wall
● Height of the wall = 2.5 m (provided in SAP2000 also)
● Grade of steel - Fe-415
● Grade of concrete - M-30
● Type of mortar - H1
5. SAP ANALYSIS RESULTS

● BUILDING LAYOUT

Fig 4: Building layout (generated by SAP2000)

 ● MOMENT DISTRIBUTION ON BUILDING

Fig 5: Moment distribution on building (generated by SAP2000)

6. DESIGN OF WALLS
6.1 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
● Building configuration according to ​Clause 7.3 ​of IS-CM
■ The building plan should be of a regular shape, our building is regular
which satisfy the condition.
■ The building’s length-to-width ratio in plan shall not exceed 4
For our building, length-to-width ratio = 10/6 < 4 (Hence OK)
■ The walls should be built in a symmetrical manner
■ The walls should be built in a symmetrical manner with regards to the
horizontal axes through the centre of the building plan. The walls
should be placed as far apart as possible, preferably at the façade, to
avoid twisting (torsion) of the building in an earthquake.
In our case, building is symmetrical with respect to horizontal axes
passing through center of building.
■ There should be at least two lines of walls in each orthogonal
direction of the building plan, and the walls along each line extend
over at least 50% of the building dimension in the direction of
analysis at each storey level.
From the layout
Lines of walls in x-direction = 3
Lines of walls in y-direction = 4
Therefore, first criteria satisfied
Now, in y-direction total length of wall = 6 m
Since we are providing 1m wide doors
Extension of wall (outer wall, because there is the openings) = 6-2 x 1
=4m
4/6 > 0.5 implies second criteria satisfied in x-direction.

Now, in y-direction total length of wall = 10 m

Since we are providing 1m wide doors
Extension of wall (middle wall, because there is the openings) = 10-2
=8m
8/10 > 0.5 implies second criteria satisfied in y-direction.
■ The walls should always be continuous up the building height, vertical
offsets are not permitted. (It is satisfied in our case)
 ■ Openings (doors and windows) should be placed in the same position
on each floor. (It is satisfied in our case)

6.2 DESIGN OF TWO WALLS WITHOUT OPENING

● According to ​Clause 7.4 of IS-CM​, minimum tie-beam and tie-column

dimensions (depth x width) = 150 x t
Where, t - wall thickness
As, we assumed two wythe wall. So, t will be 230 mm.
And we provide tie-beam and tie-column dimension as (230 mm x 230 mm).

● According to ​Clause 7.4 of IS-CM​, the maximum wall height/thickness

(H/t) ratio shall not exceed 25, where H is unsupported wall height between
horizontal bands.
In our building, height (H) = 2.5-0.23 = 2.27 m
For our building, H/t = 2270/230 =9.87 < 25 hence OK

● According to ​Clause 7.4 of IS-CM,​ unsupported wall height (H) shall not
exceed 2.5 m.
In our building, height (H) = 2.5-0.23 =2.27 m hence OK

● According to ​Clause 7.5.1 of IS-CM,​ the height-to-width ratio of wall

should be kept less than 2 for the better lateral load transfer.
Length of longest wall in our building = 4-0.23 = 3.37 m
And height (H) = 2.5-0.23 =2.27 m
Therefor, L/H = (4-0.23)/2.5 < 2 hence OK
(A) STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF WALL 1

Fig 6: Selected wall in the plane at the ground floor

 Fig 7: Wall front-view with dimensions

DESIGN FOR VERTICAL LOADS

Fig 8: FBD of selected wall

Force equilibrium

P​1​+ P​2​+ P​3​+ f x (Cross section area of wall) = 597130 N

P​1​+ P​2​+ P​3​+ f x (4000-2*230)*230 = 597130 N

P​1​+ P​2​+ P​3​+ 814200 f = 597130 N ___(1)

As the wall is symmetric

P​1​=P​3 ___(2)

Also,

P​2​=2 x P​1 ___(3)

From constitutive relationship

f = E​m​.Δ​m​/L​m

P​2​=A​c​.E​c​.Δ​c​/L​c

Where,
E​m​ = 550f​m ​ (for clay masonry according to ​Clause 6.5.5.2​ ​of IS-CM​)
= 550 x 5 Mpa
= 2750 Mpa

E​c​ = 5000 √f ck (Grade of concrete is M30)

= 5000 x √30 Mpa
= 27386.13 MPa

L​m​ = 2.5 m
Lc = 2.5 m
f = E​m​.Δ​m​/L​m
= 1.1Δ​m​ MPa ___(4)

P​2​ = A​c​.E​c​.Δ​c​/L​c
= 578855.71 Δ​c ​ N ___(5)

From geometric compatibility,

Δ​m​ = Δ​c ___(6)

Now, we have 6 equations and 6 unknowns.

Solving the equation gives

P​1​ = 84168.61 N
P​2​ = 168337.22 N
P​3​ = 84168.616 N
f = 0.320 MPa
Δ​m​ = 0.291 mm
Δ​c​ = 0.291 mm

Axial load of resistance of column is

0.45 f​ck A​
​ c​ = 0.45 x 30 x (230 x 230) = 739542 N
Max. axial load on column is P​2​ and its value (168337.22 N) < 0.45 f​ck A​
​ c
Hence Safe and only minimum reinforcement is needed to be provided
According to ​Clause 8.4.8.1 IS-CM
Min. Area of longitudinal reinforcement = A​s,min.​= 0.8 % of Area of tie beam.
= 0.008 x 230 x 230
= 423.2 mm​2
Let us provide 4 bars of 12 mm dia.
Area of longitudinal reinforcement provided = 452.16 mm​2​ > A​s,min.
Hence OK

According to ​Clause 8.4.8.3 IS-CM

Max. tie spacing = min. (200, 1.5t) where t is thickness of wall = 230 mm
= min. (200,1.5 x 230)
= min. (200, 345)
= 200 mm
Let us provide 200 mm spacing.

According to ​Clause 8.4.8.2 IS-CM

Min. Area of transverse reinforcement (A​sc,min.​) = 0.002s x h​c
( s = tie spacing, h​c​ = dimension of tie-column the wall plane)
A​sc,min.​ = 0.002 x 200 x 230
= 92 mm​2
Let us provide 2 legged stirrups of 8mm dia. bars.
Area of transverse reinforcement provided = 100.48 mm​2​ > A​sc,min.​(Hence OK)

AXIAL LOAD RESISTANCE OF CONFINED MASONRY WALL

According to ​Clause 8.4.4 of IS-CM

Axial load resistance of a confined masonry wall (P​u​) shall be determined
considering the contribution of masonry and longitudinal steel reinforcement that
the steel has yielded in compression, that is,

P​u​=k​s (0.4f​
​ m​A​m​ + 0.45f​ck A​
​ c​ + 0.75f​y​A​s​)
Where,
A​m​ = Net area of masonry
= (4000-2 x 230) x 230
= 814200 mm​2
A​c ​= cross-sectional area of concrete excluding reinforcing steel
= 3 x 230 x 230 - 3 x 452.16
= 157343.52 mm​2
A​s​ = Area of steel
= 3 x 452.16 mm​2
= 1356.48 mm​2
f​y​ = yield strength of the reinforcing steel
 = 415 MPa
k​s​ = stress reduction factor as in ​Table 9 of IS:1905-1987.
= 0.688
(slenderness ratio L/t =17.4, ​Clause 4.6.1 of IS:1905-1987​ & assume
eccentricity=0)

Therefore,
P​u​=k​s (0.4f​
​ m​A​m​ + 0.45f​ck A​
​ c​ + 0.75f​y​A​s​)
= 0.688 x (0.4 x 5 x 814200 + 0.45 x 30 x 157343.52 + 0.75 x 415 x 1356.48)
= 2872222.44 N
Since, P​u​ > total axial force on wall (597130 N)
Hence, our structure is safe for axial load.

DESIGN FOR SHEAR

From SAP2000 analysis max. Shear force on wall = 30.67 kN

According to ​Clause 8.4.7.2 IS-CM
Shear resistance provided by masonry

V​u​ = 0.8 (0.5v​m​A​T ​+ 0.4P​d​) f

Where,
P​d​ = design compressive axial load
= 597130 N

A​T =
​ L x t
= 4000 x 230
= 920000 mm​2

v​m =
​ masonry shear strength

= 0.18 √f m
​=​ 0.18 √5

= 0.406 MPa
f = corrected factor for the aspect ratio H/L of the wall
= 1.17 as H/L ratio is 0.625

Therefore,
V​u​ = 0.8 (0.5v​m​A​T +
​ 0.4P​d​) f
= 0.8*(0.5*0.406*920000+0.4*597130)*1.17
= 398372.8 N < 1.5v​m​A​T
< 1.5 x 0.406 x 920000
< 560280 N
Therefore, V​u​ = 398372.8 N = 398.4 kN
Since, V​u​ > total shear force on wall (30.67 kN)
Hence, our structure is safe for shear load.
Detailing tie beam and column

Fig 8: Detailing of tie-beams and tie-columns

(B) DESIGN OF SECOND WALL WITHOUT OPENING

 Fig 9: Selected wall for design in plane at ground floor

Aspect Ratio of Confined Masonry

Height of Wall = 2.5 m

Width of Wall = 4 m
Aspect Ratio = 0.625 O.K.

As per ​Clause 7.5.1 of IS-CM​, height to width ratio of wall should be kept less
than 2.

Identification of Critical Points

Bending moments calculated from SAP analysis is very small (of the order of
10e-3), therefore compressive stresses is only considered due to axial forces.
The maximum compressive stress due to axial load is at bottom-most point of wall,
therefore, critical point lies there.

Load Calculated at Joints

Load at left joint = 391.27 kN

Load at right joint = 310.88 kN

Total load at joint(design load) F​d​ = 702.7 kN

DESIGN FOR AXIAL LOADS

The total load acting on wall will be shared by masonry wall and columns.
Assuming force resisted by wall is F​m​.

Unsupported length of wall = 3 - 0.23 - 0.23= 2.54 m

Thickness of wall = 0.23 m

Let the force in left, middle and right column is P​1​, P​2​ and P​3
By force equilibrium,
P​1​ + P​2​ + P​3​ + F​m​ = F​d​ (6.1)

Force and displacement is expressed as

P = k△
where,
k = AE/L ​ (from constitutive relationship)

F​m​, P​1​, P​2​ and P​3​ can be expressed in terms of displacement.

Therefore,

E c Δc Ac
P3 = Lc (6.2)

and
E c Δc Ac
Fm = Lc (6.3)

From geometric compatibility,

Δ​m​ = Δ​c ​ (6.4)
Deformation in left and right column is same as deformation in masonry wall.
Therefore, P​3​ = P​1​ ​ ​ (6.5)

Deformation in middle column is half of deformation in masonry wall.

Therefore, P​2​ = 2P​1​ ​ ​ (6.6)

E​m​ = 550f​m ​ (for clay masonry according to ​(Clause 6.5.5.2 of IS-CM)

= 550 x 5
= 2750 MPa
E​c​ = 5000 √f ck (Grade of concrete is M30)
= 27386 MPa

Solving above 6 equations,

Δc = 0.261 mm
f​m ​= 97.28 kN

Axial Load Resistance

Axial load of resistance of column is

0.446 f​ck ​A​c​= 0.446 x 30 x 0.23 x 0.23 = 707.8 kN
As the design load is less than resistance of column, therefore, as per ​(Clause
8.4.8.1 of IS:CM​, minimum steel reinforcement need to be provided.

Min. steel area = 0.8%

Required A​st​ = 423.20 mm​2
Provide 4 nos 0f 12mm bars
Provided A​st​= 452.16 mm​2​ O.K.

As per ​Clause 10.1.2 of IS-CM​, longitudinal reinforcement in tie columns should

consist of minimum 4 reinforcing bars with minimum 8 mm diameter.
As per ​Clause 8.4.4 of IS-CM​, axial load resistance of confined masonry wall is
given as -

P​u​ = k​s ​(0.4 f​m ​A​m​+ 0.45f​ck​A​c​ + 0.75f​y​A​s​) (6.7)

Here,
f​m =​ Compressive strength of masonry
= 5 MPa
A​m​= Net area of masonry
= 584200 mm​2
f​ck​ = Compressive Strength of Concrete
= 30 MPa
A​c​ = Cross section of area of concrete excluding reinforcing steel
= 52447.8 mm​2
f​y​ = Yield strength of reinforcing steel
= 415 MPa
A​s​= Area of steel
= 2 x 452.16 mm​2​ = 904.32 mm​2
k​s ​= ​Stress reduction factor as per ​table 9 of IS: 1905-1987
= 0.86

Solving the equation (6.7),

P​u =
​ 1855.81 kN
Axial load on wall = 702 kN
Hence design is safe.

DESIGN FOR SHEAR

Design Shear Load = 35.03 kN

As per ​Clause 8.4.7.2 of IS CM​, masonry shear resistance is given by equation
V​u​ = 0.8 ( 0.5v​m​A​t​ + 0.4P​d​)f
Where, v​m​ is subjected to limit V​u​ <= 1.5v​m​A​t
Here,
P​d​ = Design compressive load which include permanent loads only with the
partial safety factor of 1
= 502.3 kN (after running DL case in SAP2000)

So,
V​u​ = 100.49 kN

Hence design is safe in shear.

Transverse Steel Area

As per​ Clause 8.4.8.3 of IS-CM​,

Tie spacing should not exceed min.(345 mm, 200 mm)
So, Spacing = 200 mm

As per ​Clause 8.4.8.3 of IS-CM​,

Transverse reinforcement shall be provided with the minimum area equal to
A​sc​ = 92 mm​2

Providing 8 mm stirrups with spacing of 200 mm

Detailing
Detailing tie beam and column
 Fig 10: Detailing of tie-beams and tie-columns

6.3 DESIGN OF A WALL WITH OPENING

Fig 11: Selected wall for design in plane at the ground floor
● According to​ Clause 7.4 of IS-CM​, minimum tie-beam and tie-column
dimensions (depth x width) = 150 x t
Where, t - wall thickness
As, we assumed two wythe wall. So, t will be 230 mm.
Assumption
We are providing the dimensions of tie-beams and tie-columns as (230 mm
x 230 mm) (minimum dimensions criteria - satisfied)

● Selected wall has a opening (door) which has the dimensions (height = 2 m
& width = 1 m).
Hence, the area of the opening = 2 x 1 = 2 m​2
Total area of the wall = 2.5 x 3 = 7 m​2
Now, we can see that -
Total area of the opening > 0.25 % area of the wall
Using ​clause 7.6.2 (c) of IS-CM​, which suggests that if total area of the
opening exceeds 0.25 % area of the wall, then both openings and masonry
piers must be confined with horizontal and vertical confining elements.

Fig 12: Wall with opening and having confinements

● Wall thickness = 230 mm

 According to ​Clause 7.5 (a) of IS-CM​, wall thickness (t) should not be less
than 110 mm. (Satisfied)

● Unsupported wall height (H) = (2.5 - 0.23) m = 2.27 m

According to ​Clause 7.5 (c) of IS-CM​, unsupported wall height shall not
exceed 2.5 m. (Satisfied) and
Clause 7.4.3 of IS-CM​ also suggests that when the unsupported height (H)
of the wall H is greater than 2.5 m, continuous horizontal lintel band shall be
provided over the openings. However, continuous horizontal band is not
essential for H < 2.5 m but lintel shall be provided above the openings.
As, in our case H < 2.5 m. So, we need not to provide continuous lintel band
over the openings. And for above the openings we have already taken the
care in terms of the confinement. (refer fig -

Height
●
T hickness ( Ht ) = 2.27 m
= ​9.87
0.23 m
Clause 7.5 (b) of IS-CM​ says that the maximum ​( Ht ) ​ratio shall not
exceed 25, where, H is unsupported wall height.
Here,
( Ht ) ​= 9.87 < 25 (satisfied)

● Spacing between end tie - columns = (3 - 0.23) m = 2.77 m

According to ​Clause 7.4.1 of IS-CM​, tie-columns should be provided at
wall intersections and intermediate locations in longer walls, where spacing
should not min. (1.5 H (3.4 m, 4 m) ) and at free ends of wall panels that
provide load resistance to the building.
So, here -
Spacing between end tie - columns = 2.77 m < 3.4 m (Satisfied)

● Height-to-width ratio of wall =​ 2.5 m

3 m = 0.83
According to ​Clause 7.5.1 of IS-CM​, height-to-width ratio of wall should
be kept less than 2 for better lateral load transfer.
 So, here -
Height-to-width ratio of wall = 0.83 < 2 (Satisfied)

Fig 13: FBD of selected wall

Force equilibrium

P​1​+P​2​+P​3​+P​4​+f x (Cross section area of wall) = 522840 N ___(1)

As the wall is symmetric

P​1​=P​4 ___(2)

& P​2​ = P​3 ___(3)

From constitutive relationship

f = E​m​.Δ​m​/L​m ___(4)

P​1​=(E​c​.Δ​c​/L​1​)xA​1 ___(5)
Where,
L​1​ - length of the tie-column 1
A​1​ - cross-sectional area of the tie-column 1

Similarly,

P​2​ = (E​c​.Δ​c​/L​2​)xA​2 ___(6)

Where,
L​2​ - length of the tie-column 2
A​2​ - cross-sectional area of the tie-column 2

From geometric compatibility,

Δ​m​ = Δ​c ___(7)

Now, we have 7 unknowns and 7 equations.

where,

A​1​ = A​2​ = A (we have chosen the tie-columns dimensions as (230 mm x 230 mm)
A = 52900 mm​2

E​m​ = 550f​m ​ (for clay masonry according to ​Clause 6.5.5.2​ ​of IS-CM​)
= 550 x 5
= 2750 MPa
E​c​ = 5000 √f ck (Grade of concrete is M30)
= 27386.13 MPa

L​1​ = 2.5 m

L​2​ = 2 m

L​m​= 2.5 m

By solving these equations, with above known values we get -

Δ​c​ = 1.95 x 10​-4​ m

Δ​m​= 1.95 x 10​-4​ m

P​1​ = 113000.65 N

P​4​ = 113000.65 N

P​2​ = 141250.81 N

P​3​ = 141250.81 N

f = 214500 N/m​2
Axial load resistance of column is
0.45 f​ck A​
​ c​ = 0.45 x 30 x (230x230) = 714150 N
Max. axial load on column is P​2​ and its value (141250.81 N) < 0.446 f​ck A​
​ c
Hence Safe and only minimum reinforcement is needed to be provided
According to​ clause 8.4.8.1 of​ ​IS-CM
Min. Area of longitudinal reinforcement (A​s,min.​) = 0.8 % of Area of tie beam.
= 0.008 x 230 x 230
= 423.2 mm​2
Let us provide 4 bars of 12 mm dia.
Area of longitudinal reinforcement provided = 452.16 mm​2​ > A​s,min.
Hence OK

According to ​clause 8.4.8.3 of IS-CM

Max. tie spacing = min. (200,1.5t)
Where,
t is thickness of wall = 230 mm
= min. (200, 1.5 x 230)
= min. (200, 345)
= 200 mm
According to ​clause 8.4.8.2 of IS-CM
Min. Area of transverse reinforcement (A​sc,min.​) = 0.002s x h​c
(s = tie spacing, h​c​ = dimension of tie-column the wall plane)
(A​sc,min.​) = 0.002 x 200 x 230
= 92 mm​2
Let us provide 2 legged stirrups of 8 mm dia. bars
Area of transverse reinforcement provided = 100.48 mm​2​ > A​sc,min.
Hence OK

Axial Load resistance of confined masonry wall

According to​ Clause 8.4.4 of IS-CM
Axial load resistance of a confined masonry wall (P​u​) shall be determined
considering the contribution of masonry and longitudinal steel reinforcement in
tie-columns assuming that the steel has yielded in compression, that is -

P​u​= k​s (0.4f​

​ m​A​m​ + 0.45f​ck A​
​ c​ + 0.75f​y​A​s​)
Where,
A​m​ = Net area of masonry
= (3000 - 3 x 230 - 1) x 230
= 531070 mm​2
A​c =​ cross-sectional area of concrete excluding reinforcing steel
= 4 x 230 x 230 - 4 x 452.16
= 209791.36 mm​2
A​s​ = Area of steel
= 4 x 452.16
= 1808.64 mm​2
f​y​ = yield strength of the reinforcing steel
(As we are using Fe-415 grade steel. So, f​y​ = 415 MPa)
k​s​ = stress reduction factor as in ​table-9 of IS:1905-1987
= 0.81 (by applying linear interpolation)
(slenderness ratio (L/t) =13.04, ​Clause 4.6.1 IS:1905-1987​ & assume
eccentricity=0)
Therefor,
P​u​=k​s​(0.4f​m​A​m​ + 0.45f​ck A​
​ c​ + 0.75f​y​A​s​)
= 0.81 x (0.4 x 5 x 531070 + 0.45 x 30 x 209791.36 + 0.75 x 415 x 1808.64)
= 3610382.67 N
Since, P​u​ > total axial force on wall (522840 N)
Hence, our structure is safe for axial load.

Design for shear

From SAP2000 analysis max. Shear force on wall = 20.1 kN

According to ​Clause 8.4.7.2 of IS-CM​ -
Shear resistance provided by masonry
V​u​ = 0.8 (0.5v​m​A​T ​+ 0.4P​d​) f

Where,
P​d​ = design compressive axial load
= 522840 N
A​T = ​ L x t
= 3000 x 230
= 690000 mm​2
v​m = ​ masonry shear strength

= 0.18 √f m
​ ​= 0.18 √5
= 0.402 MPa
f = corrected factor for the aspect ratio H/L of the wall
= 1.119 as H/L ratio is 0.833

Therefor, V​u​ = 0.8 (0.5v​m​A​T + ​ 0.4P​d​) f

= 0.8 x (0.5 x 0.402 x 690000 + 0.4 x 522840) x 1.119
= 311373.83 N
And 1.5v​m​A​T​ = 1.5 x 0.402 x 690000
= 416070 N
V​u​ ≤ 1.5 v​m​A​T​ (in our case it is ok, 311373.83 N < 416070 N)
Therefore,
V​u​ = 311373.83 N = 311.37 kN
Since, V​u​ > total shear force on wall (20.1 kN)
Hence, our structure is safe for shear load.

Detailing tie-beam and tie-column

 Fig 14: Detailing of the tie-beam and tie-column

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

● The maximum loads on each members are obtained through analyzing the
structure using SAP2000. Then a design of walls with maximum loads are
carried out and the structure we designed have satisfied every checks for its
safety according to the IS-CM and IS 1905:1987 standards.
● The structure we designed have overestimations on the axial load capacity as
well as shear resistance. The possible reasons for this can be that (i) we have
provided double wythe walls throughout the structure and higher dimensions
for the tie-beams and columns.(ii) Use of high strength materials. (iii)It can
also be due to some approximations adopted during the analysis of structure
and inaccuracies due to them.
● Confined masonry construction is commonly adopted in many seismically
active regions. And it has been seen that confined masonry structure are very
much resistant to Earthquakes.
● It has been seen that confined masonry structure are very much resistant to
Earthquakes.
● Confined masonry structures are easy to construct and economically better.
● Final design of members.

Wall-1 without opening

Brick Properties

Brick Dimension 9 in* 4.5 in* 3 in

Brick Strength(MPa) 10

Mortar H1

Concrete M 30
 Steel Fe 415

Wall

Wall type Double wythe

Thickness(mm) 230

Tie Column
Width(mm) 230
Thickness(mm) 230
Tie Beam
Width(mm) 230
Thickness(mm) 230
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Dia of bar(mm) 12
No of bars 4
Transverse Reinforcement
Dia of bar 8
Wall-2 without opening
Brick Properties

Brick Dimension 9 in* 4.5 in* 3 in

Brick Strength(MPa) 10

Mortar H1

Concrete M 30

Steel Fe 415

Wall

Wall type Double wythe

Thickness(mm) 230

Tie Column
Width(mm) 230
Thickness(mm) 230
Tie Beam
Width(mm) 230
Thickness(mm) 230
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Dia of bar(mm) 12
No of bars 4
Transverse Reinforcement

Dia of bar 8
Wall with opening
Brick Properties

Brick Dimension 9 in* 4.5 in* 3 in

Brick Strength(MPa) 10

Mortar H1

Concrete M 30

Steel Fe 415

Wall

Wall type Double wythe

Thickness(mm) 230

Tie Column
Width(mm) 230
Thickness(mm) 230
Tie Beam
Width(mm) 230
 Thickness(mm) 230
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Dia of bar(mm) 12
No of bars 4
Transverse Reinforcement

Dia of bar 8

8. REFERENCES
● Earthquake - Resistant Confined Masonry Construction (Third Edition)
[Svetlana Brzev and Keya Mitra]
● IS - CM (Draft IS: 2017) & IS: 1905-1987
● IITGn workshop publication on “ Seismic Design and Behavior of Confined
Masonry Buildings”